Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Polyps”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Multiclonal origin of polyps in Gardner syndrome.

Electrophoretic analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed on polyp tissue from three black female patients with Gardner syndrome and who are heterozygous for the A and B forms of this enzyme. Polyp tissues from the three patients displayed the AB phenotype. This finding suggests a multiclonal origin of polyps in Gardner syndrome. Studies of tumors originating from such polyps may provide information about the sequence of cellular events leading to malignant transformation.

Clone Cells↗
PubMed2004

BRAF mutation is associated with DNA methylation in serrated polyps and cancers of the colorectum.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in BRAF have been linked with colorectal cancers (CRC) showing high level microsatellite instability (MSI-H). However, the distribution of BRAF mutations in MSI-H cancers remains to be clarified with respect to precursor lesions and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). METHODS: Forty three hyperplastic polyps (HP), nine mixed polyps (MP), five serrated adenomas (SA), 28 conventional adenomas (AD), 18 hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC), and 127 sporadic CRC (46 MSI-H and 81 non-MSI-H) were collected from patients undergoing colectomy for either CRC or hyperplastic polyposis. Twenty five of 57 serrated lesions were derived from four patients with hyperplastic polyposis. HP were further subdivided according to recently documented morphological criteria into 27 classical HP and 16 variant lesions described as "sessile serrated adenoma" (SSA). All tumours were screened for BRAF activating mutations. RESULTS: The BRAF mutation was more frequent in SSA (75%) and MP (89%) than in classical HP (19%), SA (20%), and AD (0%) (p<0.0001), and also in sporadic MSI-H cancers (76%) compared with HNPCC (0%) and sporadic non-MSI-H cancers (9%) (p<0.0001). The BRAF mutation was identified more often in CIMP-high serrated polyps (72%) and CIMP-high CRC (77%) than in CIMP-low (30%) and CIMP-negative (13%) polyps (p = 0.002) as well as CIMP-low (18%) and CIMP-negative (0%) CRC (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The BRAF mutation was frequently seen in SSA and in sporadic MSI-H CRC, both of which were associated with DNA methylation. Sporadic MSI-H cancers may originate in SSA and not adenomas, and BRAF mutation and DNA methylation are early events in this "serrated" pathway.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Polyps and diverticula of the large intestine: a necropsy survey in Hong Kong.

The study is based on a prospective survey of 200 necropsies, to determine the prevalence of colonic polyps and diverticula in Hong Kong. Adenomatous polyps were found in 34% of men and 19% of women. The corresponding figures for hyperplastic polyps were 22% and 15%. When compared with European countries having similar rates for colorectal cancer, the polyp pattern by type, prevalence, and distribution is very similar. For diverticula the prevalence rate in this study was only 5%; most of these were situated in the caecum. This is at marked variance to the European pattern.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Faecal unconjugated bile acids in patients with colorectal cancer or polyps.

The unconjugated faecal bile acid profiles of 14 patients with colorectal cancer, nine patients with polyps and 10 controls were compared using gas liquid chromatography, controlling for such confounding variables as cholecystectomy, gall stones and hepatic function. Patients with adenomatous polyps had a higher concentration of faecal bile acids (5.23 mumol/g, 2.16-13.67 (median, range) v 1.96, 0.91-6.97; p = 0.016) lithocholic acid (2.41, 0.88-3.22 v 1.07, 0.38-2.03; p = 0.013) and total secondary bile acids (5.23, 2.16-13.4 v 1.96, 0.73-6.63; p = 0.02) compared with control subjects. Patients with colorectal cancer had an increased (p = 0.029) proportion of secondary faecal bile acids (mol%) compared with controls (100, 96.5-100 v 95.19, 81.73-100) and the ratios of the primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, to their respective derivatives (secondary bile acids) were significantly lower in cancer patients compared with control and patients with polyps (p = 0.034 to 0.004). This study lends further support to the theory that bile acids may play a role in the development of polyps and colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Effects of vitamin antioxidant supplementation on cell kinetics of patients with adenomatous polyps.

