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PubMed1983

The dynamics of spatial labor mobility in the Netherlands.

"This paper discusses several factors that may explain [the] dynamic properties of internal labor migration. [The authors] focus especially on the influence of labor market and housing conditions on the mobility of people. A two-stage, generation-allocation model is proposed to investigate the role of different factors in the explanation of aggregate interregional migration flows. This model is applied to recent data on interprovincial labor migration in the Netherlands. The results indicate that housing supply seems to be an important determinant of temporal developments of spatial mobility, and that also the conditions on national and regional labor markets are associated with specific properties of recent migration patterns."

Demography↗
PubMed2001

Nutrition and health among migrants in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE: this paper aims to give a broad overview of published data on nutrition and health among migrants in the Netherlands, as well as data on determinants of health. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the definition, 9 to 17% of the population belongs to the group 'migrants' and this proportion is expected to grow in the coming years. Roughly 2/3 of migrants are of the first generation and on average, they are younger than the Dutch population. Relatively few data concerning the health status of migrants are available. The diet of migrants showed both positive (macronutrients) and negative (micronutrients) differences with the general Dutch diet. The risk of overweight was high among both children and adult women, and the data suggest a higher risk for Turkish and Moroccan groups than for Dutch groups. The importance of health determinants, such as smoking, alcohol use and physical and social environment, was different for migrants than for the Dutch population; however, there were also differences between ethnic groups. The limited data on morbidity for migrants suggest higher risks than for the indigenous population. The same holds for mortality data, especially for the younger age groups. In general, the data that are available suggest that the health status of migrants was less favourable than that of the indigenous population. However, there were also differences between the various groups of migrants. The lower socio-economic position of migrant groups partly explained the differences in health status. Nevertheless, a study among Turkish people indicated that their health status was lower than that of Dutch people of comparable socioeconomic status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ambient ozone on peak expiratory flow of exercising children in The Netherlands.

The potential effects of elevated ozone concentrations in The Netherlands were evaluated by the measurement of peak expiratory flow (PEF) of exercising children. Peak expiratory flow was measured with mini-Wright peak flow meters, both before and after out-door sports training. The relationship between PEF and ozone was investigated with individual regression analysis. The difference of PEF after and before training (delta PEF) and the PEF after training were used as dependent variables. The ozone concentration during the training and the 1-h maximum ozone concentration of the same and the previous day were used as independent variables. The highest observed 1-h maximum ozone concentration was 236 micrograms/m3. delta PEF was unrelated to the ambient ozone concentration during training. Peak flow measured after the training was positively correlated with ambient temperature. The high correlation between ozone and temperature prevented the evaluation of effects of the maximum ozone concentration of the same day on PEF after training. A small negative association of borderline statistical significance between PEF after training and previous-day maximum ozone was observed.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ambient particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The association between daily variations in all-cause mortality from 1983-1991 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and ambient air pollution was investigated. Twenty-four-hour average concentrations of total suspended particulates, Black Smoke, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were available on a daily basis. Every other day, total iron content in total suspended particulates samples was available. Poisson regression analysis was used to study associations between air pollution and mortality; generalized additive models were used to adjust for confounders (e.g., seasonal trends, weather). Daily mortality was associated most consistently with previous-day concentrations of total suspended particulates (relative risk = 1.05 for a change of 91 microg/m3) and ozone (relative risk = 1.06 for a change of 67 microg/m3). Total iron was associated less consistently with mortality than total suspended particulate mass was. The associations of mortality with ozone and total suspended particulates were independent of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. The relative risks of total suspended particulates and particularly ozone were higher for subjects older than 78 y. The relationship between mortality and ozone did not deviate significantly from linear. The relationship between mortality and total suspended particulates was linear below 100 microg/m3 and leveled off at higher concentrations. If a threshold exists for the effects on mortality of these components, it exists at very low levels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Self-esteem and the evaluation of ethnic identity among Turkish and Dutch adolescents in The Netherlands.

