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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Acute pesticide-related illness among emergency responders, 1993-2002.

BACKGROUND: Emergency responders are among the first to arrive at a pesticide-related release event. Magnitude, severity, and risk factor information on acute pesticide poisoning among those workers is needed. METHODS: Survey data collected from the SENSOR-Pesticides, CDPR and HSEES programs between 1993 and 2002 from 21 states were reviewed. Acute occupational pesticide-related illness incidence rates for each category of emergency responder were calculated, as were incidence rate ratios (IRR) among emergency responders compared to all other workers employed in non-agricultural industries. RESULTS: A total of 291 cases were identified. Firefighters accounted for 111 cases (38%), law enforcement officers for 104 cases (36%), emergency medical technicians for 34 cases (12%), and 42 cases (14%) were unspecified emergency responders. Among the 200 cases with information on activity responsible for exposure, most were exposed while performing activities related to a pesticide release event (84%) and not involving patient care, while the remainder involved exposure to pesticide-contaminated patients. A majority of cases were exposed to insecticides (51%). Most had low severity illnesses (90%). The incidence rate was highest for firefighters (39.1/million) and law enforcement officers (26.6/million). The IRRs were also elevated for these professions (firefighters, IRR = 2.67; law enforcement officers, IRR = 1.69). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illness among emergency responders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Medico-legal aspects of occupational lumbar back accidents. About 242 cases].

Industrial accidents causing lumbar back strain are frequent and are of major causes of absenteeism. For this purpose, we tried in this study to assess the prevalance of such accidents, to determine the circumstances of their occurence and to point out the various risk professions. For this, we analysed 242 files of lumbar back pathology industrial accidents related. The latter files have been examined by the Tunis medical board authorized to set out the permanent disability rate resulting from industrial accidents and occupational diseases. We noticed a marked male predominance 58% of patients were aged between 41 and 50 years. We observed a predisposition in 19% of all cases. The professional category of operators is mainly concerned. These accidents most frequently occur in the morning at the site of work, often due to the handling of heavy loads. They cause lesions of variable importance, such as slipped disc hernia in 40% of cases. The average duration of absenteeism resulting from lumbar strain is of 237 days a year per patient. After-effects are frequent, notably those of spinal pains and lumbar stiffness. The average rate of permanent partial disability is of 8% (0-45%).

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A historical cross-disciplinary perspective on the professional doctorate in occupational therapy.

Clinical doctorates are emerging in occupational therapy. By examining the development of clinical doctorates in medicine, dentistry, psychology, pharmacy, nursing, and physical therapy, implications can be drawn for the future of occupational therapy education. These histories offer us a sense of the distinct purpose and curricular structure of the professional doctorate, its successes and problems, its general sequence of unfolding, the political dynamics surrounding it, and the potential it holds for supporting the profession's capacity for service to patients.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1992

The poverty of professionalization: a critical analysis of strategies for the occupational advancement of nursing.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate critically the strategies of occupational advancement used by nurses. It is noted that these are frequently framed within the paradigm of professionalization. However, despite the ubiquity of its use, it is argued that this model is inappropriate. Specific strategies are examined. Attempts to appropriate the title of profession by demonstrating that nursing possesses the relevant attributes are dismissed as rhetorical exercises. The rise of managerialism, despite being cloaked in the guise of professionalism, is seen as anti-professional because it restricts the autonomy of individual practitioners. Clinical 'professionalization' is also regarded as problematic because it does not fit with the definition of a professional as an autonomous practitioner. Examination of patient advocacy, and of attempts to validate nursing diagnosis, demonstrate that the occupational advancement of clinical nurses is increasingly dependent upon the co-operation of health care consumers. This dependence is incompatible with the prescriptive powers and exclusive knowledge that are claimed by traditional professions. It is concluded that nurses should abandon the ideology of professionalization and concentrate on the more pertinent issue of maximizing the efficacy of the occupation.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2003

The role of occupational stress in the maladaptive use of alcohol by dentists: a study of South Australian general dental practitioners.

BACKGROUND: It is well recognized that dentistry is a stressful profession. However, there are conflicting views about the extent to which such stress contributes to hazardous drinking among dentists. In addition, the relative contributions of stress and pre-existing vulnerability in predicting alcohol problems among dentists generally (and Australian dentists in particular) have yet to be determined. METHODS: The levels of stress and alcohol consumption of 312 South Australian dentists were measured. Factors known to mediate vulnerability to alcohol disorders were also assessed with appropriate psychometric instruments. RESULTS: High levels of stress/burnout, consistent with other studies of dentists' stress, were recorded. Hazardous levels of alcohol consumption, which were between two and four times higher than the normative South Australian population, were also reported, particularly among males and rural dentists. CONCLUSIONS: To a significant extent, stress and hazardous alcohol consumption are both present among South Australian dentists. However, compared with work stress/burnout, existing personal vulnerability factors are much stronger predictors of such hazardous alcohol consumption. We suggest that professional dental bodies, and state Dental Boards, may play a role in ensuring stress inoculation and guidance on safe limits of alcohol consumption for dentists-in-training; and in creating appropriate mechanisms for assisting dentists who experience alcohol related difficulties.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Medical reports on persons claiming compensation for personal injury.

