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PubMed2003

Immigration: a potential time bomb under the Integration of Conservation and Development.

Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) aim to stimulate conservation without the previous negative experiences for local people, but pay little attention to their long-term impact such as immigration. The rehabilitation of the Logone floodplain in North Cameroon, the core activity of the Waza-Logone ICDP, has led to a 34% increase of sedentary fishermen and a multiple number of temporary fishermen. Whereas livestock pressure tripled, kob antelopes, a key floodplain species, have not increased, reducing their competitiveness. The virtual disappearance of wildlife in nearby Kalamaloué National Park (NP), due to advanced human encroachment forms, is therefore a bleak perspective for Waza NP. Examples from the Central African Republic (CAR), Galapagos, Nigeria and Zimbabwe also showed that in open-access systems, improvement in living standards (development) may stimulate immigration, jeopardizing the stability necessary in protected areas (conservation). Most ICDPs lack demographic monitoring, masking its possible immigration risk. To counter the immigration risk in Waza, a policy was formulated based on local stakeholder categorization and subsequent privileges, resulting in the voluntarily displacement of a village out of Waza NP. It is further recommended that ICDPs should be involved in regional land-use planning and discourage development activities that stimulate immigration.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 subtypes circulating in Sspain.

Genetic subtypes of Human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated in 101 HIV-1-infected individuals living in Spain from 1993 to 1998. Samples selected randomly from the HIV clinic population included 29 Spanish native born subjects (28.7%) and 72 foreigners (71.3%). Proviral DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or viral RNA isolated from plasma was amplified, and endonuclease restriction analysis was carried out on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on the HIV-1 protease region enabled the characterisation of the different HIV genotypes infecting these individuals. Overall, 38 subjects (37.6%) carried non-B subtypes (A in 26, C in 2, D in 1, E in 2, and F in 7), 31 (81. 6%) of them being immigrants. Direct sequence analysis of PCR products and/or a specific serological assay confirmed the data obtained by RFLP in most individuals tested. In conclusion, different HIV-1 subtypes are circulating currently in Spain, with non-B HIV-1 subtypes being confined mostly to immigrants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Appeal board denies public health insurance coverage to immigrants on Minister's Permits.

In a decision released in August 1999, the Health Services Appeal Board in Ontario upheld the decision to deny provincial health coverage to an HIV-positive woman who had been denied permanent resident status on the basis of "medical inadmissibility" but was living in Canada on an Immigration Minister's Permit issued on "humanitarian and compassionate grounds."

Canada↗
PubMed1997

The linkage between immigration and internal migration in large metropolitan areas in the United States.

"This paper investigates the relationship between the internal migration of native-born workers and flows of immigrants to the United States using the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census Bureau microsamples.... Based on the estimation of three sets of regression models for five overlapping samples of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and five mutually exclusive segments of the labor force, this analysis shows that the finding of a significant linkage between internal migration and immigration depends critically on the empirical experiment used. In direct opposition to previous published research, we conclude that net migration of the native born for metropolitan areas is either positively related or unrelated to immigration. Our models show that the net migration loss of unskilled native workers from metropolitan areas is probably a function of those cities' population size rather than immigrant flow to them. We conclude that the net migration loss of native-born workers from large metropolitan areas is more likely the result of industrial restructuring than of competition with immigrants."

Americas↗
PubMed1996

The impact of immigration on U.S. demographics.

The author discusses the impact of immigration on the demographic profile of the United States, with a focus on changes in the sources of immigration and the effect of U.S. migration policy. "The demographic destruction of the U.S. has been swift and dramatic. The transformation, made in constant contravention of popular mandate, has been unprecedented in the history of democratic societies. To better understand this phenomenon and the role which post-1965 immigration policy plays in it,...15 tables have been created and compiled from the official statistics of the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service."

Americas↗
PubMed1994

The household structure of second-generation children: an exploratory study of extended family arrangements.

"Using data from the Children of Immigrants Survey, the antecedents of extended family arrangements among [U.S.] immigrant households with children are examined. The incidence and form of such arrangements, especially the presence of grandparents, are analyzed in relation to single parenthood, national origin, cultural assimilation, and socioeconomic variables. The findings serve to underscore the complexity of the correlates of extended family arrangements. While there is a relationship with single parenthood, more research is needed on the economic basis for the presence of relatives in the household. The analysis uncovered the need to also treat presence of grandparents as an independent variable, especially in the cultural assimilation of children of immigrants."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1997

Female immigrants: a socioeconomic portrait.

"In this study, we supplement the limited knowledge about immigrant women by documenting their presence in the U.S. immigration flow and their socioeconomic standing. In doing so we review some of the theoretical explanations for female international migration.... We use two measures of inequality. First, the standing of immigrant women relative to native women; second, evaluation of the standing of immigrant women relative to immigrant men."

Americas↗
PubMed1990

[International migration in the context of the Netherlands].

The author reviews the literature on international migration concerning the Netherlands. Aspects of the Dutch situation are discussed, including the relatively low percentage of resident foreigners, their significant contribution to the country's population growth, and their relatively low level of employment. "The author favours immigration of highly qualified individuals for social, economic and psychological reasons, more economic cooperation with countries of origin, as well as a more stringent policy of integration, in the context of a more active and well considered immigration policy." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

[Dermatophytes and immigration].

