Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SYNOVIAL FLUID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

T lymphocyte lines from arthritic synovial fluid: establishment and function.

T lymphocyte lines have been established, with the addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2), from the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with arthritis. Characterisation of seven of these SF-derived T cell lines showed them to be T3+, T11+, and to contain a significant proportion of T8+ cells (mean 41%). The proportion of T4+ cells varied among the lines, with a mean T4+/T8+ ratio of 0.6. A significant autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was observed only in one of four T cell lines assayed. Two of four lines assayed showed natural killer (NK) cell-like activity, while one line displayed a significant suppressor activity, suggesting that the T cell population in SF contained NK-like cells or suppressor cells, or both, either of which may be selected in the establishment of SF-derived T cell lines.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2000

[Acid-base balance parameters of the synovial fluid in patients with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis].

AIM: To study changes in acid-base balance (ABB) of synovial fluid (SF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in respect of the disease duration, clinical symptoms and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of verified RA patients included clinical, x-ray, immunological and special tests. The patients received nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs, 2 weeks later--physiotherapy followed by 10-day basic treatment (tauredon, methotrexate or cyclophosphamide). RESULTS: Before the treatment, SF acidotic shift was found in all the patients. The shift correlated with activity of the inflammation, serologic affiliation to the rheumatoid factor, presence of systemic manifestations, x-ray signs of the articular changes in response to the treatment. Attenuation of the inflammatory process accompanies an increase in SF acidotic shift. In administration of methotrexate SF pH was higher than in the use of other drugs. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant ABB correctors are recommended for RA patients.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phospholipase activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and crystal-associated arthritis.

Phospholipase activity was assayed in cell-free synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 28), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 10), and crystal-associated arthritis (C, n = 7) by measuring the release of either [14C]oleic acid or [3H]arachidonic acid from radiolabeled E. coli phospholipids. Activity measured by oleic acid release was not significantly different between the three groups of patients (RA = 571 +/- 43.3, OA = 460 +/- 54.7 and C = 718 +/- 162.6 pmol/min/mg). Arachidonic acid release was significantly (p less than 0.005) less in OA (31 +/- 7.3) than RA (61 +/- 4.7) which was similar to C (58 +/- 17.6 pmol/min/mg). Arachidonic acid release correlated significantly with the SF white blood cell count (r = 0.483, p less than 0.01). This study shows the importance of the type of substrate used to measure phospholipase activity and indicates that differences in the capacity to release arachidonic acid may exist between RA and OA disease states.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic significance of synovial fluid analysis in estimating the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injection in patients with spondylarthropathy.

The predictive value of synovial fluid (SF) analysis and some other variables for the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy of knee joints in 20 patients with spondylarthropathy and hydropsy in a knee joint was estimated in a prospective study. The knee joints were initially aspirated and 30 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide injected intra-articularly. The tenderness scores and the circumferences of the knee joints were measured at the start and after the two months follow up period. Between the patients with and without improvement in tenderness scores of the knee joints SF protein (p = 0.021), SF lactate (p = 0.033), SF IgG (p = 0.018) and SF IgM (p = 0.047) differed significantly, all being lower in patients with improved tenderness scores. There were no significant differences in the variables between patients with at least 2 centimetres decrease of knee joint difference and those with less during follow up.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1990

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor: elevated levels in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were quantitated in the serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and degenerative joint disease (DJD). A sandwich immunoassay, employing two monoclonal antibodies against distinct epitopes on the IL-2R, was utilized for measurement. We found a striking elevation of sIL-2R in RA SF as compared with DJD SF (RA, 1319 +/- 135; DJD, 416 +/- 59; p less than 0.001). RA serum sIL-2R levels were also significantly elevated over DJD levels. There was no interaction between rheumatoid factor (RF) and sIL-2R. RA patients with elevated sIL-2R levels had significantly longer disease duration, higher c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum and SF, and higher RF levels in serum and SF. The groups were similar in regard to other laboratory variables. The presence of elevated levels of sIL-2R in RA serum and SF confirms the presence of a heightened immune reactivity and in vivo activation of lymphocytes in RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneously increased B cell growth factor and B cell differentiation factor activities in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The presence of factors implicated in B cell proliferation and differentiation was studied in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and traumatic joint injury. Culture with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I B cell blasts showed strong B cell growth factor (BCGF) activity in the SF from patients with RA. This BCGF activity was significantly greater than that found in SF from patients with traumatic joint injury and similar to that of patients with AS. The presence of B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) for IgM(mu) in the SF from patients with RA was also demonstrated and was significantly greater than that found in SF from patients with AS and traumatic joint injury. Moreover, a significantly increased BCDF for IgG(gamma) was also found in the SF from patients with RA compared with that observed in those patients with traumatic joint injury, which, however, was similar to that of patients with AS.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Insulin-like growth factor stimulation of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis by human synovial fluid.

