Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “decompression”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Three cases of spinal decompression sickness treated by U.S. Navy Treatment Table 7.

For patients of type 2 decompression sickness, recompression therapy using U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6 (TT6) and its extensions is the most common means of treatment. However, some cases are resistant to the recompression therapy, and the outcome of TT6 is not always satisfactory. Although a new table, the U.S. Navy Treatment Table 7 (TT7) was described in 1985 in the U.S. Navy Diving Manual, to date few cases who were treated using TT7 have been reported. Here, we report three cases of spinal decompression sickness who received treatment according to TT7. Two were sports scuba divers, and the other a commercial diver. TT7 was applied later than 4 d after onset in all three cases; two patients were remarkably improved during the recompression therapy, while the other improved to a certain extent after additional repetitive TT6. Mild impairment of lung function, probably due to pulmonary oxygen toxicity, was observed on lung function testing in one case. In all cases, after additional TT6 and/or rehabilitation, patients were able to return to active daily living.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decompression and stable internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in children can affect the outcome.

Pediatric femoral neck fracture is rare and known to be associated with a high complication rate. The effect of early decompression and operative fixation is not frequently reported in the literature. This is a retrospective study of 14 patients younger than 16 years with traumatic fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region over a 10-year period with a follow-up of 2-11 years (mean, 4.6 years). Road traffic accidents and falls from a height were the main causative factors, and the fractures were subclassified into transcervical, 58%; intertrochanteric, 29%; transepiphyseal, 7%; and cervicotrochanteric, 7%. Of all the fractures, 10 (71%) were displaced. Decompression of the hip by aspiration and closed reduction and internal fixation was performed for all the displaced fractures within 24 h after admission. Three cases required open reduction. Complete fracture healing and functional recovery was achieved in 13 patients with only one delayed union. No patient had radiographic evidence of avascular necrosis. When compared with earlier studies, the current aggressive management protocol for displaced fracture significantly minimized the complications of avascular necrosis, non-union, delayed union, and premature physeal closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Immune function in hyperbaric environments, diving, and decompression.

The purpose of this review is to examine the influence of exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) deep diving, and decompression on various facets of the immune response. Potential changes during exposure include a decrease in the CD4+:CD8+ ratio, a decreased proliferation of lymphocytes, and an activation of neutrophils with migration to regions of high oxygen pressure. There may also be an activation of the complement cascade during decompression. Clinical indicators of overall immune suppression include a decreased response to antigens, a weakening of autoimmune responses, and a slower rejection of allografts. In professional divers, immune changes are at least partially offset by acclimatization, and seem to have little clinical significance. However, patients receiving HBO2 are a more vulnerable group; in their case, exposure may impair immune surveillance, and a careful monitoring of immune function may be important to the success of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fibroblast response to rapid decompression and hyperbaric oxygenation.

INTRODUCTION: The cellular basis for symptoms associated with rapid decompression and the use of hyperbaric oxygenation treatment (HBO) is not established. METHODS: Image analysis, sulforhodamine B assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation were used to identify cellular changes associated with rapid decompression (RD) or hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Human fibroblasts were exposed to RD or HBO and compared with untreated cells. Immediately following treatment, the fraction of cells synthesizing DNA was measured by detection of cells incorporating the BrDU. At 1 d and 3 d following the treatments, total cell protein adherent to the bottom of wells was measured using a sulforhodamine B assay. Cell density was observed with light microscopy and quantified with image analysis. RESULTS: RD increased total protein significantly, (p < 0.05) relative to control, while HBO had less effect. The fraction of cells synthesizing DNA was increased by HBO and reduced by RD relative to control (p < 0.05). Image analysis showed that cell density at day 1 was: control>HBO>RD; and at day 3: RD>HBO>control, indicating an increase in proliferation induced by the treatments. CONCLUSION: This data shows that HBO and RD increase the proliferation of fibroblasts for 24 h following treatment. HBO increased DNA replication. While there was a decrease in DNA replication following RD, protein synthesis was enhanced.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1999

Hyperbaric chamber-related decompression illness in a patient with asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis.

