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PubMed1986

EXPERFARM: a new package in BASIC for teaching genetics.

We have developed two interactive computer programs (together referred to as EXPERFARM), which enable simulation of a great variety of genetic situations. This package is designed for teaching basic genetics as well as quantitative and population genetics. The main advantages of EXPERFARM are its great versatility, as different situations can be simulated by simply changing the inputs, and the small amount of training necessary for the users.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a manual wheelchair interface to computer games.

The sedentary lifestyle of many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has lead to cardiovascular diseases being a major health concern. A suitable exercise program may help improve the SCI individual's cardiovascular fitness level. GAMEWheels is an interface between a custom wheelchair roller system and a computer that enables an individual to control computer video games by driving his or her wheelchair. The purpose of Phase 1 was to evaluate the design of the GAMEWheels system and to determine the type of computer video game that is likely to motivate wheelchair users to exercise. Phase 2 included physiologic testing of wheelchair users and the GAMEWheels system to investigate whether the system elicits an exercise training response. Thirty-five subjects were recruited to evaluate the GAMEWheels by playing three commercial computer games (Phase 1) and to identify the computer game that they would prefer to use when exercising. The feedback from Phase 1 was used with test subjects to verify that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training effect (Phase 2). Phase 2 included 10 subjects using the GAMEWheels system to play Need for Speed II. During game play, physiologic data were collected and the subjects' oxygen consumption and heart rate were analyzed. Analysis showed that the GAMEWheels system induced nine subjects to reach their training zone, defined as 50% and 60% of their maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate, respectively. This study demonstrates that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training response.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Genome Annotation Transfer Utility (GATU): rapid annotation of viral genomes using a closely related reference genome.

BACKGROUND: Since DNA sequencing has become easier and cheaper, an increasing number of closely related viral genomes have been sequenced. However, many of these have been deposited in GenBank without annotations, severely limiting their value to researchers. While maintaining comprehensive genomic databases for a set of virus families at the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center http://www.biovirus.org and Viral Bioinformatics - Canada http://www.virology.ca, we found that researchers were unnecessarily spending time annotating viral genomes that were close relatives of already annotated viruses. We have therefore designed and implemented a novel tool, Genome Annotation Transfer Utility (GATU), to transfer annotations from a previously annotated reference genome to a new target genome, thereby greatly reducing this laborious task. RESULTS: GATU transfers annotations from a reference genome to a closely related target genome, while still giving the user final control over which annotations should be included. GATU also detects open reading frames present in the target but not the reference genome and provides the user with a variety of bioinformatics tools to quickly determine if these ORFs should also be included in the annotation. After this process is complete, GATU saves the newly annotated genome as a GenBank, EMBL or XML-format file. The software is coded in Java and runs on a variety of computer platforms. Its user-friendly Graphical User Interface is specifically designed for users trained in the biological sciences. CONCLUSION: GATU greatly simplifies the initial stages of genome annotation by using a closely related genome as a reference. It is not intended to be a gene prediction tool or a "complete" annotation system, but we have found that it significantly reduces the time required for annotation of genes and mature peptides as well as helping to standardize gene names between related organisms by transferring reference genome annotations to the target genome. The program is freely available under the General Public License and can be accessed along with documentation and tutorial from http://www.virology.ca/gatu.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Medical informatics: developments in West Germany and South Africa.

Comparisons are made between medical information systems in West Germany and South Africa. In both countries the costs and importance of medical information systems dictate that a methodological approach is essential in order to obtain a solution for a particular environment. The special implications for South Africa are (i) to work from user requirements to computer system, rather than the reverse; (ii) to institute training programmes for the professionals required to organize and staff such systems; and (iii) to prepare the groundwork for medical information systems by scrutinizing the existing types, amounts, flows and uses of medical information.

Computers↗
PubMed1988

PaperChase: computerized bibliographical retrieval for the physician.

PaperChase is a computer program that permits any physician or scientist to search the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE data base of references to the biomedical literature. Written for the clinician rather than for the search librarian, PaperChase permits the user to search the entire MEDLINE collection of over 5,000,000 references published in 4,000 biomedical journals dating back to 1966. PaperChase is now available throughout the world to anyone who has a computer terminal or personal computer, and a modem. No special training is needed for a successful search. There is no user's manual. Users can search by title word, Medical Subject Heading, author's name, journal title, year of publication, language of publication, or any combination of the above. Users can read abstracts online, and they can request that a photocopy of the full text of any article be mailed to them.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

The MAClinical Workstation Project at Georgetown University.