We investigated the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) as regulating factors of cartilage metabolism in human synovial fluid (SF), using a bovine explant culture system that was shown to respond to recombinant IGF-1 in vitro. SF from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and from control patients was found to stimulate chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in bovine articular cartilage. A monoclonal antibody directed primarily against IGF-1 (and to some extent, IGF-2) partially blocked the stimulatory action of serum and totally blocked the stimulation by SF. These findings indicate that IGFs are major regulating factors of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis in human SF. In addition, we measured serum and SF levels of IGF-1 in RA patients and control patients, using a radioimmunoassay. No difference in immunoreactive serum IGF-1 was detected between patients and controls. The IGF-1 levels in SF were consistently lower than in serum, for both patient groups. No differences in IGF-1 concentration were found between RA and non-RA SF. The relevance of these data with respect to joint inflammation is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1995

Synovial fluid in the hindfoot and ankle: detection of amount and distribution with US.

PURPOSE: To determine the amount and distribution of synovial fluid detectable with ultrasonography (US) of the hindfoot and ankle in asymptomatic volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US was performed with a 7.5- or 10-MHz linear transducer of 60 hindfeet and ankles in 30 volunteers. Presence and amount of fluid were assessed in the ankle joint recesses, adjacent bursae, and tendon sheaths. Symmetry of bilateral fluid was evaluated. RESULTS: Fluid was detected in the anterior recess in 20 ankles (bilaterally in eight volunteers), retrocalcaneal bursa in 30 ankles (bilaterally in 12 volunteers), posterior tibial tendon sheath in 46 ankles (bilaterally in 19 volunteers), and common peroneal tendon sheath in seven ankles (bilaterally in three volunteers). No fluid was seen in the posterior recess. On average, symmetry was present for only the retrocalcaneal bursal and peroneal tendon sheath fluid. CONCLUSION: US of the hindfoot and ankle commonly depicts articular, bursal, and tendon sheath fluid in asymptomatic volunteers. The presence of fluid in these locations, even when unilateral or asymmetric, does not necessarily imply underlying abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins 3 and 4 are increased in Human inflammatory synovial fluid.

OBJECTIVE: To measure insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding proteins (IGFBP) in human synovial fluid (SF), as IGF-I resistance in the chondrocyte was implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. METHODS: Ten patients with inflammatory arthritis and 7 controls were evaluated. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay while all IGFBP were evaluated by Western ligand blotting. RESULTS: Serum IGF-I did not differ between patients and controls (22.3 +/- 2.9 vs 22.0 +/- 3.0 nmol/l), while significantly higher values were found in inflammatory SF compared with noninflammatory SF (14.7 +/- 1.5 vs 10.2 +/- 1.2 nmol/l; p = 0.05). IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 were the most prominent bands found in inflammatory SF by Western ligand blotting. The 24 kDa IGFBP-4 band appeared faintly in 2 noninflammatory effusions and was nearly absent in others. IGFBP-3 levels in sera from the 2 groups did not differ (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs 2.5 +/- 0.3 mg/l), but were significantly higher in inflammatory compared with noninflammatory effusions (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/l; p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The pattern of IGFBP in SF differs in inflammatory versus noninflammatory joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

D-lactic acid in synovial fluid. A rapid diagnostic test for bacterial synovitis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the usefulness of D-lactic acid levels in synovial fluid (SF) as a rapid test to support the early diagnosis of bacterial arthritis (BA). METHODS: A simple modification of the enzyme method used for measuring L-lactic acid was used to analyze levels of D-lactic acid in SF from 20 cases of BA. Results were compared with those from 99 noninfectious arthritis, which included 90 inflammatory SF samples. Total white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of polymorphonuclears (% PMN) and gram stains were also determined. RESULTS: D-lactic acid levels were significantly higher in BA than in noninfectious arthritis. Using a cutoff value of 0.05 mM, 85% of the SF samples from BA had a positive test for D-lactic acid compared with 4% of the control group. The overall sensitivity of the assay was 85% with a specificity of 96%, showing a positive predictive value for BA of 81% and a negative predictive value of 97%. CONCLUSION: The data presented suggest that D-lactic acid is an accurate, easy test that can be carried out in any laboratory, to support the early diagnosis of BA.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1987

Acute synovial fluid eosinophilia associated with delayed pressure urticaria: a role for mast cells?

We report a case of exercise induced joint effusion with synovial fluid (SF) eosinophilia of 9,540/mm3 in a patient with delayed pressure urticaria. The SF eosinophilia was an acute but transient event associated with some evidence of local complement activation. Histologic assessment revealed a normal synovial membrane but with no detectable intact mast cells. These observations suggest that mast cells and eosinophils acting in concert can cause joint inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Detection of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in equine synovial fluid with immunoblotting.

Once considered unique to the lung, surfactant proteins have been clearly identified in the intestine and peritoneum and are suggested to exist in several other organs. In the lung, surfactant proteins assist in the formation of a monolayer of surface-active phospholipid at the liquid-air interface of the alveolar lining, reducing the surface tension at this surface. In contrast, surface-active phospholipid adsorbed to articular surfaces has been identified as the load-bearing boundary lubricant of the joint. This raises the question of whether surfactant proteins in synovial fluid (SF) are required for the formation of the adsorbed layer in normal joints. Proteins from small volumes of equine SF were resolved by 1- and 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected by Western blotting to investigate the presence of surfactant proteins. The study showed that surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are present in the SF of normal horses. We suggest that, like surface-active phospholipid, SP-A and SP-D play a significant role in the functioning of joints. Next will be clarification of the roles of surfactant proteins as disease markers in a variety of joint diseases, such as degenerative joint disease and inflammatory problems.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of the degree of clinical rheumatoid arthritis activity based on the concentrations of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 in serum and synovial fluid].

