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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Characteristics of phenotypic specific and intraspecific features of fungal strains isolated from the organ ontocenoses in patients after renal transplantation].

Characteristics of phenotypic specific and intraspecific features of fungal strains isolated from the organ ontocenoses in patients after renal transplantation. The aim of present study was to describe 60 specific and intraspecific features of fungal strains isolated from the organ ontocenoses: oral cavity, rectum and genital organs in 32 patients undergoing permanent immunosupression after renal transplantation. Fungal strains identified using API 20 C and API 20 C AUX (bioMérieux). The activity of 19 hydrolases was investigated using API ZYM. Among 41 strains of fungi the following were found: Candida albicans (31 strains), C. glabrata (5), C. guilliermondii (2), C. krusei (2) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1). The number of fungal strains isolated from the oral cavity was the highest (21), less numerous from rectum (12) and the least from the genital organs (8). The enzymograms were described for all strains and the highest activity was noted in case of: e6 - leucine arylamidase, e11 - phosphatase acid, e3 - esterase (C4), e12 - naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. The activity of these enzymes is connected with higher pathogenicity of C. albicans strains.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of malaria endemicity by peptide ELISA.

Interest in mapping the malaria transmission has motivated a need to develop a simple serological assay in a defined population. Evaluation of coded samples by peptide ELISA provided a framework to estimate the malarial impact. Comparison of field data and ELISA OD values in different malariogenic areas shows how the disease has been more correctly interpreted. Here we provide an empirical approach to estimate Annual Parasite Index (API) as well as Equivalent Transmission Index (ETI) using a combination of epidemiological, parasitological and immunological data. We estimate that there were 3 different malariogenic status like low, moderate and high transmission zones based on their' ELISA OD values. Our indigenous developed ETI estimates are 10 fold higher than API reported by the Primary Health Centre. Our record indicates that incidences of malaria will continue to be underestimated unless we adapt an alternative strategy. In order to verify the scope of malaria surveillance, coded samples were tested. Comparison of ELISA OD, API and ETI of the coded samples indicated Rourkela had high, Shahjahanpur had moderate and Bangalore had the lowest malaria transmission. For mass blood slide examination, microscopic method is a tedious process prone to human error while largely automated ELISA could reduce the scope for human error and could be a supplement for microscopic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of Bacillus anthracis isolated in the Kruger National Park.

The biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of 44 Bacillus anthracis isolates, obtained from various localities and carcass remains of wild animals in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, were examined. The morphological characteristics tested for included: the formation of capsules on bicarbonate agar, the motility of the vegetative organism, the presence of haemolysis on blood tryptose agar, the sensitivity of the vegetative organism to bacteriophage, the production of lecithinase on egg yolk agar, the liquefaction (hydrolysis) of gelatine and the capability of each isolate to produce mucoid colonies when grown on bicarbonate agar with horse serum in an atmosphere containing CO2. The API 50CHB and 20E systems were used to evaluate the biochemical activity of each isolate. The virulence of each isolate was determined by its LD50, using an inbred line of Balb/C mice. A clear pattern in the biochemical reactions emerged that appeared to be specific for each isolate. On the API 50CHB test strip, only 2 of the 44 isolates gave a 100% positive reaction to all 10 of the biochemical substances to which it was supposed to react, 9 gave positive results to 90%, 19 were positive to 80%, and 14 were positive to 70%. The reactions on the API 20E were completely different from what was expected, with only 1 of the biochemical activities (gelatinase production) showing a positive reaction to all the isolates. The virulence test indicated that 27/44 isolates could be regarded as highly virulent with a LD50 of less than 1,000 organisms, and the rest of the isolates as virulent with a LD 50 of 1,001-10,000 organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Preliminary evaluation of sensititre system for identifying gram-negative bacilli.

The automated microdilution Sensititre System (Sensititre, LtD.) was evaluated for the identification of 120 clinically isolated fermenter and non-fermenter Gram negative bacilli and of 12 ATCC reference strains (American Type Culture Collection). Daily and overnight (5 and 18 hours) identifications were performed according to the manufacturer. In both cases, the results were compared with those obtained with the overnight API 20E (API System, La Balme les Grottes, Montalieu Vercieu) used as reference method. Concordance between the results obtained after 5 hrs of incubation and those obtained with API 20E was found in 65% of cases (acceptable identification criteria with probability over 80%). When results were determined after 18 hrs of incubation (identification criteria with probably over 80%) concordance was found in 82.5%. Reproducibility obtained by repeated (10 times) identification with four different strains was 100% both at 5 hrs and 18 hrs. Identification accuracy of the 12 ATCC strains was 8/12 (66.6%) after 5 hrs and 12/12 (100%) after 18 hrs.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of two systems for identifying coliform enterobacteria newly described or rarely found in clinical practice].