The intent of the MAClinical Workstation Project is to develop computer workstations for medical students of the sort they will use in future medical practice. The idea is to instill information query habits in the daily clinical activities of these young physicians-in-training. The Georgetown University Medical Center Library spearheads the project in conjunction with the School of Medicine. The library handles technical support, including software development, user training, equipment maintenance, and network installations. The project began in 1988 with nine Macintosh computers; today thirty machines are distributed throughout the Georgetown University Hospital conference rooms, faculty and resident offices, and at four affliated hospitals. The Macintosh computers are connected to the medical center's local area network (LAN) with access to the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and Library Information System (LIS) databases. The MAClinical workstations serve multiple educational purposes in the clinical setting. Primarily, students gain experience in medical informatics by using a variety of software systems installed at the stations: the H&P Writer, a history and physical system written in the C programming language, can be used by students to prepare the admission record on patients they examine; also, students can keep patient records, check findings against a diagnostic system, look up drugs and treatment protocols, develop medical sketches, and find additional information when needed in the medical literature.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

The LapSim: a learning environment for both experts and novices.

BACKGROUND: Simulated environments present challenges to both clinical experts and novices in laparoscopic surgery. Experts and novices may have different expectations when confronted with a novel simulated environment. The LapSim is a computer-based virtual reality laparoscopic trainer. Our aim was to analyze the performance of experienced basic laparoscopists and novices during their first exposure to the LapSim Basic Skill set and Dissection module. METHODS: Experienced basic laparoscopists (n=16) were defined as attending surgeons and chief residents who performed >30 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Novices (n=13) were surgical residents with minimal laparoscopic experience. None of the subjects had used a computer-based laparoscopic simulator in the past. Subjects were given one practice session on the LapSim tutorial and dissection module and were supervised throughout the testing. Instrument motion, completion time, and errors were recorded by the LapSim. A Performance Score (PS) was calculated using the sum of total errors and time to task completion. A Relative Efficiency Score (RES) was calculated using the sum of the path lengths and angular path lengths for each hand expressed as a ratio of the subject's score to the worst score achieved among the subjects. All groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Novices achieved better PS and/or RES in Instrument Navigation, Suturing, and Dissection (p<0.05). There was no difference in the PS and RES between experts and novices in the remaining skills. CONCLUSION: Novices tended to have better performance compared to the experienced basic laparoscopists during their first exposure to the LapSim Basic Skill set and Dissection module.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caring for Hispanic patients interactively: simulations and practices for allied health professionals.

Healthcare providers have a new tool for navigating the challenges of cross-cultural communication when treating Hispanic patients: CHISPA e-learning environment. CHISPA, which means "spark" in Spanish, stands for Caring for the Hispanic Patient Interactively: Simulations and Practices for Allied Health Professionals. It is a computer-based training program that provides solutions to both cultural and linguistic barriers to care. The program allows users to interact with Hispanic patients in realistic patient-care scenarios and receive feedback on their choices, along with a wealth of information on cultural variables, advice on overcoming language barriers, and language exercises to facilitate learning medical terms and expressions in Spanish.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

A Web-based assessment of bioinformatics end-user support services at US universities.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to gauge the availability of bioinformatics end-user support services at US universities and to identify the providers of those services. The study primarily focused on the availability of short-term workshops that introduce users to molecular biology databases and analysis software. METHODS: Websites of selected US universities were reviewed to determine if bioinformatics educational workshops were offered, and, if so, what organizational units in the universities provided them. RESULTS: Of 239 reviewed universities, 72 (30%) offered bioinformatics educational workshops. These workshops were located at libraries (N = 15), bioinformatics centers (N = 38), or other facilities (N = 35). No such training was noted on the sites of 167 universities (70%). Of the 115 bioinformatics centers identified, two-thirds did not offer workshops. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of university Websites indicates that a gap may exist in the availability of workshops and related training to assist researchers in the use of bioinformatics resources, representing a potential opportunity for libraries and other facilities to provide training and assistance for this growing user group.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2006

Stress detection in computer users through non-invasive monitoring of physiological signals.

he emerging discipline of Affective Computing pursues the development of computers that could interact with their users taking their affective states into account. For example, if a computer could detect when its user is experiencing stress, it could change the colors and sounds of its user interface to try to calm him/her down. Similarly, the pace of instruction in a computer-based training system could be adapted according to the stress level sensed in the pupil. The research described in this paper aims at the development of a stress detection approach based on automatic monitoring of physiological signals in the computer user. The paper describes the three main aspects of our work: experiment setup for physiological sensing, signal processing to detect the affective state and affective recognition using a learning system. Four signals: Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Pupil Diameter (PD) and Skin Temperature (ST) are monitored and analyzed to differentiate affective states in the user, in a non-invasive fashion. Results indicate that the physiological signals monitored do, in fact, have a strong correlation with the changes in emotional state of our experimental subjects when stress stimuli are applied to the interaction environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Teaching human genetics in biochemistry by computer literature searching.