An audit of one insurance company's files on all employer's liability and third party motor claims settled over two years for 5000 pounds or more presented an opportunity to review the medical reports on the patients involved. A stratified random sample of files on 203 patients contained 602 reports prepared by 400 consultants. Content analysis was undertaken to evaluate compliance with published guidance on reports prepared for medico-legal purposes and to ascertain how well reports met recipients' requirements. While clinical topics were well covered, generally to a high standard, other functional, psychosocial and occupational topics, reflecting the wider clinical and non-clinical frame of reference within which lawyers and insurers normally seek information and advice, were covered less frequently, extensively and comprehensively--leaving considerable scope to improve these aspects of assessment and reporting. Further review of this aspect of professional practice should include attention to the appropriateness of existing guidance, postgraduate training requirements and the involvement of other agencies or professions in some aspects of assessment for medico-legal purposes.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

Knowledge of travel medicine providers: analysis from a continuing education course.

BACKGROUND: With millions of international travelers, there has been an increase in the scope and variability of travel medicine providers. A study was conducted to measure the baseline knowledge of providers, determine factors affecting this knowledge, and assess acquisition of knowledge after a continuing education course. METHODS: A one-day continuing medical education course was held for health care professionals interested in travel medicine. Prior to the course, attendees completed a test determining knowledge in malaria chemoprophylaxis, traveler's diarrhea management, vaccines, jet lag, the returned traveler, and other areas. An identical test was given after completion of the course. Performance on the test was analyzed by profession, area of specialty training, and experience in travel medicine. RESULTS: Seventy-seven attendees completed the precourse test. Forty-eight percent were physicians and 47% were nurses; 29% specialized in infectious diseases, 22% in occupational medicine and student health, and 18% in family or internal medicine; 60% had >/= 1 year of travel medicine experience while 20% had no experience. The precourse test score for all participants was 62.7% 6 6.5 (sd). Analysis by profession found that physicians scored the highest (71%). Providers with >/= 1 year of travel medicine experience scored higher than those with no experience (67% vs 53%, p <.01). Statistically significant correlations were found between precourse exam results and profession (+.432, p <.001) and travel medicine experience (+.365, p =.002). No significant correlation was found between precourse exam and area of specialty training. Combined mean score on the postcourse exam improved to 81.8% 6 4.5, an increase of 17.2% over the precourse score for those who took both tests (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The profession of the provider and the duration of experience in travel medicine were the most important correlations of baseline knowledge in travel medicine. All groups improved their knowledge following the course.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

The gender imbalance among speech and language therapists and students.

Speech and language therapy is still a predominantly female profession. This paper reports the numbers and percentages of males among the population of student speech and language therapists in the UK in 1999-2000. The numbers imply that there is no prospect of redressing the gender imbalance in the near future. Information was gathered by means of a questionnaire to male speech and language therapy students and male therapists on the reasons for their career choice and their occupation-related experience concerning their gender. Most therapists reported advantages from their gender but a minority reported difficulties arising from being a man in the speech and language therapy profession. The issue of working alone with children is identified as being in urgent need of resolution.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1991

Human nail dust: hazard to chiropodists or merely nuisance?

This survey was carried out in response to anxiety among chiropodists as earlier reports had raised the possibility of respiratory damage as a result of sensitization to trichophytons. Questionnaires were sent to 327 chiropodists and 168 replies were received. The aim was to investigate respiratory symptoms and their relationship to work and drill usage. All of those completing questionnaires were invited to attend the occupational health department for prick tests and lung function tests. Just over one half of those who were invited attended. Although upper respiratory symptoms were common, only eye symptoms and wheeze were significantly more prevalent in those who used non-vacuum drills. Nasal symptoms were commoner in those who had spent less than ten years in the profession. Throat symptoms and multiple symptoms occurred more commonly in the 17 per cent of attenders who had positive prick tests to trichophytons. There were no cases of occupational asthma and no definite relationship between any symptom and work. It was confirmed that sensitization to trichophytons was common (16.5 per cent) but did not produce chest problems. Nail dust might produce symptoms by simple irritation of the upper respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The implications of healthcare reforms for the profession of nursing.