A nationwide sample of Turkish and Dutch adolescents was used to answer two questions. Do Turkish youths in the Netherlands demonstrate negative effects of minority status on global self-esteem or specific components of self-esteem? What is the meaning of ethnic identity for the self-concept of these youngsters? The results showed that Turkish adolescents had a lower score for global self-esteem and a higher score for three components--academic ability, sports achievements, and evaluation of one's ethnic identity. However, in terms of the percentage of variance explained, the differences were very small. The results also showed that ethnic identity was a more salient and more important aspect of self-concept for the Turkish subjects than for the Dutch. It was not, however, a dominant component of their self-concept: The other components had a greater impact on global self-esteem. Body image was the most important component in this respect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The development of reactions of the public to warning and emergency situations in France, Greece, and the Netherlands.

This article describes the different reactions to emergency warning messages among residents living within a 3-km radius of a hazardous chemical complex and by people living at least 10 km from an industrial site in France, Greece, and the Netherlands. Belief in warning, primary and secondary appraisal, emotional response, and adherence to normal routine were assessed by conducting face-to-face interviews in which a four-phase scenario simulating a credible industrial accident was presented. The results showed that respondents who did not reside in the neighborhood of the hazardous site were, in general, more inclined to trust the warning messages than respondents who resided in the neighborhood were. With the exception of primary appraisal, the warning phases evoked very distinct reactions in the respondents from all three countries with regard to warning belief, secondary appraisal, emotional response, and adherence to normal routine.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Subtle prejudice against women in The Netherlands.

Subtle discrimination against women in the Netherlands was examined, using Dovidio and Gaertner's (1983) investigatory design and a sample of 56 male university sophomores. The following variables were manipulated: confederate's gender, confederate's role (supervisory vs. subordinate in relation to the participant), and confederate's cognitive ability (high vs. low). It was expected that a woman in a subordinate role would be offered help more often than a woman in a supervisory role would, and that a low-ability woman in a subordinate role would be offered help more often than a high-ability woman in the same role. The results supported these expectations even though there was no evidence of stereotyping in the written answers to the questionnaire.

Aptitude↗
PubMed2005

Has the reciprocal relationship between employment and marriage changed for men? An analysis of the life histories of men born in The Netherlands between 1930 and 1970.

The study presented here analyses the reciprocal relationship for men between employment career and union formation and examines whether this relationship changed across twentieth-century birth cohorts. Competing hypotheses about trends are described, using notions of role-specialization, spouse support, and uncertainty. The study is based on an investigation of the life histories of 2,795 men in the Netherlands who were born between the 1930s and the 1960s, and confirms earlier findings by showing that employment fosters marriage while marriage protects men from becoming unemployed. There is also a relationship between employment and cohabitation but it is weaker in both directions. However, the relationship between marriage or cohabitation and occupational mobility is less clear, suggesting that the economic benefits of marriage cannot be generalized to the occupational domain. Although it is commonly believed that the link for men between career and marriage has weakened over time, our comparison of birth cohorts shows that in fact this is not the case.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Rising incidence of clinically evident Barrett's oesophagus in The Netherlands: a nation-wide registry of pathology reports.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased steadily over the past few decades, but little information is available on trends in the incidence of its presumed precursor, Barrett's oesophagus (BO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nation-wide registry of pathology reports (PALGA) was used to investigate time trends in the incidence of BO in The Netherlands. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated to examine the magnitude of the changes. RESULTS: The study comprised 105,283 patients with a first-time biopsy taken from the oesophagus. Of these patients, 33,365 had BO, 6168 squamous cell carcinoma and 9854 had adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, diagnosed between 1992 and 2003. The age-adjusted incidence of BO increased among men by 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38-44%). Among women, the increase was 23% (CI 19-26%) in 1996-99, followed by a slight decline in 2000-03. The increase was most notable among younger patients (<60 years), whereas the incidence remained stable among men and decreased among women aged 75 or older. Although the number of oesophageal biopsies increased by 21% among men and by 6% among women, the proportion of biopsies with a diagnosis of BO increased to a larger extent, by 33% (CI 30-36%) for men and by 25% (CI 22-29%) for women. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus increased by 28% for men and by 22% for women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show a significant increase in the incidence of clinically evident BO. Although changes in endoscopic practice may partly explain these findings, a true increase in the incidence of BO seems likely.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome by an iMLS resistant M type 77 Streptococcus pyogenes in the Netherlands.