BACKGROUND/AIM: Experimental in vitro and in vivo investigations in a mouse model have proved that TNF-alpha, IL12, IL-15 and IL18 participate in the pathogenesis of erosive inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this research was to determine the clinical significance of cytokines in the evaluation of the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Inside a 4-year period we followed-up 64 patients with RA as newly ocurred or in the phase of worsening. We observed the clinical manifestation of the disease upon which we divided the patients in to 3 groups: the patients with low active RA, patients with moderate active RA, and the patients with wild active RA. The control group (n=25 patients) included the patients with osteoarthrosis (OA), and arthritis of the knee. In the samples of serum of all of the patients the concentratin of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 were determined using the immunoenzymatic methods in mice for human interleukines. By comparing the concentrations in 30 patients with the high, 14 patiens with moderate, and 20 patiens with the mild activity of RA it was determined that the patients with the high degree of the disease activity, had significantly high (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) concentrations of the examined cytokines in blood and synovial fluid as compared to the patients with the moderate and mild active disease. There was a relationship (p < 0.01) between the concentrations of cytokines in blood and synovial fluid with the quantity of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokines concentrations could be good indicators of the degree of the general activity of RA. This research could contribute to the interpretation of insufficiently well known views of the pathogenesis role and significance of citokines in an active disease.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Functional deficiency of antigen-presenting cells in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis.

In our study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we observed a decrease of tetanus toxoid antigen-presenting capacity of synovial fluid (SF) adherent cells to autologous T cells of either SF or peripheral blood. Additionally, we found a higher capacity of adherent synovial cells to stimulate autologous T-lymphocytes. Our results suggest that antigen-presenting cells of the SF of RA patients have defects that may play a role in defective presentation of antigens in joints and may account for other abnormal functions important in the pathogenesis of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plasma and synovial fluid gentisate in patients receiving salicylate therapy.

Our study was undertaken to assay gentisate, an oxidation metabolite of salicylate, in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients taking antiinflammatory doses of aspirin. A close correlation between plasma and SF concentrations was found for (1) salicylate, (2) salicylurate, and (3) gentisate, in 20 patients studied. Our data suggest ready equilibration of these compounds between the plasma and synovial spaces. In vitro experiments confirmed that in the presence of an oxy radical flux, salicylate is oxidized to gentisate. However, no evidence was obtained to implicate peripheral conversion of salicylate to gentisate in inflamed joints where oxy radicals may be produced.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Surfactants identified in synovial fluid and their ability to act as boundary lubricants.

Thin-layer chromatography has been used to identify phospholipids extracted from canine synovial fluid, the major component (45%) being phosphatidyl choline (PC). The extracts and their components have been shown to be surface active in reducing the surface tension of water and to be readily adsorbed to hydrophilic solids, whose surfaces then become hydrophobic. These adsorbed monolayers of synovial surfactant were then found to be excellent boundary lubricants in vitro, reducing the coefficient of kinetic friction (mu) in the dry state and under physiological loading by up to 97% for extracts and 99% for PC alone, reaching mu = 0.01. Surface-active phospholipid is put forward as the possible active ingredient in joint lubrication and shown to be consistent with previous biochemical studies to elucidate its identity. The model essentially follows the classical Hardy model for boundary lubrication imparted by surfactants. It is discussed in relation to a new approach in providing artificial lubrication and facilitating tissue release in patients with arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Depressed degranulation response of synovial fluid polymorphonuclear leucocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to IgG aggregates.

No difference was found between the degranulation responses to FMLP of synovial fluid (SF) polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and either paired blood PMNL or blood PMNL from a healthy donor. In contrast, the response of SF PMNL to heat-aggregated IgG was often reduced compared with autologous blood PMNL. Similarly, SF from some (35%) RA patients stimulated degranulation of PMNL but the response of SF-derived PMNL to autologous stimulatory SF was reduced compared with the response of blood PMNL. The stimulatory activity of the SF was removed by sepharose-protein A. These results were taken to suggest that the activity is due to immunoglobulin aggregates and that SF PMNL (from some RA patients) are tachyphylactic to stimulation by immunoglobulin aggregates as measured by degranulation because they have been stimulated by immunoglobulin aggregates in vivo. In other studies the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured enzymically in RA SF and was found to be present in varying amounts. However, only a weak relationship was found between MPO levels and either PMNL numbers or levels of complement-bearing IgG aggregates in SF. It is considered that the relationship between MPO and immunoglobulin aggregates levels is obscured by the presence of a peroxidase inhibitor in the fluids and/or because only aggregates bound to tissue stimulate degranulation in vivo.

Adult↗