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PubMed2005

Use of information and communication technology among dental students at the University of Jordan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the current knowledge, skills, and opinions of undergraduate dental students at the University of Jordan with respect to information communication technology (ICT). Dental students from the second, third, fourth, and fifth years were asked to complete a questionnaire presented in a lecture at the end of the second semester in the 2002-03 academic year. The response rate was 81 percent. Besides free and unlimited access to computers at the school of dentistry, 74 percent of the students had access to computers at home. However, 44 percent did not use a computer regularly. Male students were more regular and longer users of computers than females (p<0.001). A significant number of students (70 percent) judged themselves competent in information technology (IT) skills. More males felt competent in basic IT skills than did females (p<0.05). More than two-thirds acquired their computer skills through sources other than at the university. The main educational use of computers was accessing the Internet, word processing, multimedia, presentations, Medline search, and data management. More clinical students felt competent in word-processing skills (p<0.05) and many more used word processing for their studies (p<0.001) than did preclinical students. More males used word processing for their studies than females (p<0.001). Students used computers for personal activities more frequently than for academic reasons. More males used computers for both academic (p<0.01) and personal activities (p<0.001) than did females. All students had access to the Internet at the university, and 54 percent had access at home. A high percentage of students (94 percent) indicated they were comfortable using the Internet, 75 percent said they were confident in the accuracy, and 80 percent said they were confident in the relevance of information obtained from the Internet. Most students (90 percent) used email. Most students (83 percent) supported the idea of placing lectures on the web, and 61.2 percent indicated that this would not influence lecture attendance. Students used the Internet more for personal reasons than for the study of dentistry. More clinical students used the Internet for dentistry than preclinical students (p<0.001). More males than females used the Internet for dentistry (p<0.01) as well as for pleasure (p<0.01). Time and availability were the main obstacles to Internet use. Dental students at the University of Jordan have access to substantial IT resources and demonstrated attitudes toward the computer and Internet technology and use that were similar to other students in other nations. However, the educational use of ICT among Jordanian students remains low.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2004

[The use of interactive medical data transfer to increase effectiveness of a mass screening program].

Cervical cancer is still called the most frequent neoplasm refer to women's genital tract (incidence rate 30-35/100,000/year). Scandinavian countries experiences have shown that effective screening program especially used multimedia (radio, TV, Internet) is one of the based elements, which should improve situation in prevention of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was an attempt to create medical Website including specialized and basic informations for doctors and patients about cervical and breast cancer, their prophylactic and treatment. An influence of these data to increase active participation in screening program was also analysed. Material covers a random sample of 1200 women (30-59 years of age) who were invited to participate in cytology screening in two edition of the program (1997-99, 2000-02). In the years of 2000-02 information about Website was added to the invitation. Medical Website was created as server information. A special questionnaire prepared by Sociology Department was distributed to 1200 women. In both group participation during two screening edition was compared and analysed. All data were statistically correlated. Website address was created: http://pkzr.ac.bialystok.pl. From the group of 1200 questioned (mean age--41.8) answered 1059 women (88.25%). 6.98% (n=74) have never used this Website but 20 of them have done cytology test after receiving an invitation which were posted to all 1200 women. The last of 985 women analysed Website. 80.4% (n=792) have received enough informations about cervical and breast cancer (4.67 point) and decided to participate in cervical cancer screening. From this group only 428 women actively took part in cytology exams in 1997-99. 189 women participated in the screening programme from the last 193 patients (19.6%) who analysed server informations (4.89 point). From 141 people who have not answered for the questionnaire 23 have done cytology test. Participation in the second edition of cervical cancer screening programme (1997-99) was 41.9%. It was really two times lower than in the same group who could used Internet and was estimated on 85.3%. Internet site--http://pkzr.ac.bialystok.pl seems to be a basic digital textbook about cervical and breast neoplastic disease and their prophylactic. It is also interactive transferring data source that could create healthy attitude to increase effectiveness of screening programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

E-learning as educational tool in emergency and disaster medicine teaching.

