Group treatment of preorgasmic women.
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Adult↗
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Preorgasmic group treatment.
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Adolescent↗
A preliminary classification of human functional sexual disorders.
A preliminary classification is presented for functional human sexual disorders. This system is based on objective behavior and reports of distress. Five categories of sexual disorders are proposed, including the behavioral, psychological and informational components of sexual functioning in the individual and the couple.
Female↗
A short-term, intensive workshop approach for the treatment of human sexual inadequacy.
A rapid treatment approach to common sexual dysfunctions has been used in treating 59 couples, including 74 symptomatic individuals. Using a multidisciplinary team approach in an intensive 2 1/2 day workshop format, symptom improvement has been obtained in 86.5% of the dysfunctional individuals, with complete symptom reversal in 63.5%. The intensive workshop format has resulted in a saving of both patient and professional time and is seen as a viable and successful alternative to more time-consuming approaches of treating various sexual dysfunctions.
Adult↗
Issues in the use of psychophysiology to assess female sexual dysfunction.
The viability of psychophysiology as an assessment approach for female sexual function and dysfunction revolves around physiological measurement issues, subjective measurement issues, and the nature of the sexual difficulty. Recent data are presented and discussed as are the potentials and limitations inherent in a psychophysiological study of human sexuality. A case is made for the use of vaginal pressure pulse as a primary measure, vaginal blood volume as a secondary measure, correlations between subjective and objective measures of sexual arousal, and intercorrelations between various subjective affect scales.
Arousal↗
Issues and dilemmas in sexual treatment.
Five concrete issues and dilemmas typically confronted in the practice of treatment of sexual problems are discussed. These are: (a) the issue of therapeutic values and conflict in values that may arise for the therapist; (b) the phenomenon of the desperation of the impotent male and its relationship to coping techniques and cultural expectations; (c) masturbation as a development stage in sexual responsiveness, based on evidence from historical, cross-cultural, human, and animal studies and clinical practice; (d) the positive aspects of the self-concept of nonorgasmic women that may serve as resistance to sexual responsiveness; and (e) a specific value conflict for women therapists that is a reflection of the change in values promoted by the women's movement.
Conflict, Psychological↗
Countertransference as a factor in premature termination of apparently successful cases.
In brief sex therapy rapid disappearance of symptoms may appear to signal success. However, superficial indications of success may be utilized by the sex therapist as an opportunity to escape from a therapeutic situation which evokes uncomfortable feelings. The need to terminate treatment abruptly may be conscious or unconscious. This presentation discusses a few of the multiple factors which may lead the therapist to initiate premature termination or to collude with the patient's problems rather than the patients' to alert clinicians to the adverse effects of countertransference.
Adult↗
Assessing sexual behavior in couples.
The role of formal assessment in the practice of sex therapy with couples is discussed. A case is made for the use of behaviorally oriented paper-and-pencil tests of the self-report variety, in clinical settings, at two points in time: prior to any therapist-client contact and following completion of therapy. Such procedures are both efficient and effective, yielding information relevant to diagnosis, treatment planning, and development of clinical skills. Assessment procedures used routinely at the Stony Brook Sex Therapy Center are described and illustrated using sample cases. The authors suggest that behavioral assessment approaches have considerable clinical potential which has yet to be fully realized.
Adult↗
The DSFI: a multidimensional measure of sexual functioning.
The present report summarizes work to date on the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI), a multidimensional measure of human sexual functioning. We discuss the rationale for the test as well as the selection of the primary domains of measurement. Reliability coefficients for the various subtests are given, and a review section on validation studies is provided, including a factor analysis, predictive validation, and discriminant function analyses. Prototypic clinical profiles are also provided for several of the major types of sexual dysfunction.
Adult↗
Sexual unresponsiveness and orgastic dysfunction: an empirical comparison.
Testing a hypothesis made by Kaplan, the study investigates empirical differences between women diagnosed as "sexually unresponsive" (N = 50) vs. "orgastically dysfunctional" (N = 55). Treatment was carried out in the form of couples' therapy. The two groups show significant differences with regard to occupation (sexually unresponsive women are more frequently housewives), sexual behaviour (sexually unresponsive women have a more restricted sexual life), self-perception (sexually unresponsive women describe themselves as more timid, reserved and inhibited), and sexual attitude (sexually unresponsive women are more restrictive). Therapy success and one-year follow-up show no differences between the two groups.
Attitude↗
Circumvaginal musculature and female sexual function: the past, present and future.
