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Results for “Neoplastic Processes”

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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

GABA content and GAD activity in colon tumors taken from patients with colon cancer or from xenografted human colon cancer cells growing as s.c. tumors in athymic nu/nu mice.

A significantly high GABA level and GAD activity was found in human colon cancer tissue as compared with normal macroscopically unchanged human colon wall taken from the same patients. Similarly in athymic nu/nu mice transplanted with human colon adenocarcinoma cells established in in vitro culture (line CX-2) the high level of GABA accompanied by high GAD activity was found in subcutaneously growing tumors as compared with the unchanged colon wall and unchanged skin tissue from the same tumor bearing mice. Interestingly, the level of GAD activity in the macroscopically unchanged colon tissue of mice transplanted with tumor cells were increased in comparison with normal colon of healthy control mice. For the skin, only GAD activity was higher in the material coming from tumor bearing mice than in the material from normal control mice, whereas GABA level was even lower in the skin of tumor inoculated mice compared with control group. An increase in GABA level and in GAD activity can perhaps reflect a local immune response to the neoplastic process. The observed direction of GABA metabolism in tumor of the colon indicates a possibility to interfere in this process using the agonists of the GABA-ergic system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the female breast: report of a case and review of the literature.

We report the case of a primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma in a 51-year-old white woman. The tumor occupied the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. There was no association with the underlying pectoral muscle, and the patient was free of any other benign or malignant neoplastic processes outside the breast. Microscopically, the breast tumor was composed of primitive myoblasts and numerous rhabdomyoblasts at various stages of development, many of which exhibited cytoplasmic cross striations on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Intramedullary fat necrosis of multiple bones associated with pancreatitis.

We describe findings of intramedullary fat necrosis on five imaging studies in a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis. Radiography and CT of extremities showed multiple osteolytic lesions that were initially considered to be metastases. However, a 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate whole-body bone scan revealed abnormal areas of increased uptake in only the bones of extremities without involvement of the axial skeleton, a distribution quite unusual for metastatic disease. Furthermore, 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy was essentially normal. MRI revealed findings compatible with the diagnosis of fat necrosis/infarct. Findings from bone biopsy demonstrated necrotic bone marrow without malignant cells. It may not be necessary to perform all the imaging studies described in this report when clinical features suggesting metastatic fat necrosis are present. Appearance and distribution of abnormalities on the whole-body bone scan and MR images show that necrosis/infarct of the marrow may obviate bone biopsy, which is often needed to confirm the diagnosis of intramedullary fat necrosis and to exclude neoplastic processes.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

An approach to general oncology: principles and procedures.

The obstetrician-gynecologist is frequently the only physician to attend women during their reproductive years. Malignant disease outside the pelvic organs is a fairly frequent occurence in this age group. Certain findings in the patient's history and physical examination can suggest malignant disease. The routine laboratory examination can also provide indications of the presence of a neoplastic process. Once this process is suspected, histologic proof of malignancy must be obtained before further staging and therapy are considered. The extent of the disease is important for the planning of therapy, i.e., whether it is to be surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or some combination of the three. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recognized as a form of treatment designed to eradicate micrometastases, prevent the occurrence of subsequent clinical metastatic disease and, as a result, improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of yeast functional assay to detect p53 gene mutation in minute endoscopic samples of colonic mucosal neoplasia].

Mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene is known to play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of many types of human cancers, especially in colon carcinogenesis. To investigate the early stage of neoplastic processes, a simple and reliable method is needed to evaluate the state of p53 mutation. For this purpose, we tested the availability of the recently developed yeast functional assay to minute endoscopic samples. The assay consisted of 3 steps: 1) extraction of mRNA from the minute samples, 2) reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the mRNA, and 3) transformation of yeasts by means of crude PCR products. This was an effective way to analyze many samples within a short period of time (2 days). The results were visible either as white colonies (wild type) or red colonies (mutant type). At first, we tested whether the quantity of mutants was measurable or not by analyzing a calibrated mixture of the cells known to harbor mutant and wild-type. The percentage of the red colonies that showed mutant p53 alleles was in proportion to the initial input percentage of the mutant p53 cells. Secondly, in clinical cases, it was found that minute samples (10-20 mg) were sufficient both for the analysis of yeast functional assays and pathologic examinations. The samples taken from normal mucosa and adenomas revealed fewer red colonies than the background value of this assay (10%). All the samples from adenocarcinomas yielded red colonies over 20%. The percentage of red colonies was well consistent with the ratio of cancer cell numbers to total cells. However, the percentage was not always correlated with the number of immunohistochemically positive cells stained with monoclonal antibody to detect abnormal p53. These results indicate that this assay combined with histological examination may provide useful information on determining carcinogenesis in endoscopic samples.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[The effect of chemotherapy on bone metabolism in patients with non-small cell lung cancer].

UNLABELLED: In this study the influence of chemotherapy on bone metabolism in patients with III stage of non-small cell lung cancer has been evaluated. 30 patients (men) in average age 57.1 years were enrolled to this trial. The trial carried out on 2 groups of patients: group A consisted of 30 patients with NSCLC, group B of 15 patients without neoplastic process. In all participants bone scintigraphy was done and the following biochemical markers were measured: osteocalcin concentration, alkaline phosphatase's bone fraction, twenty-four-hour calcium and hydroxyproline urine excretion. In patients after two courses of chemotherapy (mitomycin, cisplatin, vinblastine) statistically significant reduction of serum concentration of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, also reduction of calcium and hydroxyproline urine excretion have been observed. Scintigraphic examination of bones showed statistically significant decrease in resorption of isotope (MDP 99mTc) in patients after chemotherapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows positive influence of chemotherapy on bone metabolism in patients with NSCLC. Patients treated with chemotherapy have bone metastases less frequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Significance of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in ovarian cancer.

Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) finds increasingly broad application in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in ovarian cancer. Its sensitivity increases in parallel to clinical advancement of the tumor and to the grade of cellular differentiation. TPS may represent valuable supplementation of conventional markers in diagnosis of mucous carcinoma. Improved sensitivity and specificity of the technique for detection of ovarian cancer occur when two or more additional tumour markers are used in parallel. TPS has been found to represent a dependable index of surgical completeness. Determination of TPS in the sera of patients with ovarian cancer in the course of chemical treatment provides important information on the course of the neoplastic process and defines the response of the host to the applied treatment.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

[Gastric and duodenal intramural hematoma: report of two cases].

Two cases of intramural hematoma arising in the duodenum and the stomach are reported. Both patients were male, aged 40 and 58 years, and suffered from chronic pancreatitis. Hematoma of the duodenal wall may have resulted from the acute exacerbation of the chronic pancreatitis in the first patient. As to the second case, continuous administration of Colfarit following myocardial infarction may have been causal to the gastric lesion. The initially suspected diagnosis in the first case, was pancreatic pseudocyst with obstruction of the duodenum while in the second case the gastric hematoma imitated a submucosus neoplastic process. The authors review clinical symptoms and therapeutic approaches of intramural hematomas of the proximal gastrointestinal tract. Literature data regarding etiology and therapy are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Conditions of the spine.

Sequelae of congenital, developmental, infectious, degenerative, and neoplastic processes present themselves throughout adolescence, a time of rapid growth and spinal development. The author outlines the elements of an accurate diagnostic physical examination, the signs and symptoms of various spinal deformities, and their diagnosis and treatment. The potential causes of back pain in children and adolescents are explored. The author cautions against dismissing complaints of back pain in the skeletally immature population as mere "growing pains."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Sphincter-preserving operations in the treatment of carcinoma of the middle and lower third of the rectum].

The prerequisites for sphincter-salvaging interventions in the operative management of carcinoma of the middle and lower third of rectum are analyzed. Reference is made to 96 scientific publications of the issue, with due consideration given to the anatomical and physiological prerequisites for coloanal anastomoses. Updated knowledge of intramural diffusion of the neoplastic process in distal direction promotes the performing of ablastic surgical intervention with resection line 2 cm beneath the tumor. The practical implications of total mesorectal excision for reducing local recurrences are underscored. Analysis of the summed up literature data warrant the assumption that in the event of differentiated carcinoma of the rectum, located 1.5-2 cm above linea dentata, sphincter-salvaging operation should be undertaken with a priority given to direct manual coloanal, transanal anastomosis. This type of surgical interventions are attractive on account of the likelihood to preserve the anal sphincter complex--a fact having an essential practical bearing on the lifestyle of patients. Eventual local relapses lend themselves readily to diagnosis and treatment by abdominoperineal extirpation. Thus the latter may be deferred in time, and in most patients it may prove unnecessary altogether.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2004

The effect of new anthracycline derivatives on the induction of apoptotic processes in human neoplastic cells.

This study was an attempt to determine the effect of a selected anthracycline derivative, WP903, on apoptotic processes in human melanoma cells depending on intracellular concentrations of the compound, and to evaluate the significance of apoptosis induction for the cytotoxic effect of anthracycline antibiotics. It was found that the WP903, contrary to ADR (adriamycin) is a strong inducer of apoptotic processes in ME18 human melanoma cells regardless of their susceptibility to adriamycin and WP903. The cells were treated for 24 h with ADR (1 and 5 microg/ml) or WP903 (0.2 and 2 microg/ml). Apoptosis was detected with the use of annexin V-FITC and PI (propidium iodide) and with TUNEL assay. WP903 used at 0.2 microg/ml induced early apoptosis in 23% of ME18 cells and in 60% of ME18/R cells; at 2 microg/ml in 70% of each of cell line tested. Significant late apoptotic effect was observed in ME18 cells. In contrast, ADR was found to be a weak inducer of apoptotic events. The results suggest that apoptosis is not a mechanism directly related to the cytotoxic effect of anthracycline antibiotics.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1992

Neoplastic and inflammatory processes of the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery: diagnosis with CT.

Disease processes in the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery occasionally are not recognized at radiologic examination. The authors have used computed tomography (CT) to categorize the radiologic appearances of the more common abnormalities into three basic patterns: (a) solid but relatively well-defined masses, (b) cystic-appearing masses, and (c) ill-defined or infiltrative processes. The most common solid masses to affect these anatomic regions are secondary neoplasms, which are associated with enhancement of the peritoneum on contrast material-enhanced CT scans and, typically, ascites. The various cystic-appearing masses (including cystic lymphangioma, cystic mesothelioma, teratoma, and loculated ascites) and infiltrating masses (such as peritoneal mesothelioma, retractile mesenteritis, desmoid, and carcinoid) must be differentiated on the basis of clinical findings and additional imaging findings (eg, CT depiction of fat and calcium in teratomas and the radiating appearance of carcinoids). Although the CT appearances of some of the abnormalities overlap, classifying them by pattern is helpful in narrowing the range of the differential diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung: importance of recognition and differentiation from neoplastic and granulomatous processes.

Two cases of inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung are reported and the literature is reviewed. The lesions are commonly discovered incidently in asymptomatic young persons and are characterized by a solitary, homogeneous, well-circumscribed mass composed of the major kinds of inflammatory elements in various proportions. The lesion should be differentiated from true neoplasms and common granulomas. Resection of the lesion results in permanent cure.

Adult↗