An asymptomatic 46-yr-old male sustained an acute neurologic insult, appearing during the decompression phase of a 50-m dry hyperbaric chamber dive. The right hemisyndrome was most probably related to diving, since symptoms responded rapidly to the early commenced recompression therapy. Further diagnostics revealed a previously unknown pulmonary sarcoidosis with bilateral pulmonary opacities and pleural adhesions that might have predisposed to arterial gas embolism secondary to pulmonary barotrauma. This case may illustrate a potential risk of decompression illness even during dry chamber dives in patients suffering from asymptomatic pleuro-parenchymal pulmonary disease. The value of chest X-ray in the medical assessment of fitness to dive is therefore emphasized.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

[Structural changes in the parenchymatous organs in animals in venous gas embolism of varying intensity and acute decompression disease].

Structural changes in tissues of liver, kidneys and lungs were studied in guinea pigs in post-decompressive gas venous embolism of high and low intensity. In moderate gas venous embolism cells of the organs studied display cytoplasm vacuolization due to the rupture of inner mitochondrial membrane and appearance of single rounded spheroidal structure with homogeneous contents situated near the cell nuclei that were thought to reflect formation of gas bubble within the cell. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of formation of chronic decompressive disorders in asymptomatic gas formation are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Decompression sickness after diving and following flying].

A case of delayed symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) after diving and flying is reported. The diver presented with classical signs of type 2 DCS, probably caused by air travel 16 hours after SCUBA diving. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in a decompression chamber was successful. Guidelines to prevent DCS for recreational divers who plan to fly after diving are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Intra-orbital decompression of the optic nerve by opening the peri-optic meninges in the treatment of severe optic neuropathies complicating benign intracranial hypertension].

Papilledema from benign intracranial hypertension can cause severe loss of visual acuity and visual field, with an optic neuropathy. We report a study of 5 patients with benign intracranial hypertension, and severe visual loss (visual field loss and visual acuity reduced to 1/10 or less) not improved by medical therapy (acetazolamide). We performed unilateral orbital decompression of the optic nerve sheath. No major operative complication was noted. Follow-up ranged from 11 months to 23 months, with an average of sixteen months. Visual function improvement was noted within 3 months after operation in 4 patients (for 2 eyes on the surgical side improvement of 2/10 and 5/10, for 3 eyes on the opposite surgical side average improvement of 4.6/10). The other patient showed improvement, but no significant. Optic nerve sheath decompression in benign intracranial hypertension seems to be a safe procedure and a therapeutic option in the management of raised intracranial pressure complicated by optic neuropathy with severe visual loss.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[NMR in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic lesions in decompression sickness].

The case of a decompression sickness in woman, diving to 26 meter depth is reported. The patient was helped by instructor's computer (error!) and she presented risk factors for embolic disease (obesity, smoke, estroprogestinic therapy). She presented with many symptoms of decompression sickness during immersion and during re-ascent (headache, vertigoes and paresthesias). She was not treated on the place of incident, but only 36 hours later at our center of hyperbaric medicine. Her Magnetic Resonance imaging showed hyperintensity lesions of white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Results of 62 optic nerve sheath decompressions].

The authors present results of optic nerve sheath decompression in 62 eyes. The decompression surgery was performed for progressive form of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in 25 eyes, optic nerve head drusen in 19 eyes, normal tension glaucoma in 7 eyes (+1 reoperation), chronic optic disc oedema in pseudotumor cerebri in 5 patients, central vein occlusion (CRVO) in 2 patients, CRVO combined with NAION in 2 patients, amiodarone optic neuropathy in 1 patient. Results of our long-term study enable us to suggest this method of treatment for vision-threating optic neuropathies after thoroughly balanced assessment of possible risks and gains.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Extended anterior cervical decompression without fusion: a long-term follow-up study.

We report the long-term outcome in 80 patients who had undergone extended anterior cervical decompression without fusion for cervical nerve root or spinal cord compression. Follow-up ranged from 2 years 4 months to 13 years. Five patients had died from causes unrelated to the original pathology or the surgery. Of the remaining 75 patients, 66 (88%) were symptom free or clearly improved, eight (10%) were unchanged and one patient (1.5%) was worse. Sixty-eight patients (91%) were satisfied with the outcome of treatment. Nineteen patients (25%) had some degree of residual neck pain, but in none was this a major problem. Three patients had required subsequent surgery for cervical disc protrusions at levels adjacent to the first operation, while two patients had developed foraminal stenosis at the level of the surgery and had undergone foraminotomy. One patient had developed a symptomatic flexion deformity. Radiological assessment revealed bony fusion in 71%, some degree of flexion deformity in 13% and some degree of foraminal stenosis in 38%. Our results suggest that the initial good results of extended anterior cervical decompression without fusion are maintained long-term. Although a small number of patients eventually develop problems that might be avoided by an initial spacing procedure/formal fusion, these are no greater than the immediate problems associated with the harvesting and insertion of a bone graft.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed1999

Effect of anti-C5a antibody on blood-lung and blood-brain barrier in rabbits after decompression.