We describe a new user-intense-learning experience that incorporates the teaching of clinical and research applications of human genetics in biochemistry while training first-year medical students to develop skills in computer access to the literature. Human genetics was incorporated into the biochemistry curriculum by providing each student with experience in on-line literature searching in MEDLINE, using Grateful Med, in order to write an abstract about a specific inherited biochemical disorder. We stressed the need for the students to obtain current information in order to understand and interpret the rapidly changing field of human genetics. We taught the students that the most efficient method of obtaining such information was by searching the medical literature via computer.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2001

Medical education with the Internet: a pilot training programme in reproductive medicine.

Following a detailed information technology survey in the South West Deanery, an Internet educational programme in reproductive medicine was constructed, delivered and assessed. The course followed a problem-based approach using case studies, using an education website and electronic mail (e-mail) to communicate between trainees and trainers. Independent evaluation revealed a high level of satisfaction for both trainees and trainers with an increase in trainees' confidence to deal with patients following the course. This study suggests that the Internet may be used effectively to deliver postgraduate medical education, if the training programme is designed appropriately to computer infrastructure and the computer literacy of the users.

Education, Distance↗
PubMed1990

The clinical 'end user'--a neglected resource in patient care?

In both medicine and science it is difficult to keep up to date with the large and rapidly increasing literature. Whilst a medical academic is likely to use electronic bibliographic databases for his research, he is less likely to use them in clinical practice. Although the potential advantages of an online search in a clinical situation have been appreciated for some time, in the UK it remains an under-utilised resource. In a pilot end user training project, 9 preclinical and 4 clinical academic staff were taught Data-Star command language together with methods of searching the Medline database. In the 12 weeks follow-up period only 1 of the 4 clinical staff had used online searches to help solve clinical problems. To maximise the use of bibliographic database searches in clinical practice, future end user training projects should aim to overcome the problems of the inaccessibility of computers and their command languages.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cost of implementing and maintaining a hospital-pharmacy-based online literature search system.

The costs of implementing and maintaining an online literature search system are described. The drug information service component of the department of pharmaceutical services pursued computerization to ensure the availability of timely and comprehensive drug information and to provide hands-on experience in computerized literature retrieval for its undergraduate and graduate students. Three major implementation costs were identified: the cost of purchasing the computer hardware, the expense of a training program for the online search program, and the ongoing user's fee for access to the databases. These implementation expenses were covered through nontraditional sources of funding, and no money was required from the hospital. The system received hospital-wide publicity through a number of prominent communication vehicles when it was implemented. In its first year, there were 448 requests requiring computer searches of a total 4150 requests for drug information. Of these 448, 255 originated from physicians, 138 from pharmacists, and 55 from nurses and drug manufacturers. Medline was the most frequently accessed database, accounting for 62.6% of the charges; Toxline accounted for 32.3% and miscellaneous files 5.1%. The average monthly charge (user's fee) was +238, which was within the initial projection for the yearly expense. Because of the success of this program, the system's costs were added to the operating budget of the drug information service.

Boston↗
PubMed1994

Developing a medical informatics education program to support a statewide health information network.

The Florida Health Information Network (FHIN) was established in October 1989 to provide biomedical information services to the University of Florida Health Science Center (HSC) and to health professionals throughout the state--especially the northern thirty-nine counties of the state. FHIN services are available to all affiliates of the HSC and by annual subscription to nonaffiliates. At present, FHIN services include database access, circulation services, document delivery, and information services. Training network users has been an objective since the inception. Training has targeted both the HSC Library staff and HSC users and now is expanding to include remote users. Because many users have had insufficient experience with computers, the library has to teach the mechanics of access and network use and to instruct users regarding applications and database searching. This paper describes the development and implementation of the medical informatics education program. Topics include library staff training; educational offerings for HSC faculty, staff, and students; development and implementation of the remote training program; and organizational and budgetary implications for the construction of such a program.

Computer Communication Networks↗