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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Antibiotics and resistance in dermatology: focus on treating the elderly.

Although elderly patients are at an increased risk for skin infections, the chief culprits are no different than in younger patients. However, many of these organisms have developed resistance to antibiotics. Resistance increases the morbidity, mortality, and cost of treating infections. The mechanisms by which resistance occurs include efflux of antibiotic through a cellular pump, inactivation of the antibiotic by enzymes, or changes in the target affinity for the antibiotic. For dermatologic conditions in the elderly, documented resistance is seen in staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. Clinicians can reduce the development of resistance by following infection control and antibiotic use guidelines. To optimize the antibiotic effect and minimize adverse effects in the elderly, pharmacokinetic changes seen with aging should guide antibiotic choice and dosing.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual case of porocarcinoma of the foot with no clinically evident dermatologic manifestations.

Eccrine poromas are solitary nodules that predilect the soles of the foot. Rarely, malignancies may arise within these tumors. When this occurs, the growth is classified as a malignant eccrine poroma, or porocarcinoma. A case of a 39-year-old woman who originally presented with an incidental plantar skin lesion that was later diagnosed as a porocarcinoma is reported. The patient underwent local excision of the lesion and a sentinel node biopsy. At 18 months postoperative there were no signs of recurrence. This case has been presented to demonstrate that skin lesions with minimal abnormalities of skin texture or color, and slight elevation as the only dermatologic manifestation, can represent a malignancy.

Acrospiroma↗
PubMed2003

Topical photodynamic therapy: a new tool in cosmetic dermatology.

Topical photodynamic therapy is an evolving relatively new modality in dermatology. While widely used in Europe for treatment of actinic keratoses and skin cancer, topical photodynamic therapy is still relatively unfamiliar in the United States. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1999, photodynamic therapy is now being evaluated for superficial epidermal tumors, acne, and cosmetic applications. This article reviews recent advances in this field, with emphasis on skin rejuvenation, acne, and hair removal.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2001

Skin biopsy site selection in small animal dermatology with an introduction to histologic pattern-analysis of inflammatory skin lesions.

The skin biopsy is an invaluable diagnostic tool in veterinary dermatology. Biopsy site selection and interpretation of the biopsy report significantly influence the value of this procedure for diagnosing inflammatory skin diseases and are discussed in this article. Skin diseases often present with several different recognizable lesions that change significantly during their evolution. Individual lesions are typically heterogenous--some areas are diagnostic and some are not. Understanding which skin lesions to biopsy, and when and where to sample them, can significantly improve the value of information collected. To increase the information returned to clinicians for a biopsy, veterinary dermatopathologists have adopted the pattern-analysis method of classifying inflammatory skin lesions. This approach is based on recognizing morphologically distinct inflammatory patterns in skin biopsies and their association with particular sets of diseases. A basic knowledge of the pattern-analysis method is essential for maximizing the interpretation of skin biopsy reports.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Congenital varicella syndrome: a rare case of central nervous system involvement without dermatological features.

An unusual case of congenital varicella syndrome with significant central nervous system involvement, but without dermatological features at birth is described. The mother contracted chicken pox at 15 weeks' gestation. Congenital varicella syndrome involves multiple systems, but rarely without skin lesions identifiable at birth. Although varicella infection in pregnant women is an uncommon complication, the fetal embryopathy that may result can be devastating. Antenatal diagnosis of fetal embryopathy during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy should be established by amniocentesis or cordocentesis when a mother presents in the first trimester with chicken pox, and appropriate risk counselling provided.

Central Nervous System Viral Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Dermatological marks in athletes of artistic and rhythmic gymnastics.

The authors present dermatological signs in: a) rhythmic gymnastics athletes, b) male artistic gymnastics athletes, compared to a control group of fitness athletes. Athletes from the artistic gymnastics group were observed twice. The signs they showed on their first examination (20 days previous to the competition) were two circular zones of thickening of the skin with relation to the radial epiphysis. In all of them, two zones of frictional alopecia were present, one on the dorsal face of the forearms, slantwise outlined, the other on the wrists. A noticeable thickening of the skin was present on the palms of the hands. On a second examination, at the beginning of the training, after about two months of inactivity, the alopecic area was replaced by hypertrichosis, although featuring different patterns in each athlete. Thickening of the skin was slightly smaller than that observed at the first examination. The authors describe onychopathology shown in its different forms in 94 % of the athletes of the rhythmic group. Subsequently the authors discuss the pathogenesis of the above described signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications.

Potassium iodide (KI) is a useful drug in the dermatologic armamentarium. It is successfully used for inflammatory dermatoses, most notably erythema nodosum, subacute nodular migratory panniculitis, nodular vasculitis, erythema multiforme, and Sweet's syndrome. KI is also successfully used for cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. The precise mechanism by which KI acts is unknown. Although many minor side effects are common with this drug, major side effects can occur in pregnant patients and those with a history of kidney or thyroid disease. This article reviews the pharmacology, mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, and adverse effects of KI as a therapeutic agent.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Sinus pericranii: dermatologic considerations and literature review.

Sinus pericranii is a rare disorder characterized by a congenital or acquired epicranial blood-filled nodule of the scalp that is in communication with an intracranial dural sinus through dilated diploic veins of the skull. We describe two patients with sinus pericranii: a 3-year-old boy with a congenital lesion and a 3-year-old girl whose lesion appeared after head trauma. We discuss the clinical presentation, dermatologic manifestations, differential diagnosis, and management as described in the available published literature. Patients with sinus pericranii may be brought to the attention of dermatologists and dermatopathologists because of skin changes in the scalp or forehead. The diagnosis is difficult to make clinically, because the skin manifestations are highly variable and may resemble other disorders of the scalp and cranium. The potentially lethal complications including hemorrhage, infection, and air embolism warrant a high index of suspicion for sinus pericranii.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Skin of color: biology, structure, function, and implications for dermatologic disease.

