Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Marriage Patterns”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Older spouses' cortisol responses to marital conflict: associations with demand/withdraw communication patterns.

We examined 31 older couples' wife demand/husband withdraw communication patterns and cortisol responses to marital conflict. Regression analyses indicated that wife demand/husband withdraw sequences during conflict related to cortisol responses only for wives. Based on a mixed model that accounted for the interdependence of spouses' perceptions of communication patterns and outcomes, older spouses who reported greater wife demand/husband withdraw patterns in their marriage had greater cortisol responses during a conflict discussion; actual demand-withdraw did not relate to cortisol responses in this model. Findings suggest that perceived communication patterns contribute to neuroendocrine responses to marital conflict, and implications for marriage and health research with older couples are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Recent trends in fertility and family formation.

"Australia's fertility has declined significantly since the 1950s, and has remained below the long-term replacement level since 1976. The current trend appears to be towards a further decline. This paper describes the patterns of the fertility decline in terms of age and parity of the mother, and the effect on recent fertility decline of the postponement of marriage and family formation. The implications of the continued decline in fertility on completed family size are studied by reference to fertility patterns of marriage cohorts."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Husband's and wife's drinking: unilateral or bilateral influences among newlyweds in a general population sample.

OBJECTIVE: It is often assumed that a husband's drinking influences his wife's drinking, but that the wife's drinking has no impact on her husband's drinking. However, there are little data that examine this. This article explores drinking patterns over the transition to marriage to assess whether changes in drinking patterns are influenced by the spouse's drinking and whether this influence is comparable for husbands and wives. METHOD: Approximately 500 husbands and wives were recruited after applying for their marriage licenses and participated in a longitudinal study of alcohol and marriage. Couples completed questionnaires that assessed alcohol use over the preceding year. These questionnaires were completed at the time of marriage and at the first anniversary. RESULTS: Structural equation models were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between husband and wife drinking. The final model indicated that husbands and wives manifested similar drinking patterns at the time of marriage that could not be attributed to sociodemographic factors. Husbands' drinking at premarriage was significantly associated with wives' drinking after marriage, but the reverse was not true. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that husbands and wives display similar patterns in alcohol use, in part because husbands and wives marry similar individuals and because common life experiences impact the drinking of couples in a comparable manner. The similarity also occurs as the reflection of a husband influence on the wife. However, this process appears to be unilateral in that there was no evidence that the wife's drinking had an impact on the drinking of her husband.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing nuptiality patterns in contemporary Spain.

"This paper describes recent nuptiality trends [in Spain] and explores some socio-demographic factors that influence marital timing. Event history analysis is applied to retrospective marital histories collected in the 1985 Spanish National Survey of Fertility. Discrete hazard models are used in order to capture the changing dynamics of the nuptiality process throughout the age range. The results indicate that a trend towards late marriage has evolved in Spain during the last decade, without a concomitant rise in nonmarital cohabitation. The pattern of marriage postponement is especially pronounced among women residing in urban areas and those better educated." (SUMMARY IN ITA)

Demography↗
PubMed1999

The interaction between marital standards and communication patterns: how does it contribute to marital adjustment?

Couples' cognitions about marriage and their communication patterns have both been found to be highly associated with marital distress. To examine the relationships among marital cognitions, communication, and marital adjustment, we had a sample of 387 community couples complete three self-report measures: the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards, and the Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Results indicated that the correlation of communication with marital adjustment is higher for women with more relationship-focused standards than for women with less relationship-focused standards; this interaction does not occur for men. The implications of the interaction and the gender difference as well as the importance of teaching communication skills, and working with associated cognitions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Publication patterns of faculty in commision on accreditation for marriage and family therapy education programs.