E-learning is a new project for education based on the adoption of new computerised, multimedia and telematic technologies. Its application has deeply changed the concept of a teacher-based teaching to a student-centred educational project. It offers a great flexibility in the educational methodology, in the administration of contents, in the synchronous and/or asynchronous interaction between teachers and students, in the organisation and in the structure of the course, in the educational plans, in the support, the tracking and the evaluation of the student. E-learning could represent a great resource and a possible revolution in the concept of education and in the field of medical education as well. In some specific fields of application, as Emergency and Disaster Medicine, where the interaction between the student, the teacher and the patient, even if of great importance, are difficult to obtain in a quiet setting and have a lot of organizing, technical and economic troubles, e-learning approach could find a fertile field of application. In this paper we present a new program of educational activities we started in the field of Emergency and Disaster Medicine together with a review of the history of the instructional design and related technologies, ranging from the development of computer aided instruction to modern e-learning applications as teaching methodologies, and their impact on pedagogic and operative aspects.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2005

[Population exposure to HCH in Tianjin area].

The population exposure to HCH in Tianjin area is estimated based on field data on media concentration and other data from the literature. A multimedia /multipathway human exposure model is employed to calculate the population' s Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) of HCH. The population's lifetime CDI was 0.05microg x (kg x d)-1, and the daily exposures of child, youth and adult were 0.10, 0.06, and 0.04microg x (kg x d)-1, respectively. The result indicates that diet exposure was the most important route, accounting for 87% of total dose. Respiration ranked second and contributed 5% - 10% of the total dose.

China↗
PubMed2005

[Dissertations 25 years after the date 5. The dentist and patient education: 25 years later].

In 1979 the thesis 'The dentist and patient education' was published. Based on theory and research, it was the aim of the thesis to provide physicians, dentists, dental students, and dental hygienists theoretical and practical tools to be of assistance in daily patient education. During the last 25 years the insights in patient education and shared decision making were further developed. Two literature studies were published in books. Some research projects were carried out and published in articles. Nowadays, individual based patient education is an essential part of dentists' and dental hygienists' daily work. When compared with the period 1970-1985, at present, multimedia campaigns on oral disease prevention are extremely scarce. Communication skills of dentists appeared to be strongly related to patients' satisfaction of oral care delivery. In the Netherlands, the ethical principle of informed consent has been legislated in 1995 and, as a consequence, activities in the field of patient education are more juridically characterized.

Dentistry↗
PubMed2005

Collaborating to enhance patient education and recovery.

OBJECTIVE: The paper describes a collaborative project between librarians and health care staff to enhance patient recovery by distributing educational videos and evaluating the acceptability of this "information intervention." BACKGROUND: On inpatient units, nurses experience decreased time to teach patients. Text handouts do not include multimedia information, and reading levels may limit comprehension. Because the postoperative period is not the optimal time for patient instruction, another format and opportunity for postsurgical instruction was needed. METHODS: Nurses, therapists, educators, and librarians partnered to select a video designed for home viewing by discharged patients. It was added to the existing text-based educational program for coronary patients. An evaluation component was incorporated into this collaboration. RESULTS: The library's role extended to all aspects of the program's implementation and management. The library's circulation system was used to coordinate borrowing with minimal loss. Ongoing preparation of the video materials for distribution and return remained a library function, and the evaluation component showed patients' positive reception of the video. DISCUSSION: Patients received a greater amount of information to enhance self-care during the recovery period without consuming more nursing time. Video circulation and reuse enhanced cost effectiveness of the program, and patients benefited from the library's resources.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2006

Asthma educational seminar targeting Medicaid providers.