People with skin of color constitute a wide range of racial and ethnic groups-including Africans, African Americans, African Caribbeans, Chinese and Japanese, Native American Navajo Indians, and certain groups of fair-skinned persons (eg, Indians, Pakistanis, Arabs), and Hispanics. It has been predicted that people with skin of color will constitute a majority of the United States and international populations in the 21st century. There is not a wealth of data on racial and ethnic differences in skin and hair structure, physiology, and function. What studies do exist involve small patient populations and often have methodologic flaws. Consequently, few definitive conclusions can be made. The literature does support a racial differential in epidermal melanin content and melanosome dispersion in people of color compared with fair-skinned persons. Other studies have demonstrated differences in hair structure and fibroblast size and structure between black and fair-skinned persons. These differences could at least in part account for the lower incidence of skin cancer in certain people of color compared with fair-skinned persons; a lower incidence and different presentation of photo aging; pigmentation disorders in people with skin of color; and a higher incidence of certain types of alopecia in Africans and African Americans compared with those of other ancestry. However, biologic or genetic factors are not the only ones impacting on these differences in dermatologic disorders. Cultural practices also can have a significant impact. Further studies are needed to help dermatologists optimally treat people with skin of color.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Health disparities in arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases-the dermatology session: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, December 15-16, 2000.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases hosted a diverse group of physicians and scientists to discuss health disparities in arthritis, musculoskeletal, and skin diseases. This article discusses the cutaneous disease portion of the conference. Speakers described a history of scarce information on cutaneous diseases in skin of color, problems with the data that do exist, and inappropriate use of dermatologic data. Basic descriptive data on the structure and function of skin in people of color is needed. For specific cutaneous diseases, information must be collected on their epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, complications, and therapeutics. Researchers are standardizing methods for studying keloidal scars, and are developing and validating measurement tools for cutaneous diseases in skin of color, such as atypical nevi, psoriasis, and hand dermatitis, but more is needed.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2003

Validation of the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Chronic Hand Dermatitis questionnaire in chronic hand dermatitis.

In a double-blind, randomized trial of 257 patients with chronic hand dermatitis, the validity, reproducibility, and responsiveness of the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire were established, and the sample size required to detect meaningful differences between treatment groups was estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Autoimmune thyroid diseases: etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) including Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and idiopathic hypothyroidism (atrophic Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is of vital concern to the dermatologist. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Recognition of dermatologic manifestations of AITD may alert practitioners to investigate for these disorders. The immune response involved in the pathogenesis of AITD is detailed. Current understanding of the role of genetic and environmental factors, antigens, and apoptosis are elaborated. The future holds exciting insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of AITD.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Dermatologic symptoms without signs. Seeking the cause of itching, pain, and burning.

A patient may seek medical help because of dermatologic itching, pain, or burning that is unaccompanied by visible lesions. Although referral to a dermatologist may be necessary, the primary care physician is at times able to manage such patients if he or she is aware of some of the common causative diseases, including preeruptive herpes zoster, polyneuritis, and aquagenic pruritus.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Somatization disorders in dermatology.

This paper reviews a wide range of somatization-related symptoms that are encountered in dermatology. These include the unexplained cutaneous sensory syndromes especially the cutaneous dysesthesias associated with pain, numbness and pruritus; traumatic memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which are experienced on a sensory level as 'body memories' and may present as local or generalized pruritic states, urticaria and angioedema; and unexplained flushing reactions and profuse perspiration, in addition to unexplained exacerbations of stress-reactive dermatoses such as psoriasis and atopic eczema secondary to the autonomic hyperarousal in PTSD; classic 'pseudoneurologic' symptoms associated with dissociation including unexplained loss of touch or pain, in addition to the self-induced dermatoses such as dermatitis artefacta and trichotillomania that are encountered with dissociative states; and body dysmorphic disorder where the patient often presents with a somatic preoccupation involving the skin or hair.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The advantages of aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in dermatology.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being increasingly employed in the detection and treatment of malignant and non-malignant disease. This local technique uses a photosensitizing drug activated by light to generate cell death via the production of reactive oxygen species. This review describes the fundamental processes behind PDT, focussing on the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). ALA itself is not a photosensitizing drug, but administration of exogenous ALA induces the build-up of the natural endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). This form of PDT has proved promising for the treatment of a number of dermatological indications. An overview of these current and potential applications of ALA-based PDT is presented, with emphasis on the advantages of the technique that make it especially suitable for skin conditions and the problem areas on which future research should be focussed.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed2005

The comorbid state of psoriasis patients in a university dermatology practice.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis treatment is frequently complicated by the various types and severities of disease as well as the large number of therapies available. Another critical consideration in treatment planning is the presence of comorbid diseases. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative prevalence of major comorbid disease states in patients with psoriasis and to identify significant predictors of these concurrent diseases in such patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 753 patients from an academic dermatology practice was performed. The patients were identified by ICD-9 code for psoriasis in billing records of patients seen between 1997 and 2000. Data on comorbidities were compiled from review of electronic chart notes from all physician visits in the university practice. RESULTS: Comorbid diagnoses were listed in 551 out of 753 (73%) charts. As would be expected, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and heart disease were the most common comorbidities; renal failure and hepatitis were least likely. Hepatitis was associated with use of systemic therapies (odds ratio = 2.19) and non-white race. When compared with national prevalence estimates, psoriasis patients had increased heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and emphysema; however, these findings must be interpreted with some caution. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid diseases are common in psoriasis patients and should be taken into account during treatment planning and surveillance; they may pose unique challenges in caring for patients with psoriasis, particularly those requiring systemic therapy.

Academic Medical Centers↗