The circumvaginal musculature had been of interest to sex researchers and therapists dating back at least as far as Dickinson and Van de Velde. Until recently, much of the information in this area was anecdotal and theoretical. Recent advances in instrumentation and neurophysiology are beginning to make advances in a scientific understanding of this area. This paper presents a review of past and present work in this area and uses this information to make some theoretical speculations.
Female↗
Clinical and research implications of the evaluation of women's group therapy for anorgasmia: a review.
This paper reviews some important clinical and research implications of studies which have evaluated the effectiveness of short-term behavioral group therapy for anorgasmia. Though formal research data on curative factors is very sparse, the experience of sharing within a group, and the focus on arousal seem consistent with treatment outcome; however, the emphasis on assertiveness and the woman-only approach may have countertherapeutic as well as therapeutic effects. A potentially important intervening variable is the woman's level of ego development. The use of certain assessment scales and criteria for success of treatment are critiqued, and recommendations made for further study.
Arousal↗
An evaluation of sexual performance--comparison between sexually dysfunctional and functional couples.
A multidisciplinary team approach was used to identify different correlates of sexual inadequacy, by comparing sexually dysfunctional and adequately functioning couples. Early familial disruption, traditional/religious upbringing and current religiosity of the male patient, prejudices concerning normal sex behavior, sexual ignorance, communication problems, and myths resulted in rigid stereotyped sexual behavior for both partners in our dysfunctional, patient group. These behaviors are characterized by "gender asymmetry" in all aspects of sexual activity. Contrary to previous reports, it was found that men are very concerned with partner satisfaction and are the primary initiators for therapy.
Adult↗
The role of resistance in sex therapy.
Resistance, the sum of forces opposing the treatment process, is particularly manifest in conjoint sex therapy and may well threaten the successful conduct of treatment unless recognized promptly and dealt with appropriately. A classification of resistant behaviour most common in sex therapy is proposed and illustrated with clinical vignettes. Treatment strategies are discussed as well as indications for referral to longer term therapy.
Adult↗
A comparison of couples who have sought sex therapy with couples who have not.
The basic complaint of couples seeking sex therapy is that their sexual relationship is no longer satisfying to them, that they cannot deal with it. Although all couples who seek sex therapy feel that they have sex problems, not all couples experiencing sex problems seek sex therapy. We hypothesized that the way in which couples differ in their reaction to sex problems and their abilities to handle them is an important factor in determining their sexual satisfaction. To investigate this hypothesis, we looked at couples who attended a sex therapy clinic and at a demographically similar group of couples who have not sought sex therapy. The results suggest that factors in their relationship (marital functioning and communication and sexual communication) are a major difference between couples who seek therapy and those who do not.
Adult↗
A modern perspective on nymphomania.
There is a stark contrast between the widespread myth of nymphomania and women who actually experience disruptive increases in sexual desire. Nymphomania can be defined in terms of three distinct elements: marked increase in sexual drive; extremely frequent partner sexual behavior; promiscuity. The essence of the problem, however, is the disruptive increase in desire. Causes often involve one or more of the following: acting out; atypical psychoses; alcohol and/or drug abuse; temporal lobe disorders; involvement with an inappropriate partner; response to another sexual dysfunction. Many of these women are unable to derive emotional satisfaction from sex.
Acting Out↗
Incidence and types of sexual dysfunctions in rape and incest victims.
Many authors have commented on the impact of sexual assault on the sexual lives of the victims. Eighty-three victims were interviewed with regard to their sexual histories, and completed the Sexual Arousal Inventory, to determine the incidence and types of sexual dysfunctions in rape and incest victims: 56% of these victims experienced sexual dysfunctions postassault; 71% of these subjects reported that the sexual assault precipitated the dysfunction. Fear of sex, arousal or desire dysfunctions were the most common sexual problems presented within this victim sample. The Sexual Arousal Inventory was not successful in discriminating dysfunctional and nondysfunctional rape and incest victims.
Adolescent↗
An essay on the nature of sexual desire.
The propensity to behave sexually--unlike the frequency of sexual behavior--is not a discrete quantifiable phenomenon. At every stage of adulthood, sexual desire is produced by the interaction of biologic drive, psychologic motivation and cognitive aspiration. Motivation, the most clinically vital of these components, can be understood within four contexts: sexual identity, quality of the current non-sexual relationship, reasons for specific episodes of sexual behavior and transference from past significant attachments. The common psychological inhibitions of sexual desire can be translated into motivations for not behaving sexually deriving from one or more of these contexts. The less frequent excesses of desire can also be understood from the vantage points of these contexts. Rather than continue to oversimplify the concept of sexual desire, the term should be recognized as a shorthand means of referring to the mind's capacity to integrate biologic, intrapsychic and interpersonal complexity.
Adolescent↗