An epidemiological study of dermatophytes was achieved during the years 1983-1984 in the Mycology Laboratory of Saint-Louis' Hospital. Immigrants represent an important part of the people who came to consult us: 28 per cent in 1983. The two most important immigrant peoples show different features: Black African people, who were mass contaminated by tinea agents (Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum langeronii), were not much contaminated by epidermophytic agents (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum). Conversely, in people from the Maghreb, if tinea (Trichophyton violaceum) were not numerous, epidermophyties were found in the same proportion than in native people. The transmission of various dermatophytes from one population to another seems quite easy to detect for tinea agents: Trichophyton soudanense, Microsporum langeronii and Trichophyton violaceum can contaminate native people. Microsporum canis often contaminates the children from the Maghreb, and rarely Black African children. But the transmission of epidermophytes is much more difficult to study, due to a lack of documents in the African countries involved. The Scytalidium and Hendersonula pathology recently discovered in France is almost exclusively restricted to Black immigrants from the West Indies and Africa.

Africa↗
PubMed1993

[Therapy with immigrant families].

This article illustrates through clinical examples a number of specific aspects related to work carried out with immigrant families. Topics include the disorganizing effects of immigration, the place of the father and magical thinking in immigrant families.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculosis and immigration.

Immigration has altered the epidemiology and clinical pattern of tuberculosis in the UK. Clinical awareness needs to be high because of a 25-fold increased incidence in immigrant subgroups. Drug resistance is also increased. New immigrants should be screened for tuberculosis.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1996

New Russian immigrants: health problems, practices, and values.

As with many ethnic immigrant groups, the Russian immigrants have experienced drastic cultural shock. Even thought there has been tremendous increases in the number of Russians relocating to the United States of America (U.S.A.), very little health care-related information is available about Russian immigrants. This article explores Russian immigrants' themes of potential stress, health problems, and self-care/self-help strategies as reported by a focus group of Russian immigrants in a large U.S.A. southern metropolitan city.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1997

Care: what it means to Iranian immigrants in New South Wales, Australia.

Discoveries of linguistic terms relating to care/caring can create better understanding of diversities in expression and experiences of care of different cultures. Such linguistic understandings and discovery of "meaning-in-context" can enhance communication toward unity in light of diversity. In order to gain an understanding of expression of care/caring for Iranian immigrants in New South Wales, Australia, linguistic terms in the Persian language as discovered are described. The study, conceptualised within Leininger's theory of Culture Care diversity and universality led to the discovery of 31 linguistic care terms in the Persian language, reflecting the emic view of care for Iranian Immigrants in multicultural Australia. Using Leininger's ethnonursing research method and in depth naturalistic interviews, five types of care were abstracted from recurrent patterning and saturation according to type and meaning of care were discovered and described. The five categories describe care as: action; (hamoyat, parastari), thoughts; (ba-fakr-ham-boodan), reflecting family ties; (hambastegie), care as being Iranian, reflecting Iranian identity; (inhamani, hamonandi). Finally, care as related to context and expressed in safety and peace; (amnieyat, aramash), describing Australia as a safe and peaceful place to live. This paper will attempt to share an Iranian immigrants' emic view of care.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed1998

Acceptance of isoniazid preventive treatment by close contacts of tuberculosis cases: a 692-subject Italian study.

SETTING: Villa Marelli Institute, Lombardy Regional Reference Centre for Tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acceptance of and adherence to isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) of close contacts of contagious tuberculosis (TB) cases (CC); comparison of Italian and immigrant patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of a consecutive series of 692 subjects (474 Italians and 218 immigrants from developing countries) exposed to contagious TB cases, who were offered IPT after tuberculin skin testing and chest X-ray, according to the Lombardy Regional Protocol for TB control. RESULTS: Of 692 CCs, 36 (5.2%) subjects refused IPT, 522 (75.5%) completed the treatment as prescribed, 23 (3.3%) suspended IPT because of adverse effects, 14 (2.0%) spontaneously discontinued IPT against our advice, 93 (13.4%) were lost to follow up, and seven (0.6%) were still in treatment when the present data were evaluated. Italian CCs had a completion rate significantly higher than the immigrants (81.0% vs 63.3%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The rate of acceptance and completion of IPT in our population proved higher than many previously reported data, and the better results among Italian subjects reflect the importance of a complete comprehension of IPT that may not always be achieved with immigrant patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[More than a century of international immigration into Argentina].

"From the second half of the 19th century, Argentina was, along with the United States and Brazil, one of the main destinations that attracted European emigration to America.... The arrival of more that six million people between 1869 and 1930 resulted in radical changes in the socioeconomic structure of the country. After the crisis of the 1930s the impact of a development plan based on the export of agricultural products waned and the economic growth accompanied with political instability generated a slowing decline of migratory flows, despite a new wave between 1945 and 1952. The decrease of international migration comes along with an important change in the composition by places of origin.... The article analyses the successive migratory policies of Argentina's government as well as the migrants' spatial distribution and their incorporation in the labor market." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed2005

Bodily pain and associated mental distress among immigrant adolescents. A population-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe differences among immigrant groups in bodily pain, and analyze its association with mental distress. METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out involving tenth grade pupils in Oslo. Of the 7,343 pupils that participated, one-quarter were first- or second-generation immigrants. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 was used to measure mental distress. All information on pain and mental distress was self-reported. RESULTS: Girls reported more bodily pain from all types of pain. Headache was the most prevalent pain site across gender and immigrant groups. Strong associations between mental distress and number of pain sites were found for all immigrant groups. Neck and shoulder pain yielded the highest odds ratio (OR) for mental distress among the majority of the immigrant groups. The Sub-Saharan African group had the highest adjusted OR for mental distress [OR=9.8 (1.1-82.7)] when reporting three or more pain sites, and the Indian Subcontinent the lowest [OR=4.0 (1.8-8.8)]. CONCLUSION: The differences in number and types of pain were small, though significant between the different immigrant groups. Adolescents from Sub-Saharan Africa seem to react with more mental distress to bodily pain than adolescents emigrating from the Indian Subcontinent.

Adolescent↗