BACKGROUND: Medicaid-insured children have high risk of asthma but are less likely to receive care in keeping with national guidelines. We targeted providers who care for a large proportion of Medicaid-insured children and presented a 2-session multimedia asthma-education seminar that emphasizes communication and teaching techniques, to enhance providers' asthma-care teaching skills. METHODS: Five Medicaid-approved health maintenance organizations recruited pediatric primary-care providers. Providers were surveyed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to determine if they reported changes in their use of certain asthma-care communication techniques. RESULTS: Fifty-three of 70 participating providers completed the program and initial survey. They reported that 50% (median) of their patients were insured by Medicaid. At baseline, providers reported they were very confident of their asthma knowledge; however, they were less confident in interactions with patients/families regarding asthma self-management skills. Providers reported use of written plans less than half of the time. The response rate was 60% at 6 months and 71% at 1 year. Twenty-eight providers completed all 3 surveys. They reported significantly more frequent use of communication and counseling techniques that involved patient/parent asthma education and self-management skills at the 6-month point, that were partly sustained at 1 year. Reported provision of written asthma plans to patients had increased significantly at 6 months, but that increase was not sustained at the 1-year point. CONCLUSIONS: The seminar significantly enhanced knowledge of specific communication techniques related to asthma-teaching goals and reported use of asthma action plans to enhance self-management skills; however, these practices appear to need frequent reinforcement.

Asthma↗
PubMed2006

A simulation-based training system for surgical wound debridement.

A simulation-based training system for surgical wound debridement was developed and comprises a multimedia introduction, a surgical simulator (tutorial component), and an assessment component. The simulator includes two PCs, a haptic device, and mirrored display. Debridement is performed on a virtual leg model with a shallow laceration wound superimposed. Trainees are instructed to remove debris with forceps, scrub with a brush, and rinse with saline solution to maintain sterility. Research and development issues currently under investigation include tissue deformation models using mass-spring system and finite element methods; tissue cutting using a high-resolution volumetric mesh and dynamic topology; and accurate collision detection, cutting, and soft-body haptic rendering for two devices within the same haptic space.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2006

Qualitative assessment of local distribution of Screen for Life mass media materials in Appalachia.

INTRODUCTION: Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign is a multimedia campaign that informs men and women aged 50 and older about the importance of colorectal cancer screening. The Appalachia Cancer Network undertook a qualitative research study to help determine whether Screen for Life materials are being used and distributed by organizations serving Appalachian residents and to help assess key informants' perceived acceptability of the materials. METHODS: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 13 state and local informants in three Appalachian states to assess the diversity of community organizations that received the materials, the level of material use, and receptivity to Screen for Life. RESULTS: Regional cancer control programs were more active in promoting Screen for Life at local levels than state health departments. Although state health departments are the primary route for distributing Screen for Life materials, they did not report the breadth of activities noted by regional cancer control programs. Several local interview respondents were unfamiliar with Screen for Life, and respondents who were familiar with Screen for Life used the materials in a general, unplanned way. Although some respondents were unfamiliar with the campaign materials, they were interested in Screen for Life. No formal evaluations on the effectiveness of the materials were reported. CONCLUSION: More guidance on how to implement the Screen for Life campaign as a targeted health communication media campaign would be helpful.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1996

Microcomputer-based 3D modeling as an aid to 2D illustration.

Microcomputer 3D software can create useful references for 2D medical illustrations. When combined with the layering capability of illustration software like Photoshop these illustrations based on renders from 3D reference materials may be used to create small, stratified visual databases. The evolution of 2D digital medical illustration will be characterized by the increasing density of information. Today's layered Photoshopfiles are progenitors of tomorrow's informated illustrations, deeply layered 2D visuals that may contain multiple illustrations, diagnostic images, and multimedia content.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1990

Research on teaching methods.