The API 20 EC and ATB 32 GN identification systems were compared for their ability to identify 231 coliform bacteria strains. Agreement with the identification given by conventional methods was achieved for 96.1 p. cent of strains by the API 20 EC gallery and for 95.9 p. cent by the ATB 32 GN system. Complementary tests were needed to identify 9.5 p. cent of strains using the API 20 EC system but 30.3 per cent using the ATB 32 GN system.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Bile duct adenomas in heterozygous (MZ) deficiency of alpha 1-protease inhibitor.

A case of bile duct adenomas in association with heterozygous (MZ) deficiency of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (API) is presented. The salient features were the presence of large API-containing globules in the adenomatous tissue and only minimally, in granular form, in hepatocytes. alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor was not demonstrated in portal bile ducts entrapped in the adenomatous tissue or in bile ducts present in the liver parenchyma. Bile duct markers such as cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigens were present in the adenomatous tissue and also in the normal bile ducts, but not in the hepatocytes, suggesting that the adenomatous structures are ductular in origin, and probably not from ductular metaplasia of liver cells. Accumulation of API is postulated to be a triggering factor in neoplastic transformation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Bio-environmental control of malaria in a tribal area of Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Bizadandi block of District Mandla was selected for demonstration of bio-environmental control of malaria. The project presently covers 80 experimental villages and 12 control villages. In this area, because of indifferent surveillance and spraying in the past (from 1978-86) the API was reported low and the parasite reservoir in the community had built up over the years. At the outset of the study the malaria prevalence was high with preponderance of P. falciparum. Densities of A. culicifacies were very high and A. fluviatilis was also present. P. falciparum predominated in both experimental and control area during 1988 than in 1987. Annual blood examination rate (ABER) was 73.6 and 57.5 and annual parasite incidence (API) was 114.7 and 228.0 in experimental and control villages in 1987, while in 1988, ABER and API was 63 and 73 and 112 and 316 in experimental and control, respectively. There was constant stabilization of Pf in neighbouring blocks in 1988 while in experimental areas Pf percentage has come down appreciably during March to June. It is very alarming to note that the parasite reservoir in control villages was sufficient to maintain active transmission even when antimalarial activities are at a peak. The application of residual insecticides like DDT and HCH has no tangible impact on the reduction in vector densities and the transmission of malaria. Even if a replacement insecticide like malathion is used it may produce very limited impact on vector densities in such forested zones. Thus, there is an urgent need to intensify integrated malaria control operations in the area on long term basis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term results after implantation of the femoro-popliteal vein graft in relation to preoperative values of the ankle pressure index and peroperative flow].

The authors investigated the importance of ankle pressure indices (aPi), peroperative blood flow and angiographic findings on peripheral arteries for the long-term patency of F-P venous bypasses. They found that neither the preoperative value of aPi nor the size of the peroperative flow through the bypass has an impact on the long-term patency of the reconstruction. As a result of general factors which lead to progression of the atherothrombosis in the arterial circulation in the implanted bypass, obstructions of the reconstruction occur even in patients with high preoperative aPi values and with a major preoperative flow, with patent peripheral arteries at the time of operation. To improve long-term results after implantation of F-P venous bypasses therefore above all prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis is essential.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vasorelaxant and natriuretic activities of synthetic atrial peptides.

The vasorelaxant and natriuretic activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptides (ANF) were compared by measuring relaxation of histamine-contracted rabbit aortic rings and changes in urinary sodium excretion in anesthetized rats. The peptides studied and their relation to pro-ANF were: atriopeptins (AP) I, II and III (ANF 103-123, 103-125, 103-126), cardionatrin (CN) (ANF 99-126), alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) (human 99-126) and a fragment of the last (hFrag) (human ANF 105-126). The concentration causing 50% relaxation (EC50) in the vasorelaxant assay for API was greater than that of the other peptides (p less than 0.05). The EC50 for hFrag was 20 times greater than that of alpha-hANP, but this difference was not statistically significant. API caused less natriuresis compared with the other peptides (p less than 0.05). The natriuresis induced by CN was significantly greater than that of the other peptides at the 485 pmol dose. These results indicated that, except for API, the peptides studied has similar vasorelaxant and natriuretic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Ribonuclease Ap1 from Aspergillus pallidus. Purification, primary structure and crystallization].