This paper offers a wide-ranging analysis of concerns that the value of emotion work within nursing is being eroded. We examine the occupation's historical development to argue that, in so far as emotion work has any essence within nursing, it is as an occupational myth which has been deployed to legitimate nurses' jurisdictional claims. We argue that recent developments in health-care raise questions about the benefits of claims of this kind and suggest that a little more realism about the nature of nursing work might make for a more sustainable professional future.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1998

[Synovial sarcoma of the pericardium].

A precordial tumor of the pericardium was radiologically diagnosed as the cause of an untypical clinical picture of heart disease in a 41-year-old soldier. As the patient had an increased asbestos exposure due to his profession, he was admitted to operation under the tentative diagnosis of a pericardial mesothelioma and the question of an occupational disease (BK 4105). Microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are compatible with the diagnosis of a synovial sarcoma of the pericardium. The present immunohistochemical marker spectrum allowed a reliable differentiation between synovial sarcoma and pericardial mesothelioma, which is more frequent than synovial sarcoma. The epithelioid component was determined using the following antibodies: MNF 116, CK 19, CK 7, EMA and Ber EP-4 were positive while Factor VIII, Calretinin, S100, Vimentin, CEA, CD 31, bcl-2 and HBA-71 were negative. The sarcomatous component was determined with antibodies to Vimentin, bcl-2 and HBA-71 which were positive, and to MNF 116, CK 19, CK 7, Factor VIII, Calretinin, S100, EMA, CEA, Ber EP-4 and CD 31 which were negative. Synovial sarcomas of the pericardium in the lower anterior mediastinum or the myocardium are exceedingly rare. A causal relationship between tumor formation and an increased asbestos exposure--similar to the epidemiologically based experiences with pericardial mesothelioma--is not likely. Primary extrapericardial synovial sarcoma could be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

HCV infection: aspects of epidemiology and transmission relevant to oral health care workers.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common worldwide problem, giving rise to long-term viral carriage and risk of chronic hepatic disease, hepatic malignancy and a wide spectrum of immunologically mediated disorders. The present report describes relevant data suggesting that nosocomial transmission to oral health care workers is unlikely, but in view of medical and occupational consequences of such infection, and the absence of long-term effective treatment or vaccine, the oral surgery profession must continue to be vigilant and to maintain the highest standards of infection control procedures to minimize the possible acquisition of HCV during dental treatment.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1981

What do they think we do? O.T. functions as perceived by administrators and allied health professionals.

Prior to preparing written material about the profession, hospital administrators in Alberta were surveyed by questionnaires in an attempt to ascertain the level of knowledge about occupational therapy roles and functions. Fifty-four respondents (administrators and other health professionals) replied to all sections of the questionnaire. Their responses have been analysed and compared to those of occupational therapists within the following areas: occupational therapists as prime agents in specific service areas, the occupational therapist's role in tasks relating specifically to physical medicine, tasks relating primarily to evaluation and treatment, tasks relating to consultation and teaching and tasks relating to administrative aspects of program management. There appears to be a lack of knowledge about the entire occupational therapy process; treatment techniques and media can be identified but how the client is assessed, goals set and the evaluation of the client's progress is not understood. Findings indicate that it is not advisable to publish and distribute information without first surveying the level of existing knowledge of the intended reader.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspects of prophylactic orientation in stomatology].

The prophylactic orientation is a basic principle, the application of which, in the stomatological practice, on a constant basis, aims at a significant improvement in the status of bucco-dental health of the population, and the transformation of the present type of stomatology, in a truly modern stomatological medicine. The author makes a detailed analysis of the strategy employed in the reduction of the provence of the main bucco dental diseases, and of the necessities for stomatological treatment, especially of the reduction by over 50% of the prevalence of dental caries, which, at the present time, makes necessary to carry out approximately 75% of the entire volume of stomatologic activities in adults. Also the reduction is attempted, of the prevalence of gingivitis, parodontitis, dento-maxillary anomalies, of the cancer of the buccal cavity, and other affections, by methods and means of primary prophylaxis, applied in the majority of the population. The secondary prophylaxis is also analysed, as it is carried out by early detection and treatment of lesions and diseases in the dento-maxillo-facial field. Other aspects are also discussed, such as: extension of the prophylactic orientation in the curative stomatological practice, and the avoidance of iatrogenic lesions and diseases, which are frequent in the stomatological practice; the ergonomic organization of the working place, and of the work methods, reduction of the risks involved in contracting or transmitting to or from the patients of various diseases, prophylaxis of occupational diseases in stomatologists, prophylaxis of aspects, attitudes or behaviour which are against etichal and deontological principles of the profession, as well as the necessity for a better preparation from the prophylactic viewpoint of stomatologists and their coworkers in view of coping with increased competence and efficiency with the increased demands of stomatological assistance of the population.

Communicable Disease Control↗