Research on teaching methods in nursing education was categorized into studies on media, CAI, and other nontraditional instructional strategies. While the research differed, some generalizations may be made from the findings. Multimedia, whether it is used for individual or group instruction, is at least as effective as traditional instruction (lecture and lecture-discussion) in promoting cognitive learning, retention of knowledge, and performance. Further study is needed to identify variables that may influence learning and retention. While learner attitudes toward mediated instruction tended to be positive, investigators failed to control for the effect of novelty. Control over intervening variables was lacking in the majority of studies as well. Research indicated that CAI is as effective as other teaching methods in terms of knowledge gain and retention. Attitudes toward CAI tended to be favorable, with similar problems in measurement as those evidenced in studies of media. Chang (1986) also recommends that future research examine the impact of computer-video interactive instruction on students, faculty, and settings. Research is needed on experimental teaching methods, strategies for teaching problem solving and clinical judgment, and ways of improving the traditional lecture and discussion. Limited research in these areas makes generalizations impossible. There is a particular need for research on how to teach students the diagnostic reasoning process and encourage critical thinking, both in terms of appropriate teaching methods and the way in which those strategies should be used. It is interesting that few researchers studied lecture and lecture-discussion except as comparable teaching methods for research on other strategies. Additional research questions may be generated on lecture and discussion in relation to promoting concept learning, an understanding of nursing and other theories, transfer of knowledge, and development of cognitive skills. Few studies attempted to identify variables that may influence learning, particularly characteristics of the learner. Only six investigators addressed learning styles and their interactions with the teaching method and outcomes (Gillies, 1984; Goldsmith, 1984; Kirchhoff & Holzemer, 1979; Kissinger & Munjas, 1981; Norris, 1986; Stein et al., 1972). Research in the future needs to focus on the relationship of different learner characteristics, attributes of the teaching method, and learning outcomes. In addition, initial learning, retention, transfer to practice, and instructional time should be studied. Characteristics of the teacher and setting and relationship to the methodologies used and outcomes of instruction need investigation. Research should attempt to identify optimal conditions for learning and ways in which methods should be used for particular students, subject matter, and points in the nursing curriculum...

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2006

Singapore National Medical Image Resource Centre (SN.MIRC): a world wide web resource for radiology education.

Radiology education is heavily dependent on visual images, and case-based teaching files comprising medical images can be an important tool for teaching diagnostic radiology. Currently, hardcopy film is being rapidly replaced by digital radiological images in teaching hospitals, and an electronic teaching file (ETF) library would be desirable. Furthermore, a repository of ETFs deployed on the World Wide Web has the potential for e-learning applications to benefit a larger community of learners. In this paper, we describe a Singapore National Medical Image Resource Centre (SN.MIRC) that can serve as a World Wide Web resource for teaching diagnostic radiology. On SN.MIRC, ETFs can be created using a variety of mechanisms including file upload and online form-filling, and users can search for cases using the Medical Image Resource Center (MIRC) query schema developed by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). The system can be improved with future enhancements, including multimedia interactive teaching files and distance learning for continuing professional development. However, significant challenges exist when exploring the potential of using the World Wide Web for radiology education.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1990

[Current multi-media educational technologies in the service of new teaching strategies].

It is well known that for several decades now traditional teaching methods have suffered from serious deficiencies. In spite of this there have been only a few educational experiments in Canada and the USA, while the majority of medical schools have made only minor adjustments to their curricula and methods. Curriculum diseases are well known and solutions exist, based on advances in the field of cognitive psychology. The author discusses the combination of these "active" methods with new multimedia educational technologies using computers, audiovisual aids and computer-piloted audiovisual equipment which already exists in medical faculties. It is essential to use these powerful tools in medical teaching and in learning processes in general.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2006

Nursing spoken corpora for understanding nursing assignments.