Extracellular guanyl-specific RNAase of the fungus Aspergillus pallidus (RNAase ApI) was isolated in preparative amounts with a 40% yield and purified to homogeneity (938-fold). The complete amino acid sequence of the protein (104 amino acid residues) was determined: 6 Asp, 4 Asn, 4 Thr, 14 Ser, 3 Glu, 4 Gln, 4 Pro, 15 Gly, 9 Ala, 4 Cys, 6 Val, 2 Ile, 4 Leu, 10 Tyr, 4 Phe, 3 His, 4 Arg, 1 Trp. RNAase ApI has a molecular mass of 11,029 Da and is homologous to the family of fungal extracellular guanyl-specific RNAases. The primary structure of the protein is close to that of RNAase C2 from Asp. clavatus and differs from it by only 4 substitutions of amino acid residues. Monocrystals of RNAase ApI were grown which can be used for the X-ray analysis of proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Thrombin decreases von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib.

Thrombin is a physiological agonist that promotes platelet aggregation and secretion. In this study we observed that thrombin can also inhibit a function of platelets related to primary hemostasis. Platelet stimulation by thrombin decreased the binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to glycoprotein (GP) Ib and decreased ristocetin-induced agglutination, in vitro reactions that correlate with initial platelet adhesion to the vessel wall. Binding of the monoclonal antibody API to GP Ib was also decreased. Cytoskeletal participation in the change of GP Ib was suggested because pretreatment of platelets with cytochalasin to prevent actin filament formation prevented the thrombin-induced decreases in vWF binding. API binding, and ristocetin-induced agglutination. Measurement of GP Ib in detergent extracts by electroimmunoassay demonstrated no loss after thrombin stimulation. Electroimmunoassay also demonstrated that the API epitope of GP Ib on intact thrombin-treated platelets was accessible for complete digestion by chymotrypsin. Therefore GP Ib was neither released from the platelet surface nor internalized by thrombin treatment. A previously recognized effect of thrombin is its induction of receptor sites on platelet surface GP IIb-IIIa for contact-promoting proteins, including vWF that are involved in the platelet spreading and aggregation that follow adhesion. Therefore the action on GP Ib may combine with the effect on GP IIb-IIIa to shift platelet reactivity from GP Ib-vWF-mediated initial contact with the vessel wall to GP IIb-IIIa-mediated spreading and aggregation.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Investigation of the effects of oral administration of ascorbate on the functional activity of serum alpha-1-protease inhibitor and oxidant release by blood phagocytes from cigarette smokers in a placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover trial.

The effects of oral administration of ascorbate (3 grams daily for 14 days) on the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of serum alpha-1-protease inhibitor (API) and on the profile of leukoattractant (FMLP) activated luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) responses of blood from 29 cigarette smokers were investigated in a placebo-controlled, doubleblind crossover trial. Relative to non-smokers the EIC's of serum API from cigarette smokers showed no detectable functional inactivation. However the blood LECL responses were significantly greater in smokers than in non-smokers (p less than 0.005). Serum EIC activity remained unchanged during the administration of ascorbate to cigarette smokers. However the early-occurring extracellular LECL responses of FMLP-activated blood from cigarette smokers declined significantly during intake of ascorbate by the 29 cigarette smokers. These inhibitory effects of ascorbate on the extracellular LECL responses were highly significant (p less than 0.005) in smokers (15/29) with elevated (1 X SD higher than the mean value for non-smokers) extracellular LECL responses, whilst the corresponding values in smokers with normal LECL responses remained unchanged during ascorbate administration. These results show that measurement of serum EIC capacity in the setting of normal API levels is of no value in the detection of smokers at high-risk for the development of smoking-related diseases or in the measurement of the potential protective activity of anti-oxidant supplementation. However, measurement of FMLP-activated LECL responses of whole blood may be useful in achieving these objectives.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of the ATB system and the 32 GN tests for the identification and determination of the antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum. Comparison with the reference dilution method in a gel medium].

The authors determined the susceptibility to 24 antibiotics of 95 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus variety anitratum with the automated API ATB System in comparison with the agar dilution method for MIC measurement. The strains have been identified with API 32 GN (automated system) and API NE. There was a good agreement between the two sets of identification results. In susceptibility tests the discrepancies ranged from 0.86% to 3% with a mean value of 1.8%. The overall agreement was 95% between the two methods. This study allowed the authors to define susceptibility phenotypes to the three major antibiotic classes: beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones. The use of 32 GN tests and ATB in the automated system seems very useful, especially in epidemiologic studies in order to analyse numerous data in a short time.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1986

Thoracic aorta as source of inflow in reoperation for occluded aortoiliac reconstruction.

