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At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the face and scalp.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an infrequent but aggressive neoplasm involving the skin of the face and scalp. Unfamiliarity with the clinical manifestations of cutaneous angiosarcoma frequently leads to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. Complete surgical resection requires the performance of preoperative staging biopsies to determine the true extent of the neoplasm. Intraoperative frozen section analysis to determine the adequacy of the surgical resection is unreliable due to the high false-negative rate. All patients should receive a full course of postoperative radiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A case of multiple pilar tumors and pilar cysts involving the scalp and back.

The case of a patient with multiple proliferating trichilemmal tumors and trichilemmal cysts of the scalp and back is discussed. The multicentric presentation of this tumor is unusual and, to our knowledge, has not been described previously. The appearance of trichilemmal cysts in association with multiple proliferating trichilemmal tumors suggests a common histogenesis of these two neoplasms. The typical presenting features, histologic description, and recommended treatment for these tumors are reviewed.

Back↗
PubMed1991

An experimental model of scalp expansion: a method of optimizing flap size and shape.

An experimental model has been developed for testing and comparing the placement and characteristics of expanders for soft-tissue advancement. Expanders are fixed to model heads and covered with a stockinet sleeve, and the sleeve is impregnated with prevulcanized latex. The resulting stockinet-latex has many of the physical properties of skin and can be manipulated to ensure optimal covering and suture length prior to surgery. The system is rapid and reliable. Several types of scalp flaps were tested using the model. The models can be used in teaching and prior to surgery. Their use ensures an à la carte expansion that minimizes the risk of expansion failure.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Post-thermal burn alopecia and its treatment using extensive horizontal scalp reduction in combination with a Juri flap.

The extensive horizontal scalp reduction technique with its difficulties and known limitations in relocation of flap and horizontal reduction was performed twice in combination with a Juri flap technique as treatment of wide scar alopecia resulting from a thermal burn. The dramatic effect achieved has left the patients as well as the surgeon satisfied with the cosmetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lipomatosis of the scalp and macrocephaly.

In summary, a case of macrocephaly and lipomatosis of the scalp and forehead has been presented. The phenotypic and clinical features found in our patient are in accordance with previous reports. The differential diagnosis with other hamartoneoplastic syndromes has been evaluated and discarded, concluding that the present report is in accordance with Bannayan-Zonana syndrome. However, as in other inherited traits, finding a genetic test to diagnose this entity remains a challenge.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Melanoma of the scalp: the invisible killer.

A series of 20 patients (15 men and 5 women) suffering from malignant melanoma of the scalp is reported. Their epidemiologic data and outcome are described. The ages ranged from 48 to 78 years (mean 63 years). Analysis of the cases demonstrated that lesions occurring posterior to the tragal line (in hair-bearing area) have the worst prognosis. The 5-year survival rate was poor; 12 patients died within this period. Two representative cases are described, and the preventable aspects of the disease are emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Myxoid liposarcoma of the scalp: case report and literature review.

Myxoid liposarcoma of the head and neck is an extremely rare entity. The scalp region represents a risk factor to the patient because the diagnosis is usually made late, and the surgeon must have a high index of suspicion for this entity because suctioning the tumor without taking a biopsy further delays an accurate diagnosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Histologic change of arteriovenous malformations of the face and scalp after free flap transfer.

In three patients with long-standing vascular malformations of the face and scalp, radial forearm free flaps were transferred after a near-total excision of the lesion. All patients had typical high-flow malformations with thrill and bruit. The onset and progression of the malformations were analyzed through clinical and histologic studies. After free flap transfer, the vascular malformations were followed up grossly and histologically for between 4 and 9 years. There was no recurrence of arteriovenous malformation after free flap transfer. The portion of the residual lesion adjacent to the transferred free flap disappeared, and the remaining discoloration also vanished grossly. Histologic comparison of immediate postoperative and 4-month postoperative specimens from the margin and residual lesion using Victoria blue staining showed that the typical preoperative findings for arteriovenous malformation-an intermingling of thick-walled vessels with abundant elastic fibers and thin-walled vessels without elastic fibers-had undergone change, resulting in the disappearance of the thick-walled vessels and leaving only homogeneous, thin-walled vasculature. The highly vascularized free flap, which does not contain abnormal fistulas, impacted the histologic change of the arteriovenous malformation by blocking the vicious cycle of ischemia and anatomic replacement of disfigured skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sideburn reconstruction with an arterial V-Y hair-bearing scalp flap after the excision of basal cell carcinoma.