We have built Spoken Corpora using voice data that were obtained by monitored and recorded daily nursing assignments in hospitals. The devices, we have developed are able to monitor daily nursing assignments and record multimedia data, such as video, voice, pedometer, acceleration, and. so on. Focusing on voice data, we have built two types of corpora one for analyzing nursing tasks and the other for collecting nursing terms. This work represents the first trail in Japan to develop such special devices and to make corpora for understanding nursing assignments. In this paper, we report our experiments done in "E-nightingale Project," present an effective task analysis of nursing activities, and describe results of an analysis of nursing terms for developing "Automatic Time Study Survey System."

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Development of a web-based health information service system for maternal health care.

Information technology skills are essential for effective and efficient practice in maternal and child health. The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based multimedia health information system for maternal health care using principals of user centered design. Research process includes needs assessment, needs analysis, design, development/testing, and application release. This system will be a new way of nursing intervention and contribute to the maternal health promotion.

Female↗
PubMed2006

ENN-ICS--implementation and evaluation of a multilingual learning management system for sleep medicine in Europe.

A new web based network aims at the improvement of health care in Europe by integrating advanced e-learning and e-publishing technologies for the training of medical doctors, nurses, and students. The field of application is sleep physiology and sleep medicine. Based on a multilingual, multimedia communication system, ENN-ICS Centre offers direct access to medical information for users, i.e healthcare professionals and citizens, in Europe and worldwide. The use of XML supports the development of media independent contents for multiple target groups. Editorial and distributive processes are supported by customized central editorial, content management and learning management systems (CMS, LMS). ENN-ICS e-health services are evaluated by selected user groups in North, Middle and Southern Europe using reliable and scientifically accepted validation instruments. The compliance with essential quality requirements and criteria is tested and verified by using online questionnaires based on the DISCERN questionnaire for evaluating patient information, the HON principles for health-related websites and the GMDS catalogue of quality criteria for electronic publications in medicine. The system architecture and its exemplary applications can be used as a model for future e-health services dealing with neurological and other medical topics.

Europe↗
PubMed2006

The development of a computer based learning (CBL) program in diabetes management.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a computer based learning (CBL) program in diabetes management for health care providers and academic staff MATERIAL AND METHOD: A CBL program was developed using "Authorware Professional ver. 6. 0" software. Content validation, computer background survey and investigation of the usability of the program, was conducted as part of the production of this program. The involved participants were university staff hospital care providers (e.g., doctors, nurses and pharmacists) and nursing & pharmacy students. RESULTS: Overall, the results were positive. Some limitations regarding computer background were revealed Few of the participants were familiar with self-learning materials. The usability of the CBL program was generally encouraging however some comments were made regarding program function, such as the duration of the program, and minor problems with the audiovisual effects. All comments were noted and addressed for future implementation. CONCLUSION: The CBL program was found to be a user-friendly, interactive multimedia program for diabetes management.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Engaging youth about gambling using the internet: The YouthBet.net website.

OBJECTIVE: YouthBet.net's (www.youthbet.net) goal is to prevent gambling problems among youth through an interactive, multimedia website based on a public health approach. PARTICIPANTS: YouthBet.net was designed by youth for youth. A youth working group spent several months designing the look and feel of the site to ensure that it would appeal to youth aged 10-19. In total, 34 youth from the Greater Toronto Area participated in the first 3 phases of the usability testing of the site using Video Capture of User Site Interaction methodology. SETTING: Urban Toronto. INTERVENTION: Utilizing public health strategies such as health promotion, harm reduction and problem prevention, YouthBet.net features games, information and help resources to protect youth from gambling-related harm. OUTCOMES: Youth participants indicated that they liked the interactive way gambling information was presented via realistic games and quizzes, often citing that YouthBet.net would be a fun and educational tool to be used by teachers in the classroom. Participants had no difficulties navigating the site, finding content and playing games. Additionally, all youth said that they would return to the site and would recommend it to a friend if they were having a problem with gambling. CONCLUSION: YouthBet.net is one of the first comprehensive websites designed for youth gambling. Findings from this research will inform future health promotion, harm reduction and problem prevention efforts for youth gambling using Internet technology.

Adolescent↗