We reviewed our experience with reoperations for recurrent obstruction occurring after aortoiliac or aortofemoral reconstruction. Patients who underwent successful transfemoral thrombectomy of the aortofemoral graft or femorofemoral crossover graft were excluded from the study. A more proximal source of inflow to revascularize the ischemic limbs was required in the remaining 35 patients. Bilateral reconstruction was performed in 22 patients. Operative indication was rest pain or necrosis in 36 limbs and severe claudication in 21 limbs. Preoperative ankle/brachial pressure index (API) ranged from 0.05 to 0.61. Thirteen patients (21 limbs, group I) underwent transabdominal reoperation. Since the transabdominal approach was considered hazardous because of multiple previous operations, the remaining patients underwent retroperitoneal descending thoracic aorta-femoral artery bypass (15 patients, 25 limbs; group II) or axillofemoral bypass graft (7 patients, 11 limbs; group III). No statistically significant difference was present between the three groups in regard to the operative indication, API, and angiographically determined outflow (analysis of variance, p greater than 0.2). Axillofemoral bypass was preferred in patients with severe chronic pulmonary disease. Postoperative deaths (2 of 35 patients) and morbidity (6 of 35 patients) had a similar incidence in the three groups (p greater than 0.2). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 120 months (mean 37 months). The 5-year actuarial patency rate was 80.5% for group I and 80.2% for group II. In group III it was statistically lower (32.9%, p less than 0.05). Serial measurement showed a significant decrease of API in group III compared with group I and group II. We conclude that retroperitoneal descending thoracic aorta-femoral artery bypass is a valid alternative to transabdominal reoperation when exposure or availability of the abdominal aorta poses a specific hazard and is preferable to axillofemoral bypass in terms of long-term patency and hemodynamic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Biochemical characterization of species in the genus Listeria].

Seventy Listeria strains, including L. monocytogenes (30 strains), L. ivanovii (9), L. innocua (11), L. welshimeri (6), L. seeligeri (10), L. grayi (2) and L. murrayi (2) were subjected to biochemical characterization. The biochemical tests selected comprised: Api 50CH, Api 20E and Api Zym strips, hydrolysis of DNA and tween 20, 40, 60, 80, egg yolk agar reaction, growth in the presence of 7,5 and 10% NaCl, growth at 42 degrees C and 45 degrees C, and susceptibility to antibiotics and trypaflavin. No further marker in addition to previously described ones, allowing to distinguish L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. welshimeri and L. seeligeri could be detected. L. grayi and L. murrayi differed from the other Listeria species by gluconate fermentation, lack of phosphoamidase and acid phosphatase and susceptibility to trypaflavin.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1985

[Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae: evaluation of 3 commercial systems].

We have compared three rapid systems for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae: MS-2, Rapid 20E, Micro-ID. These methods allows to identifications of bacteria within 4-5 hours. We have chosen API 20E as reference system; because it is normally used in the clinical microbiology laboratories. We have noted good agreement of concordance for MS-2, Micro-ID and Rapid 20E towards API 20E, respectively 95, 90, 84%. We have, moreover, analysed significative difference about three systems biochemical tests in comparison with the same of API 20E.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1983

Trypsin-inhibitory activities of acid-stable fragments of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor in inflammatory and uraemic conditions.

The concentration in serum of the acid-stable Mr 30.000 fragment of the Inter-alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor (SPI), and the acid-stable Mr 14.000 fragment of the inhibitor prepared by trypsin by digestion of the acid-precipitated serum proteins (API) was determined. A considerable increase in concentration of SPI and a decrease in concentration of API were observed in inflammatory conditions. In uraemic conditions the concentration of SPI was increased while that of API was unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of 2 systems for identifying nonfermenting or fermenting oxidase-positive gram-negative bacilli].

The N/F FLOW and API 20 NE identification systems were compared for their ability to identify 182 strains of either non-fermentative or fermentative oxidase-positive gram-negative bacilli. Agreement with the identification given by conventional methods was achieved for 91,7 per cent of strains by the API System but for only 81,9 per cent of strains by the N/F System. Complementary tests were needed to identify 35,4 per cent of strains using the API System but 65,2 per cent using the N/F System.

Bacteriological Techniques↗