An increasing number of group A streptococci (GAS) with constitutive or inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics (cMLS or iMLS phenotype) is observed in Europe, but MLS resistant GAS associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) has not been reported. We describe a patient admitted with STSS caused by an iMLS resistant T28 M77 Streptococcus pyogenes carrying the ermA [subclass TR] gene. A 2-y retrospective analysis among 701 nationwide collected GAS strains revealed an incidence of 3.1% of this M type 77 GAS. Analysis of 17 available M77 strains (12 T28 and 5 T13) indicated that 2 (12%) were MLS resistant due to the ermA [TR] gene. Both MLS resistant strains were cultured from blood and belonged to T28 serotype. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that all M77 isolates belonged to sequence type 63. We conclude that 17 M77 GAS collected in the Netherlands in a 2-y period were associated with invasive disease and belonged to the same clonal complex. Since only 12% carried the ermA [TR] resistance gene, it is very likely that the gene has been acquired by horizontal transmission rather than from spread of a resistant circulating clone.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Environmental toxicology, its history and future with special attention to the situation in the Netherlands.

Large scale pollution of the environment by pesticides and other chemicals only started in the fifties and early sixties. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and methyl mercury compounds appeared to have a marked impact on the populations of many animal species, especially birds. It is recognized that prof. dr. H. van Genderen, who retired this month, made a most valuable contribution to the timely detection of these problems in the Netherlands. Environmental toxicologists engaged in studies to predict environmental hazards by chemicals require toxicological skill as well as insight into the structure and functioning of ecosystems.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1984

Field studies with in-feed medication of pigs in the Netherlands using the anthelmintic thiophanate with particular reference to efficacy against Ascaris suum.

Studies on the efficacy in pigs of low level in-feed medication with the anthelmintic thiophanate at a minimum intake of 6 mg/kg/day for fourteen days are reported. A trial was conducted to compare a group of medicated fattening pigs with a similar unmedicated group on premises known to have a high challenge of Ascaris spp. Daily growth rate was improved whilst feed conversion ratio and the liver condemnation rate were reduced in the treatment group. Routine medication of a whole herd using this regime contributed to a great improvement of the herd production when assessed by the above criteria. User studies in various geographical areas of the Netherlands involving 1500 adult pigs and 1200 fattening pigs medicated with thiophanate in-feed for fourteen days demonstrated that the compound eliminated the faecal worm egg output and was readily accepted and tolerated by pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

Occurrence and significance of infectious bronchitis virus variant strains in egg and broiler production in the Netherlands.

Despite vaccination against Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with the Massachusetts type vaccine viruses H120 and H52 in the Netherlands, an increasing number of properly vaccinated flocks have suffered from the disease since 1978. In the years 1978-1982, the virus was isolated from 162 IBV suspected flocks. Cross-virus-neutralization tests showed that the majority (67 per cent) of these isolates belonged to serotypes other than the Massachusetts type, the Connecticut-, Florida-, Iowa 97-, Iowa 609- and JMK serotype. The majority of these Dutch isolates could be divided into 4 serogroups, called D207, D212, D3128 and D3896. Only a few isolates were not related to these serotypes. A survey of 328 flocks for antibody against these serotypes demonstrated that antibody against one or more of these novel serotypes were present in most of the flocks. Experiments demonstrated that vaccination with the H120 vaccine virus was not able to protect chickens against the adverse effects of a challenge with the novel serotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effective control for diethylstilbestrol in cattle in the Netherlands.

In the period from August 1981 to April 1983, 10243 random samples of urine from slaughtered cattle were inspected for the presence of the stilbene derivatives diethylstilbestrol (DES), dienestrol (DE), and hexestrol (HEX). Fast screening of all samples was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with prior clean-up column chromatography. In this screening, 216 samples were indicated for confirmatory analyses by combined high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-GCMS) on account of an immunochemical response equivalent to 1 microgram/1 DES or more. The presence of DES was confirmed in 184 samples, DE in 5 samples and HEX in 14 samples. In the remaining 13 samples no stilbene derivative could be confirmed. From the results in 1984, after the introduction of the Meat Inspection Act, it is concluded that the use of stilbene derivatives in cattle in the Netherlands has dropped almost to zero. Of 4558 samples investigated, only 6 (0.13%) were indicated as 'stilbene' positive. The presence of DES was confirmed in 2 samples and DE in 4 samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An outbreak of caseous lymphadenitis in dairy goats: first report of the disease in the Netherlands.

