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PubMed1998

[Distribution, serovar affiliation and epidemiologic behavior of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from ornamental bird breeds].

Investigations of faeces samples from breeding stocks of companion birds in the federal state of Thuringia revealed a high contamination rate of companion birds with Cryptococcus (Cr.) neoformans var. neoformans. The prevalence of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans correlated with the spectrum of bird species present in the respective breeding units. The causes for that are not clear at the moment. Sensitivity of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans towards alkaline agents was not confirmed and was ruled out as a reason for different tenacity of the yeast in various bird breedings. Differentiation of varieties within Cr. neoformans was possible on the basis of proline assimilation, determination of canavanine resistance, EDTA urease test, as well as Cr. neoformans var. neoformans factor sera and PCR fingerprinting. Serological differentiation of serovars and PCR fingerprinting resulted in subdivision of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans isolates into two groups, which corresponded to serovars A and D. A prevalence of serovar A isolates was found in investigated bird breeding stocks. This also corresponded to the distribution of Cr. neoformans var. neoformans described in literature in humans with cryptococcosis in Germany. Consequently, serovar A or D infections of patients may be connected with their contacts to Cr. neoformans-excreting companion birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Skin testing of guinea pigs and footpad testing of mice with a new antigen for detecting delayed hypersensitivity to Cryptococcus neoformans.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen, cryptococcin C184, for detecting delayed hypersensitivity in Cryptococcus neoformans-injected animals. The antigen was tested on guinea pigs which had received saline or C. neoformans and on animals sensitized to Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, or Sporothrix schenckii. A delayed-type hypersensitivity response was elicited by cryptococcin C184 in C. neoformans-injected guinea pigs, whereas no indurations or erythemas were seen at 48 h after skin testing of saline controls or heterologously sensitized guinea pigs. Besides being specific for Cryptococcus, the antigen showed a high degree of sensitivity and was reproducible. Footpad tests were conducted with the antigen on mice which had previously received either 10(5) viable C. neoformans cells or saline. Delayed hypersensitivity was indicated in the C. neoformans-injected mice by the increase in thickness of antigen-injected footpads when compared with the saline-injected footpads. In control mice, antigen- and saline-injected footpads were comparable in thickness 24 h after injection. Mice sensitized to B. dermatitidis were footpad tested with C184, and no cross-reactivity was demonstrated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2004

Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of a non-neoformans Cryptococcus species identified as C. laurentii, which was reclassified as Cryptococcus flavescens, from a patient with AIDS.

Cryptococcus flavescens, a strain originally identified as C. laurentii, was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an AIDS patient, and the soluble capsular polysaccharide of the yeast was investigated. Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) was obtained from C. flavescens under conditions similar to those used to obtain C. neoformans polysaccharide. However, the GXM differed from C. neoformans polysaccharide in the decreased O-acetyl group content. The structure of GXM was determined by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, NMR analyses, and controlled Smith degradation. These analyses indicated that GXM has the following structure: an alpha-(1-->3)-D-mannan backbone with side chains of beta-D-glucuronic acid residues bound to the C-2 position of the mannose residue. The C-6 position of the mannose is substituted with D-man-beta-(1-->4)-D-xyl-beta-(1--> disaccharide. Furthermore, the existence of side chains containing more than two xylose residues was suggested. This mannosylxylose side chain is a novel structure in polysaccharides of C. neoformans and other Cryptococcus species.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