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PubMed1994

Interactions of lysozyme with hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymethacrylate stationary phases in reversed phase chromatography (RPC).

Two silicas, one with a mean pore diameter of 30 nm and the other non-porous, were coated with polymethacrylates of increasing hydrophobicity in the sequence: poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (P2HEMA)1 polyethylmethacrylate (PEMA) and poly-n-octylmethacrylate (POMA). Association constants, Kass, between lysozyme and the coated silicas were determined by means of frontal analysis, and the apparent heats of adsorption, delta Happ, by means of microcalorimetry. Using Kass and delta Happ the changes in the apparent free energy, delta Gapp, and in the apparent entropy, delta Sapp, were calculated at a concentration of lysozyme < 10 mumol/l. The association between the lysozyme and the coated silica gave negative delta Happ and delta Sapp values. The delta Sapp values calculated from the experimental data in the absence of an added electrolyte and with 0.1 M sodium perchlorate present to be -12 (-96) J/mol deg on the P2HEMA silica, -27 (-51) J/mol deg on the PEMA silica, -98 (-186) J/mol deg on the POMA silica, respectively. The high delta Sapp value of the lysozyme on the POMA silica reflects a kind of stabilisation effect due to the conformational changes of lysozyme on the most hydrophobic POMA silica. As evidenced by RPC, lysozyme elutes on the POMA column in its totally unfolded form enabling a more disordered conformation with respect to entropy than in the native form.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1990

Drug metabolism in end-stage liver disease. In vitro activities of some phase I and phase II enzymes.

The activities of a number of drug metabolising enzymes were measured in liver samples obtained from three groups of subjects: normal donors, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and patients with other types of liver disease. In the latter group, all the enzyme activities determined were impaired relative to the normal group. In the PBC group, however, enzyme activities were altered more selectively. (a) Activities of the methyl cholanthrene-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450 were decreased compared to normal controls, whereas the activities of the phenobarbitone-inducible isozymes were relatively unaffected. (b) Sulfotransferase activities were decreased significantly compared to the normal group, whereas sulfatase activities remained unaltered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Phase II randomized trial of radiotherapy alone vs the sequential use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Phase II trial of chemotherapy alone in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.

In order to clarify if the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy offered any advantage over radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer, 33 patients were randomized between radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, then chemotherapy again. Chemotherapy consisted of a combination of cisplatinum, VP-16 and adriamycin. Twenty-four patients with stage IV disease received the same chemotherapy regimen alone for six cycles. Median survival for stage III patients receiving radiotherapy alone was 5 months. For patients receiving the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy median survival was 11 months (log-rank test, P = 0.025). Median survival for stage IV patient receiving chemotherapy alone was 15 months. It is concluded that the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is significantly superior to radiotherapy alone in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The interaction of L-triiodothyronine and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on Ah-receptor-mediated hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes and iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in thyroidectomized rats.

Across all levels of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) treatment, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) resulted in increased hepatic cytochrome P-450-associated activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). The treatment of thyroidectomized rats with L-T3 at physiologic replacement levels in concert with TCDD produced an increase in ECOD, EROD and AHH activity above that seen with only TCDD. TCDD as well as L-T3 enhanced the activity of hepatic 1-naphthol glucuronyl transferase (NGT). In addition, the combined effect of L-T3 and TCDD resulted in similar levels of induction of NGT at both physiologic and supraphysiologic doses of L-T3. TCDD treatment resulted in elevated serum T3 levels at both physiologic and supraphysiologic levels of L-T3. One TCDD dose inhibited hepatic microsomal 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) 5'-deiodinase activity by 61% in thyroidectomized, T3-untreated rats. The inhibition of 5'-deiodinase activity was partially overcome by increasing the T3 dose.

Animals↗