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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The genetic basis of circadian behavior.

In most species, an endogenous timing system synchronizes physiology and behavior to the rhythmic succession of day and night. The mammalian circadian pacemaker residing in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus controls peripheral clocks throughout the brain and the body via humoral and neuronal transmission. On the cellular level, these clockworks consist of a set of interwoven transcriptional/translational feedback loops. Recent work emphasizes the tissue specificity of some components of these molecular clockworks and the differential regulation of their rhythmicity by the SCN.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1975

When left-handed mice live in right-handed worlds.

Many C57BL/6J inbred mice were tested for paw preference. In unbiased worlds, approximately 10 percent exhibited lateral preferences inconsistent with the world bias, and males were more strongly lateralized. Influences of world bias appear to be superimposed upon an already laterally dichotomized population. Initial left-right sense, it is posited, arises as an outcome of a seemingly random process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Abnormal spatial but normal temporal resolution in the Siamese cat: a behavioral correlate of a genetic disorder of the parallel visual pathways.

Six ordinary and one Siamese cat were tested for spatial frequency contrast sensitivity and for flicker discrimination thresholds. The Siamese cat was markedly impaired in the former task but performed normally in the latter. This result is consistent with single-cell physiological evidence showing an abnormally high Y/X cell ratio in the area centralis of Siamese cats. Under a more general perspective, this genetically related dissociation of visual impairments confirms the idea of parallel pathways subserving spatial and temporal resolution, respectively.

Albinism, Ocular↗
PubMed1986

Genetic dissection of optomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Studies on wild-type and the mutant optomotor-blindH31.

In stationary flight Drosophila melanogaster produces yaw torque in response to visual movement stimuli. The residual optomotor yaw torque response of the mutant optomotor-blindH31 (omb), which lacks the horizontal (HS) and vertical (VS) giant fibers in the lobula plate, differs from that of wild-type in several aspects: it is restricted to the frontal visual field, it is only elicited by front-to-back motion and appears to be mediated by a different set of elementary movement detectors (EMDs). Using a single black stripe as motion stimulus the torque response is, even in wild-type flies, dominated by the frontal visual field and by front-to-back motion. We thus propose that Drosophila's optomotor yaw control is organized as two partially parallel subunits. The component still displayed by omb is called "object response"; the component missing in the mutant (which is presumably mediated by the giant HS-cells in the wild-type) is called "large field response". Several properties of the object response are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Genetic assessment of the behavior of White Leghorn type pullets in an open field.

Open field tests were carried out using 17-wk-old pullets derived from two commercial White Leghorn type stocks of males bred to White Leghorn type females from a stock kept at the University of Guelph. Behavioural differences both between and within stocks were investigated, and the heritabilities of the behavioral variables were calculated. The offspring of male parental Stock 1 took longer to manifest pecking behavior than those of male parental Stock 2, and also made less use of the areas of the open field farthest from the starting point. Male parental Stock 1 showed significant variability due to sires for sitting and standing behavior, whereas for male parental Stock 2, variability existed for neck extension and the number of behavioral states manifested. Significant variability due to dams was apparent for several behavioral variables. Heritability estimates ranged from zero to quite high, with those corresponding to the significant sire effects being the highest. The results suggest that the offspring of male parental Stock 2 were the more responsive to social stimuli and were possibly more investigative. Significant sire and dam effects indicate that there are differences in the way individual chickens respond to novel environments, and that these responses may be modifiable through selection.

Animals↗