Colonic crypt cell proliferation is used as an indicator of risk of colorectal carcinoma. Subjects with adenomatous polyps and cancer have an increased cell proliferation and a shift of the proliferative zone towards the apex of the crypt. Epidemiological and in vitro studies have confirmed a link between vitamins A, E, C, beta-carotene, and colorectal cancer. In vitro bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical technique was used to assess the effect of daily oral supplementation with vitamin E (160 mg), vitamin C (750 mg), or beta-carotene (9 mg) on the colonic crypt cell proliferation in patients with adenomatous polyps (n = 40) compared with normal subjects with no colonic disease (n = 20). The patients were given supplementation for one month and colonic biopsy specimens were taken before and at the end of the trial. Patients with adenomatous polyps had a significantly higher mean labelling index per cent than controls (p < 0.001). Vitamin C or beta-carotene supplementation, however, significantly reduced the total proliferation (p < 0.005) whereas vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the colonic crypt cell proliferation. beta-carotene reduced cell proliferation at the base of the crypt only. Vitamin C reduced cell proliferation in all the crypt compartments from the apex to the base to those values seen in age and sex matched controls. These findings indicate that prolonged supplementation with vitamin C may reduce the recurrence of adenomatous polyps.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Proximal versus distal hyperplastic polyps of the colorectum: different lesions or a biological spectrum?

BACKGROUND: Because of their suggested link with microsatellite instability high colorectal cancers, right sided hyperplastic polyps (HPs) may differ from their distally located counterparts. This is highlighted by the recognition of a variant HP, termed sessile serrated adenoma (SSA), which predominates in the proximal colon. HPs displaying the morphological features now associated with SSAs have been shown to have altered expression of "cancer associated" markers, but no studies have investigated whether this is dependent on anatomical location of the polyps. AIMS: To evaluate morphological and functional features in right versus left sided HPs from patients without colorectal cancer with the aim of identifying distinguishing characteristics. METHODS: HPs originating in the proximal and distal colorectum were histochemically and immunohistochemically stained to evaluate a panel of markers related to proliferation and differentiation. In addition, a series of morphological features was evaluated for each polyp. RESULTS: Crypt serration, crypt dilatation, and horizontal crypt growth were more common among HPs from the right side, whereas histochemical factors including mucin changes, global methylation status, and expression of carcinoembryonic antigen were not significantly different. An age disparity was also seen between patients with right versus left sided lesions, with patients with right sided lesions being an average of more than 10 years younger than those with left sided lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that right and left sided HPs differ mainly in terms of growth regulation rather than cellular differentiation, implying that these lesions belong to a continuous spectrum of serrated polyps that differ quantitatively rather than qualitatively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1973

Pseudo-carcinomatous invasion in adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum.

The histology of pseudo-carcinomatous invasion in adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum is described and the appearances are contrasted with those seen in malignant polyps. The recognition of pseudo-carcinomatous invasion is important in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant polyps of the large bowel. Failure to distinguish it from carcinoma may lead to wrong treatment and false reports of the incidence and prognosis of cancer of the colon and rectum. The evidence suggests that pseudo-carcinomatous invasion may be the result of repeated twisting of the stalk of a polyp which causes haemorrhage and this facilitates the passage of non-malignant adenomatous epithelium through the muscularis mucosae.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Glycoprotein abnormalities in colonic carcinomata, adenomata, and hyperplastic polyps shown by lectin peroxidase histochemistry.

A technique for lectin-peroxidase histochemistry was adapted for the study of formalin fixed paraffin embedded colonic tissue. Ten lectins with differing carbohydrate binding specificity were tested against 20 normal rectal biopsy specimens and tissue from 19 colonic carcinomata, 19 tubular or tubulovillous adenomata, and 19 hyperplastic polyps. None of the normal rectal biopsy specimens bound the lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA), Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSII), and Ulex europaeus I (UEAI), whereas 18 carcinomata, 12 adenomata, and 18 hyperplastic polyps showed affinity for one or more of these lectins. Hyperplastic colonic polyps are shown to possess similar abnormalities in glycoprotein structure to malignant and adenomatous colonic tissue. This may simply indicate a non-specific reaction to changed rates of cell proliferation but might represent a more fundamental association between hyperplastic polyps and adenocarcinomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Correlation of nuclear ploidy with histology in adenomatous polyps of colon.