Journal articles published by faculty in Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE) programs from 1998 to 2002 were analyzed to determine patterns regarding the amount and type of research conducted by this group. Fifty-eight percent of the articles were identified as research. Slightly more than 10% of these dealt with clinical processes and outcomes. Forty percent of studies reported a specific source of funding. Twenty-nine percent of research articles used qualitative methods, with percentages rising over the course of time. Results suggest the average number of publications per faculty member was relatively low, particularly for senior faculty. Implications for these findings are discussed.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive pattern in consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages in La Cabrera, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Among determinants of the structure of human populations, consanguineous marriages can be useful in determining to what extent they influence the genetic structure of the population. This knowledge may be gained by comparing the reproductive performance of related and non-related couples. The population studied, La Cabrera, is a mountainous region in the Leon province (north-western Spain). It includes four neighbouring municipalities with similar geographic, climatic and ecological features with 37 parishes occupying an area of 784.2 km(2), of which only 1.5% is arable. The number of inhabitants remained stable from 1887 (9526 inhabitants) to 1960 (8984), when due to emigration it began to decrease. The average inbreeding coefficient (alpha) for the period 1880-1989 (up to third degree) was 4.82 x 10(-3). AIM: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the possible factors determining the differences between consanguineous and non-consanguineous families residing in La Cabrera during the period 1880-1959. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To study the structure and dynamics of each couple, families were reconstituted for the period 1880-1959 using demographic data corresponding to births, deaths and marriages obtained from parish registers. This procedure provided information on each couple's reproductive history through information concerning the mates' deaths as well as their offspring's births and deaths. Principal component analysis revealed the existence of three factors that together explained 57% of the reproductive pattern variability of La Cabrera. RESULTS: The first component (eigenvalue: 3.56) correlated positively with the number of live births and with the duration of the reproductive period. Component II (eigenvalue: 1.54) had a positive correlation with variables describing the beginning of the marital union, and with those indicating its ending. Finally, component III (eigenvalue: 1.13) reflected a negative association with the two variables that described neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. The above demographic variables represented the reproductive process in La Cabrera adequately. Fertility was the variable that offered the best explanation of the reproductive pattern (32%), followed by the marital structure (13%) and the infant mortality (12%). CONCLUSION: In the La Cabrera population, consanguinity appears as a socio-cultural process that affects the reproductive dynamic. Consanguinity modifies the marital structure and alters the reproductive pattern, prolonging the reproductive period, which results in a greater number of offspring. Lower infertility rates and the possible compensatory effect for infant mortality may reflect biological factors making the wife's reproductive period more efficient.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The influence of past endogamy and consanguinity on genetic disorders in northern Sweden.

It has been widely believed that consanguineous marriage was infrequent in northern Europe. As part of ongoing studies into the population structure of northern Sweden, the Demographic DataBase of Umeå University has undertaken digitization of the parish record books of the Swedish Lutheran Church, which date back to the late 17th century. To examine the prevalence and patterns of consanguineous marriage, information from the DataBase was abstracted for the Skellefteå region during the period 1720-1899 and extended family pedigrees constructed. Of the 14,639 marriages recorded, 3,043 (20.8%) were between couples related as sixth cousins or closer. Following changes in the Swedish civil law in 1844 that removed the requirement of royal dispensation for first cousin unions, a significant increase in first cousin marriages occurred during the next two generations, even though the total population of the region grew significantly. There was also strong evidence that consanguineous marriages were favoured within particular families. The findings of the study are consistent with the patterns of single gene disorders reported in specific communities in the region, and they suggest that founder effect, drift and consanguinity all were important influences on population genetic structure in previous generations.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1994

Age at marriage, sex-ratios, and ethnic heterogamy.

"This paper focuses on the effects of age at marriage and the sex-ratio on patterns of ethnic homogamy among Israeli women. We hypothesize that later marriages are more likely than early marriages to be heterogamous as the 'marriage market' shifts from school to the work-place. By the same token, when facing severe marriage squeezes women will be forced to out-marry. Employing data from the 1983 census, we model mate selection of women from Afro-Asian and Euro-American origin in various birth-cohorts. The results do not fully support our hypotheses: we find that in and of itself, age at marriage does not enhance ethnic heterogamy."

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Sociodemographic context of the AIDS epidemic in a rural area in Tanzania with a focus on people's mobility and marriage.

This analysis focuses on how sociocultural and economic characteristics of a poor semi-urban and rural population (Kisesa ward) in north west Tanzania may directly and indirectly affect the epidemiology of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). Poverty and sociocultural changes may contribute to the observed high levels of marital instability and high levels of short and long term migration in Kisesa, especially among younger adults. Marriage and migration patterns are important underlying factors affecting the spread of HIV. The most cost-effective intervention strategy may be to focus on the trading centre in which mobility is higher, bars were more common, and HIV prevalence and incidence were considerably higher than in the nearby rural villages. If resources suffice, additional work can be undertaken in the rural villages, although it is not clear to what extent the rural epidemic would be self sustaining if the interventions in the trading centre were effective.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Illness-related and treatment-related factors in psychological adjustment to breast cancer.

Seventy-eight breast cancer outpatients were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed to document illness-related and treatment-related factors associated with psychosocial adjustment. Poor prognosis and more radical surgery both independently predicted poor psychological adjustment. The effect of type of surgery appeared to be mediated by the patient's sense of disfigurement and by changes in the sexual and affectional patterns in the marriage, rather than by prognosis or disability. Degree of dysfunction and whether or not the patient had radiation therapy or chemotherapy had no independent effects on psychological adjustment. Results point to the problematic psychosocial outcomes associated with mastectomy and, more generally, to the illness- and treatment-related factors that may place a breast cancer patient at risk for psychosocial adjustment problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Does hypoxia impair ovarian function in Bolivian women indigenous to high altitude?

