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PubMed1986

Oral lormetazepam in premedication. A comparison with diazepam.

Lormetazepam, a relatively new benzodiazepine was compared in a randomised, double blind trial with diazepam for its effectiveness as an oral premedicant drug. A scoring system was used to assess sedation, relief of anxiety, nausea, dizziness and cardiovascular effects in two groups of patients having orthopaedic operations. Some statistical indication that lormetazepam has a greater anxiolytic effect than diazepam was found, but in assessing total effect using a known scoring system, no difference was demonstrated between the two drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Bromazepam as oral premedication. A comparison with lorazepam.

A double-blind trial of bromazepam 6 mg versus lorazepam 2 mg as oral premedicant agents was undertaken. A total of 153 patients were studied; 78 received bromazepam and 75 lorazepam. Objective and subjective assessments of sedation, amnesia, nausea and vomiting were performed. No significant difference between the two groups was found. It was concluded that bromazepam 6 mg and lorazepam 2 mg were equally satisfactory as premedicant drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Dexmedetomidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol-desflurane anaesthesia in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate dexmedetomidine as a premedicant in dogs prior to propofol-desflurane anaesthesia, and to compare it with medetomidine. Six healthy dogs were anaesthetized. Each dog received intravenously (i.v.) five preanaesthetic protocols: D1 (dexmedetomidine, 1 microg/kg, i.v.), D2 (dexmedetomidine, 2 microg/kg, i.v.), M1 (medetomidine, 1 microg/kg, i.v.), M2 (medetomidine, 2 microg/kg, i.v.), or M4 (medetomidine, 4 microg/kg, i.v.). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2.3-3.3 mg/kg) and maintained with desflurane. The following variables were studied: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, end-tidal concentration of desflurane (EtDES) required for maintenance of anaesthesia and tidal volume. Arterial blood pH (pHa) and arterial blood gas tensions (PaO2, PaCO2) were measured during anaesthesia. Time to extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time to standing were also recorded. HR and RR decreased significantly during sedation in all protocols. Cardiorespiratory variables during anaesthesia were statistically similar for all protocols. EtDES was significantly different between D1 (8.1%) and D2 (7.5%), and between all doses of medetomidine. Desflurane requirements were similar for D1 and M2, and for D2 and M4 protocols. No statistical differences were observed in recovery times. The combination of dexmedetomidine, propofol and desflurane appears to be effective for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in healthy dogs.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