The complement activation product C5a may be an important mediator of tissue injury after decompression stress. This study investigated whether the administration of anti-C5a antibody may reduce changes after decompression in the lung and in the brain. Two groups of rabbits were used; one receiving anti-C5a monoclonal antibody (n = 7) and the other receiving a sham antibody as control (n = 7) before pressure exposure. Five rabbits (4 in the anti-C5a group and 1 in the control group) died during the 2-h observation period postdive due to massive bubbling. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of lung tissue and pulmonary edema was observed, but this accumulation was unaffected by anti-C5a pretreatment. However, a significant positive correlation was observed between PMN accumulation and survival time postdive. Brain-specific gravity was lower for the group treated with anti-C5a antibody compared to the control group. Further, it was lower for those rabbits that died early compared to the ones that survived the 2-h period. This study was unable to prove a protective effect on the blood-brain and blood-lung barrier by injecting anti-C5a antibody. A possible beneficial effect of anti-C5a antibody may be masked by the mechanical damage caused by the gas bubbles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Extracranial optic nerve decompression: a 10-year review of 92 patients.

Over a 10-year period the authors have performed 92 transethmoidal optic nerve decompressions for the treatment of visual loss due to various pathological processes, including 45 cases of trauma, 32 cases of neoplasm, 2 cases of bacterial pansinusitis, 5 cases of sphenoethmoidal mucocele, 4 cases of aspergillosis (all were immunocompetent patients), 2 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis, and 2 cases of sarcoidosis. Forty-eight patients (52%) had preoperative visual acuity of light perception or better, and in 44 patients (48%) the preoperative vision was no light perception. Sixty-five patients (71%) achieved improvement of vision postoperatively. Twenty-four patients (26%) had no change in vision and 3 patients (3%) had deterioration of vision after surgery. The mean percentage of improvement was 40.7% +/- 6.9% in the trauma group, 61.6% +/- 23.2% in the neoplasm group, 66.4% +/- 25.2% in the infectious/mucocele group, and only one patient in the inflammatory group had slight visual improvement from no light perception to counting fingers. Extracranial optic nerve decompression can result in the improvement of visual function in some patients with optic nerve injury from various causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Core decompression for osteonecrosis of the femoral head at pre-collapse stage.

Twenty-five patients (27 hips) were retrospectively studied for core decompression in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral heads at pre-collapse stage, Ficat and Alert stages I and II, from Apr. 1984 to Jun. 1998 with follow-up period at least 1 yr (mean 28 months). Eleven hips (10 patients) were considered to have failed due to progressive collapsed more than 2 mm, severe pain or reoperation. We further analyzed the results with regard to the stages, the size of the necrotic area according to the Ohzono classification, the lateral head index (LHI) and the Kerboul combined necrotic angle. The survival rate according to the Ohzono classification was type 1B: 100%, 1C: 44%, 2: 25%, and 3B: 0%. Hips with Kerboul angle less than 250 degrees revealed satisfactory results in all except one hip. All hips with Kerboul angle more than 250 degrees collapsed. Fourteen of the 15 hips (93%) with lateral head index more than 20% did not collapse and all hips except one (7/8) with LHI less than 12% collapsed. We conclude core decompression yields satisfactory results in osteonecrotic femoral heads at pre-collapse stage and with small necrotic area or good lateral buttress.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial: twenty-four-month update.