Histological sections of adenomatous polyps of the colon showing carcinoma were studied by video image analysis. Nuclear DNA content and morphology were measured in regions identified as either dysplasia, carcinoma confined to the mucosa, or carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosa. Where carcinoma was present, areas of dysplasia in the same polyp were found to have similar distributions of nuclear DNA content and size, supporting the notion that adenomatous polyps becomes cancer. The method can be used to detect those regions in sections of adenomatous polyps with the most severe nuclear abnormality.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Aural polyps as predictors of underlying cholesteatoma.

In a retrospective study of 96 patients 16 different histological features were examined in 100 aural polyps to see whether some or any could be used to predict the presence or absence of a cholesteatoma underlying the polyp. The patients were divided into those who had cholesteatoma and those who did not, so that discriminatory features were identified. These were combined to make an overall prediction of the probability of a cholesteatoma in the middle ear. The results showed that any polyp that (i) was composed of raw granulation tissue and (ii) contained keratin as flakes or masses had a 70-80% probability of being associated with an underlying cholesteatoma. In contrast, when a polyp (i) was composed of a fibrous core, (ii) had a covering epithelium, and (iii) contained glands and lymphoid aggregates, there was a 70-80% probability of cholesteatoma being absent. This scoring system can be used to help surgeons decide whether surgical exploration of the mastoid should be undertaken.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic colon resection with intraoperative polyp localisation with high resolution ultrasonography coupled with colour power Doppler.

A 40-year-old woman with a 3 cm sigmoid polyp lesion who underwent a laparoscopic colon resection after intraoperative localisation of the lesion using laparoscopic ultrasonography coupled with colour power Doppler is described. She has successful intraoperative detection of the polyp followed by radical laparoscopic removal of the lesion. The advantage of using laparoscopic high resolution ultrasonography coupled with colour power Doppler to locate colonic polyp lesions during a laparoscopic colon resection is that intraoperative colonoscopy can be avoided. Intraoperative ultrasonography of the colon can accurately localise colonic polyp lesions that are not detectable during laparoscopy and represents a quick and effective alternative to other imaging techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of barium enema nad colonoscopy in the detection of small colonic polyps.

A total of 210 patients was examined by barium enema and colonoscopy. The authors found 219 polyps in 112 patients. Single-contrast barium enema missed 33 (45.2%) and double-contrast barium enema missed 17 (11.7%) polyps. Colonoscopy failed to detect 6 polyps (2.7%) and another 21 (10%) were not seen because the area could not be reached by the colonoscope. Malignancy was present in 5 small polyps. The authors conclude that the double-contrast barium enema offers a definite advantage in the right colon. In general, the two methods are complementary.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1985

Gastric polyps: radiological evaluation and clinical significance.

Gastric polyps were found in 81 out of 4,692 consecutive radiological examinations (1.7%) and 103 out of 2,656 endoscopic examinations (3.9%) over a 19-month period. Polyps were more frequent in older patients and in women. Of 98 pathologically diagnosed lesions, 73 (74%) were hyperplastic and only two (2%) were adenomatous; most others were submucosal. Gastric polyps were rarely associated with carcinoma; only one patient had an area of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, which was removed by polypectomy. The double-contrast technique had a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastric polyps. The location and number of lesions were relatively good indicators of pathology, but size and radiographic characteristics were not. The authors suggest that although radiology has a role in initial detection and screening, endoscopy should be the method of choice for further evaluation and follow-up. Histological identification is possible only with biopsy, and preferably polypectomy. The infrequent association with malignancy suggests that surgery is unnecessary in most cases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

"Adenomatous polyps of the gallbladder" adenomas of the gallbladder.

The finding of adenomatous polyps of the gallbladder is a rare occurrence and an unusual clinical problem. Among 2,145 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease only 9 (0.4 per cent) presented with adenomatous polyps. There were 6 women and 3 men, aged 17 to 70 years. Preoperative ultrasonographic diagnosis was made in only 1 of 7 patients with gallstones, in contrast polypoid lesions within a gallbladder without stones were easily confirmed by both ultrasonography and oral cholecystography in the remaining 2 patients. All polyps were 1.0 cm or less in size and without histologic evidence of malignant change. The clinical significance of this rare condition is discussed, with particular reference to a possible role in development of gallbladder carcinoma. Surgical treatment should be advocated regardless of clinical manifestation when the polyp exceeds 1.0 cm in diameter or rapid growth of the lesion is seen on ultrasonographic follow-up examinations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

Endothelial and epithelial expression of eotaxin-2 (CCL24) in nasal polyps.

