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PubMedDate not supplied

[Future thrusts in life sciences experimentation in space (USA)].

The major physiological problem areas confronting man in space are reviewed and major research questions that remain to be answered are identified. The need for thorough ground-based studies prior to the acquisition of inflight data is emphasized. Future experiments are seen to focus on mechanistic questions and on the development of preventive measures to disturbances in neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology, skeletal physiology and radiobiology since these areas have highest priority in future manned spacecraft operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of the proliferation of Paramecium tetraurelia aboard a satellite and aboard a stratospheric balloon].

A possible effect of cosmic rays on cell proliferation was investigated in cultures of Paramecium tetraurelia during a stratospheric balloon flight, with the techniques already used for the CYTOS experiments, performed aboard the orbital station Salyut 6. The results show that the stimulating effect of space on cell proliferation, reported in the CYTOS experiments, also occurs in the balloon flight. The respective roles of cosmic rays and weightlessness in the biological response are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of space flight factors at the cellular level: results of the Cytos experiment.

Paramecium tetraurelia was cultivated aboard the Soviet orbital station Salyut 6. Each culture included one cell, bacterized culture medium, and two small glass tubes filled with a fixative. Cultures were kept at a low temperature before Soyouz-Salyut docking. Cultures were maintained at 25 degrees +/- 0.1 degree C in orbit and were fixed every 12 h. The space flight resulted in an increase in cell growth rate and in cell volume. Measurements of cell dry weight and total protein content favour a higher cell water content. Respective roles of cosmic rays and microgravity are discussed. Cytos results are compared to those of previous space experiments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of measuring the charge and energy spectra of heavy nuclei on board the artificial Earth satellite Kosmos-936].

The measurements were performed using a package of dielectric track detectors mounted behind the shield of 60-80 kg.m-2 thick. The charge of nuclei was determined from the complete track length. As a result, 1915 tracks of nuclei with Z greater than or equal to 6 in the energy range 100-450 MeV/nuclon were detected and identified. The differential charge spectrum of nuclei with 6 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 28 and the energy spectrum of nuclei of the iron group were built. For iron nuclei the following ration of isotope groups was obtained: (Fe52 + Fe53 + Fe54): (Fe55 + Fe56 + Fe57) : (Fe58 + Fe59 + Fe60) = (0.30 +/- 0.08) = (0.49 +/- 0.10) : (0.21 +/- 0.05).

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytogenetic effects in exposure to high-energy charged particles].

The cytogenetic effects of irradiation were investigated in the bone marrow and corneal epithelium of mice, human white blood cells, and Stamm V79-4 cells of Chinese hamsters exposed to protons with E=9.2 GeV, deutons and helium ions with E=4.6 GeV/nuclon. It was demonstrated that with an increase in the irradiation dose the number of aberrant cells and chromosome aberrations grew. A high yield of exchange type aberrations was found. The proliferative activity of cells of bone marrow decreased and its depletion occurred. The RBE coefficients of high-energy particles varied from 1.3 to 2.7 in relation to the cell type and parameters measured.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Magnetoelectric charge states of matter-energy. A second approximation. Part VII. Diffuse relativistic superconductive plasma. Measurable and non-measurable physical manifestations. Kirlian photography. Laser phenomena. Cosmic effects on chemical and biological systems.

Experimental evidence suggests that all objects, and especially living objects, contain and are surrounded by diffuse clouds of matter-energy probably best considered as a superconductive plasma state and best analyzed by application of an extended form of the Einstein special theory of relativity. Such a plasma state would have physical properties that for relativistic reasons the experimentalists could not expect to measure, and also those he could expect to measure. Not possible to measure should be (a) absorption or reflection of light, (b) electric charge mobilities of Hall effects, and (c) any particulate structure within the plasma. Possible to measure should be (a) channel formation ("arcing") in high applied electric fields (e.g., as in Kirlian photography), (b) effects of the plasma on temperatures and potentials of electrons in solid objects moving through that plasma, (c) facilitation of coupling between electromagnetic oscillations in sets of adjacent molecules, resulting in facilitation of laser and maser emissions of electromagnetic waves and in facilitation of geometrical alignment of adjacent molecules, and (d) magnetic and electric flux trapping with resultant magnetic and/or electric dipole moments. Experimental evidence suggests that diffuse superconductive plasma may reach the earth from the sun, resulting in diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in rates of antigen-antibody reactions as well as in rates of precipitation and crystallization of solids from solutions.

Biophysical Phenomena↗