OBJECTIVE: To describe visual acuity outcomes of patients in the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial (IONDT) after 24 months of follow-up. DESIGN: The IONDT is a single-masked, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. SETTINGS: Patients were evaluated and followed up at 25 clinical centers located throughout the United States. Data were sent to and analyzed at a central coordinating center. PATIENTS: Two hundred fifty-eight patients 50 years or older with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and visual acuity of 20/64 or worse, but better than no light perception, were randomized to either a careful follow-up group (n=131) or an optic nerve decompression surgery (ONDS) group (n=127). Of these, 174 continued participation for at least 24 months, 89 in the careful follow-up group and 85 in the ONDS group. METHODS: Randomized patients underwent a standard visual acuity examination at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was a change of 3 lines or more of visual acuity, defined as a difference of 0.3 in logMAR scores, between baseline and 6 months of follow-up. A secondary outcome was mean change in visual acuity (in logMAR units) at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following baseline. These changes were estimated using available data from all randomized patients for whom we had data. RESULTS: Of the 258 patients randomized, 143 (55.4%) were male, and 169 (65.5%) were 65 years or older. Mean visual acuity was statistically significantly improved from baseline value at all study visits and for both treatment groups, although visual acuity declined gradually in both groups after the 3-month visit. There were no significant differences between careful follow-up and ONDS in mean change in vision from the baseline and any follow-up time point. At 24 months of follow-up, 31.0% of patients in the careful follow-up group and 29.4% of patients in the ONDS group experienced an increase of 3 or more lines of vision compared with baseline acuity; 21.8% of patients in the careful follow-up group and 20.0% of patients in the ONDS group experienced a decrease of 3 or more lines. In patients who could read at least 1 letter on the Lighthouse chart, there was a gradual decline in mean visual acuity noted over time for both treatment groups, although acuity remained significantly better than at baseline. CONCLUSION: Analysis of visual acuity data from patients enrolled in the IONDT at 24 months of follow-up confirms that there is no benefit of ONDS compared with careful follow-up in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:793-798

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Orbital decompression in Grave's disease: comparison of techniques].

Grave's ophthalmopathy is an inflammatory, autoimmune disorder often associated with Grave's disease. The inflammatory infiltration involves the retrobulbar fatty tissue and the extrinsic eye muscles, causing proptosis, extraocular muscle dysfunction and often diplopia. Orbital decompression is an effective treatment in such cases, particularly when resistant to drugs and external radiation therapy. This work compares the results of orbital decompression performed by removing: a) the medial and lateral walls (Mourits technique) in 10 patients (19 orbits) and b) the medial and lower walls (Walsh-Ogura technique) in 17 patients (31 orbits). The results show that removing the floor of the orbit enables better reduction of proptosis but more easily leads to post-operative diplopia. Thus it proves necessary to combine the two techniques, modifying the surgical approach on a case-by-case basis.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

[Decompression sickness in divers treated at the Israel Naval Medical Institute between the years 1992 to 1997].

Clinical characteristics of 125 divers treated for decompression sickness (DCS) in the hyperbaric multiplace chambers of this Institute during 1992-1997 were analyzed retrospectively. In 62 (51%) the diagnosis was DCS Type I (joint pain or skin involvement) and in 60 (49%) DCS Type II (neurological, inner ear or pulmonary disease). Risk factors for the evolution of DCS were depth and duration of the dives involving accidents, violation of recommendations of the decompression tables, and repeated dives. Results were available for 112 of the 125 patients. 54 of them (48%) recovered completely, and another 54 recovered partially; 4 did not respond to treatment. Inner ear DCS was less responsive to hyperbaric oxygen treatment (p = 0.0001). There was significant improvement of neurological function in those with severe neurological injury (p = 0.0001). Rapid diagnosis and transportation of divers with DCS to a hyperbaric chamber is of crucial importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Neurological recovery following posterior decompression of spinal secondaries.

This is a retrospective study comprising 45 patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy due to secondary malignancy in the spine. There were 31 males and 14 females. Two of them had no weakness, one was treated for radicular pain and the other for severe intractable back pain. Forty-three patients presented with weakness of the limb of which six patients were able to walk unaided, four with an aid, twenty four were unable to walk of which eleven of them were completely paralysed. Nineteen of the patients had urinary incontinence. Out of 10 patients in Frankel's D, 3 of them regained almost normal power post operatively and were able to walk without any aids at the time of discharge. There were 6 patients in Frankel's C and 2 improved. Of 17 patients in Frankel's B, 6 of them improved and were able to walk with walking aids. Only one out of ten patient from Frankel's A had showed an improvement. A total of three patients deteriorated post operatively and all of them presented with multiple level involvement. There was no change in the post operative status of the two patients who did not have weakness. Overall only 27% of the patient showed improvement following decompressive laminectomy.

Adolescent↗