BACKGROUND: Nasal polyposis is mostly associated with eosinophilia of mucosal tissue. This points to the implication of CC chemokines in nasal eosinophilia. Recently the CC chemokine eotaxin-2 (CCL24) was identified. This study was initiated to localize the cellular source, analyze expression of mRNA, and quantify protein synthesis of CCL24. METHODS: Specimens of nasal inferior turbinates from controls and polypous tissue from patients suffering from chronic polypous sinusitis were collected. Furthermore, fibroblasts and epithelial cells were cultured. CCL24 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, expression of mRNA by SQ-RT-PCR. RESULTS: CCL24 was observed in endothelial and epithelial cells. Specimens from patients expressed significantly (>2fold) more CCL24 mRNA than controls. Fibroblasts and unstimulated cells did not express CCL24 mRNA. Upon stimulation with TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-4, or costimulation with TNF-alpha and INF-gamma CCL24 mRNA was significantly enhanced (3.2-19.6%). In controls, fibroblast, and unstimulated cells CCL24 protein was below detection limit. Most polyps comprised significant amounts of CCL24 (mean 0.24 ng/mg). TNF-alpha, INF-gamma or IL-4 induced CCL24 protein (0.1-0.3 ng/ml) in epithelial cells. Costimulation with TNF-alpha and IL-4 (0.1-30 and 1-30 ng/ml, respectively) synergistically induced synthesis of CCL24 protein (0.18-0.31 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: In nasal polyps endothelial and epithelial cells are obviously the main source of CCL24, which was shown for transcription (mRNA) and production (protein) levels and was associated with diseases. Results gave evidence of CLL24- directed migration of cells from inside (the bloodstream) to the epithelial side (mucosa) in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases, e.g. nasal polyposis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Late results in the removal of vocal-cord polyps].

A follow-up of 60 patients in whom polyps of the vocal cord have been removed between 1966 and 1974 is analyzed. Two thirds of the patients were male, mostly between 30 and 55 years of age. Most of the female patients were between 25 and 60. The most frequent localization was the typical one between the anterior and middle third of the vocal cord (47 patients). In 38 patients a direct laryngoscopy in local anaesthesia was performed; in 22 the removal of the polyps was done in microlaryngoscopy under general anaesthesia. The follow-up shows no recurrence. 55 patients had a clear voice, the remaining 5 showed signs of chronic laryngitis. It is concluded that microlaryngoscopy under general anaesthesia is indicated in cases of unfavourable anatomical configuration of the neck, sessile polyps or in cases where precise endoscopical manipulations are called for. The direct laryngoscopy remains an approved method in favourable cases, for instance pendular polyps, as these represent an affection of the vocal cord which shows no tendency to recurrence after mediculous removal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nasal reactivity in patients with nasal polyps.

Nasal polyposis is a common clinical problem. The polyps commonly arise from the ethmoid sinuses and the etiology is still poorly understood. There is a connection between nasal polyps and asthma, cystic fibrosis and aspirin intolerance, but it is unclear whether there is a connection between nasal polyps and nasal hyperreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a connection between nasal hyperreactivity and nasal polyposis. Ten patients with nasal polyposis entered the trial. The nasal reactivity was studied with rhinostereometry during provocation with histamine. It was found that the patients with polyps did not have any nasal hyperreactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Airway reactivity of nose and bronchi in patients with nasal polyps.

The aim of the study was to determine whether patients with nasal polyps have a hyperreactive nasal mucosa and/or bronchi and whether there is any correlation between nasal and bronchial hyperreactivity. Twenty-six healthy volunteers and 10 consecutive patients with nasal polyps participated in the study. They were challenged with increasing concentrations of histamine. The nasal mucosa response was studied with rhinostereometry and the bronchial response was estimated by peak flow. One of the patients was mildly hyperreactive in the nose and 6 patients were hyperreactive in the bronchi. There was no correlation between nasal and bronchial hyperreactivity. Patients with nasal polyps do not have a hyperreactive nasal mucosa but there seems to be a high incidence of bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with nasal polyps.

Adult↗