A new flap is presented for sideburn reconstruction. It has good vascularity and hair direction. There is some tension in the closure of the scalp donor site that can be associated with alopecia. The flap should be advanced only to the desired sideburn level, with a cervicofacial flap covering any remaining defect. Follow-up at 2 years 4 months confirmed the satisfactory result. This flap adds another option to those discussed in this article for sideburn reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Electric mixer-inflicted scalp injury: a case report and review of CPSC data.

Electric mixers present a major risk for childhood injuries. Scalp injury, although rarely encountered, results from hair entanglement in the mixer blades. Potential for serious injury and disfigurement exists. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission data indicate that most injuries inflicted by electric mixers are either minor electrical shock or traumatized fingers and hands. Constant observation is mandatory when operating an electric mixer in the presence of children.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2004

Plasma ropivacaine levels following scalp block for awake craniotomy.

The plasma levels of ropivacaine HCl with 5 mcg/mL epinephrine were measured in 10 patients following scalp blockade for awake craniotomy. A mean dose of 260 mg (3.6 mg/kg) resulted in peak plasma concentrations of 1.5 +/- 0.6 mcg/mL, with a median time to peak plasma concentration of 15 minutes. The pattern of rise of plasma level was similar in all patients and rapid compared with other regional blocks (epidural, intercostal, and axillary brachial plexus block). Despite this rapid rise of plasma level, no signs of cardiovascular or central nervous system toxicity were observed. In this group of patients undergoing awake craniotomy for excision of lesions in the eloquent areas of the cerebral cortex, ropivacaine HCl with epinephrine appeared to be a safe and effective local anesthetic agent in the dosages used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Classification of epilepsy types through global network analysis of scalp electroencephalograms.

Epilepsy is a dynamic disease in which self-organization and emergent structures occur dynamically at multiple levels of neuronal integration. Therefore, the transient relationship within multichannel electroencephalograms (EEGs) is crucial for understanding epileptic processes. In this paper, we show that the global relationship within multichannel EEGs provides us with more useful information in classifying two different epilepsy types than pairwise relationships such as cross correlation. To demonstrate this, we determine the global network structure within channels of the scalp EEG based on the minimum spanning tree method. The topological dissimilarity of the network structures from different types of temporal lobe epilepsy is described in the form of the divergence rate and is computed for 11 patients with left (LTLE) and right temporal lobe epilepsy (RTLE). We find that patients with LTLE and RTLE exhibit different large scale network structures, which emerge at the epoch immediately before the seizure onset, not in the preceding epochs. Our results suggest that patients with the two different epilepsy types display distinct large scale dynamical networks with characteristic epileptic network structures.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1996

Glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and reactive oxygen species of human scalp sebaceous glands in male pattern baldness.

We investigated the contribution of reactive oxygen species to the development of sebaceous gland hyperplasia and the characteristics of the glutathione S-transferase/glutathione system in male pattern baldness. Glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were determined in sebaceous gland-enriched scalp skin of men affected by male pattern baldness and were subjected to hair autotransplantation. In comparison with the hairy occipital-donor areas, the following results were obtained in alopecic frontoparietal samples: glutathione S-transferase-specific activity increased 7-fold (p < 0.001); enzyme affinity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene decreased 2-fold (p = 0.009); glutathione content decreased 2.5-fold (p = 0.017); and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased 2-fold (p = 0.006). Chromatofocusing analysis, bromosulfophthalein IC50 values, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferases alpha, mu, and pi demonstrated the presence of alpha, pi, and probably the 5.8 alpha isoenzymes in the sebaceous gland. These results support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in male pattern baldness.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improved method for the isolation and cultivation of human scalp dermal papilla cells.

We present an improved method for the isolation and cultivation of human scalp anagen hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Following treatment of the isolated dermal papilla with collagenase, incubation in Chang's medium mediates accelerated growth of the papilla cells when compared with other media such as DMEM, M199, and EMEM. Upon reaching confluency, the cells cultured in this fashion exhibit a multilayer-forming property that is dependent on normal proteoglycan synthesis. The papilla cells maintain this morphologic behavior for as long as 7 weeks in culture, or after being subcultured six times. During this time, the cells continue to synthesize extracellular matrix components associated with the human anagen follicle in situ. These include chondroitin sulfate, laminin, and type IV collagen. Type III collagen and keratan sulfate are poorly expressed by the papilla both in situ and in vitro. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a matrix component of the papilla in situ, is poorly expressed in vitro. Earlier reports suggested that the expression of extracellular matrix components is not maintained in culture. We show that the expression of these molecules is not dependent on the secondary culture medium, but continues in DMEM and M199 after primary culture in Chang's medium. Our results suggest that initial exposure of the dermal papilla to Chang's medium either selectively permits the outgrowth of papilla cells having extracellular matrix components similar to those found in situ, or stabilizes the expression of extracellular matrix components among the entire cultured cell population.

Cell Division↗