An outbreak of caseous lymphadenitis in which three herds of goats were involved is described. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was shown to be the causative organism. The outbreak was associated with imported goats. As this first report of C. pseudotuberculosis causing caseous lymphadenitis as a clinical entity in small ruminants in the Netherlands, clinical and epizootiological aspects as well as possible methods of control are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Streptococcus suis type 2 infections in pigs in the Netherlands (Part two).

Since 1983 some pig breeding and fattening farms in the Netherlands have been faced with a considerable mortality in pigs due to Streptococcus suis type 2 infections. The most predominant clinical feature of S. suis type 2 infection is meningitis, although sudden deaths often occur. It was noted that some affected farms had imported breeding stock from the United Kingdom. Tonsils of slaughter pigs were collected from herds with and without a history of S. suis type 2 infections. Bacteriological examination was done by using an elective-selective medium. No significant difference was found in carrier rates of S. suis type 2 between clinically healthy and affected herds (38% vs. 45%). A cohort study was carried out by regular bacteriological examination of tonsil biopsies on a farm with a high incidence of streptococcal meningitis. Twenty-seven percent of the pigs were carriers of S. suis type 2 at nine weeks of age. Possible methods for disease control are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Integrated microbiological safety assurance and monitoring of food and drinking water. Professor Kampelmacher's contribution to postgraduate education in The Netherlands from the point of view of Veterinary Public Health.

The history of academic education in food microbiology and hygiene in the Netherlands has largely been written by Prof. Kampelmacher. The first contribution in this field dates from 1961, and suggested a new approach to teaching Veterinary Public Health. His later research led to the conclusion that intervention would be the only way to control the food-transmitted diseases originating from slaughter animals and poultry, particularly Salmonellosis. This intervention should take place at the beginning of the contamination cycle. In the 1970's, surveys showed that feed decontamination would no longer efficiently control the endemicity of Salmonellosis. The contamination cycles had become autonomous. Consequently, emphasis on terminal decontamination of food products was necessary. Besides his activities in teaching and research, Prof. Kampelmacher masterminded a modern view of the responsibilities of academic scientists. Moreover, he strongly promoted an interdisciplinary approach to scientific consultation and advice. In this respect, he has unfortunately not been successful in introducing radiation of dangerously contaminated food, having met strong opposition from various quarters. His efforts in multidisciplinary training and research programmes resulted in, among other things, fruitful cooperation between the Agricultural University at Wageningen and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1988

Environmental contamination by heavy metals and fluoride in the Saeftinge salt marsh (The Netherlands) and its effect on sheep.

The Saeftinge salt marsh in the Westerschelde estuary (southwestern part of the Netherlands) represents one of the very few tidal brackish marsh ecosystems in Western Europe. From May 1983 to May 1985 the local pollution of this marsh with metals and fluoride was investigated. Samples from soil and vegetation were analysed monthly for cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and fluoride. The amount of these substances in the soil appeared to be related to both the percentage of clay particles and organic matter in the soil and to the frequency of tidal submergences. In vegetation, the pollutants clearly showed a seasonal variation. Adherent clay, deposited on the plants during submergences, contributed considerably to the total amount of these elements. Sheep grazing in the marsh were investigated for renal and faecal excretion of these elements, but no relation between these samples and the seasonal variation in vegetation was found. Presumably sheep consumed vegetation selectively, avoiding the more contaminated plants. Regular clinical inspections of the sheep revealed no signs of acute or chronic intoxication. The organs of sheep that died during the investigation showed increased levels of cadmium in the liver and kidney, and iron in the liver, but not enough to cause alarm. Fluoride found in the rib material, although slightly increased, did not indicate fluorosis. In conclusion, contamination with metals and fluoride, as observed in the salt marsh, apparently does not impair the health of locally grazing sheep. This may be due to selective consumption behaviour of the sheep, their stabling during the winter, limited biological availability of the elements studied, and a sheep management adapted to the local circumstances.

Animals↗