Fertility appears to be reduced in at least some high altitude populations relative to their counterparts at lower elevations. Inferring from the difficulties with reproduction of newcomers to high altitude and from animal experiments, it has been hypothesized that this apparent reduction is the result of hypoxia acting to reduce fecundity and/or increase fetal loss. In humans, however, several behavioral as well as biological factors may affect fertility levels. These many factors have been organized by demographers into a framework of seven proximate determinants that includes fecundability (the monthly probability of conception) of which successful ovulation is one component. To test whether ovarian function is impaired in women indigenous to high altitude, we measured salivary progesterone (P) in a sample (n = 20) of Quechua women (aged 19-42 years) residing at 3,100 m. It was found that mean luteal P = 179 pmol/L and mean midluteal P = 243 pmol/L, levels that fall about midway in the range of known values for several populations and are higher than some lower altitude populations. These findings suggest that hypoxia does not appear to significantly impair ovarian function in those with lifelong residence at high altitude. There are, however, several factors common to many high altitude populations that may act to reduce fecundability and fertility including intercourse patterns (affected by marriage and migration practices), prolonged lactation, dietary insufficiency, and hard labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Understanding marital stressors. The importance of coping style.

Previous survey work with 1591 married Chicago adults has demonstrated a close connection between symptoms of depression and current marital stressors (nonfulfillment of basic role expectations, lack of reciprocity between partners, and nonacceptance by spouse). The pertinent question now becomes which factors predispose toward marital stressors. We address this issue here by examining a broad array of variables to see which are most predictive of marital stressors by employing multiple regression analysis on data from the survey sample. A descending order of explanatory power of marital stressors occurs for the following categories of variables: respondent's style of coping with marital problems, behavior patterns within the marriage, personality factors of the respondent, other current social stressors, demographic variables, and marital circumstances. One coping style in particular, that of optimistic action, is more predictive of low marital stressors than any other single variable studied. The findings contradict several common beliefs about marital stressors: the presence of background differences between the spouses, a lack of consensus between the partners, and the presence of other social stressors (job, parenting, finances) are relatively poor predictors of marital discord.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Serial marriages and AIDS in Masaka District.

In the process of studying the functioning of households under the conditions of the AIDS epidemic in the districts of Masaka, Kabarole and Rukungiri, information was collected on the marital history of persons aged 12 years and above who had ever been involved in a regular union or marriage. That information allows the discussion of the pattern of marital mobility and the exploration of the possible links between serial marriages and the dynamics of the current epidemic. Serial marriages can be defined as the participation in a sequence of regular partnerships or unions. By this definition, males in polygamous unions are involved in the practice of serial marriages in that they go through the formation of regular unions more than once in their lifetime and are often involved in more than one such union at a time. In the case of females, serial marriage takes the form of transition from first to second and subsequent unions within a monogamous or polygamous framework. This paper describes the pattern of these serial marriages, the causes of the dissolution of unions, and the relationship between the observed patterns and selected social and demographic factors such as sex, residence, education and the household-level experience of a previous HIV/AIDS related illness or death. Particular attention is paid to the role of death of spouse and especially of death from AIDS in the dissolution of unions. Apart from the use of basic descriptive statistics, a hierarchical log linear regression is carried out and the tests of partial association between the fact of serial marriage and selected variables are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Mating pattern and population structure in Escazú, Costa Rica: a study using marriage records.

A primary focus of historical demographic research is to understand how a population's mating pattern can affect its genetic structure. By using surnames, researchers can reconstruct gene flow into a population as well as within it: the population structure. Indeed, Lasker (1988a) noted that the distribution of surnames reflects the effect of mate choice on a population's genetic structure. Here, we study the mating pattern of a small, clearly established breeding population in Costa Rica (Escazú) during 1800-1839 and 1850-1899. We found that a large proportion of marriages involved individuals who were members of long-standing or core families. Indeed, 27 families provided 56% of all consorts throughout the period under study. When new surnames appeared in the records (presumably as a result of immigration), they were introduced more frequently by males, indicating that more males than females migrated into the community. The core families did not mate preferentially among themselves but appear to have readily accepted the migrants. Indeed,the greatest preponderance of repeated-surname marriages was that expected by chance. However, nonrandom surname repetition is evident when marriages between nonillegitimate consorts are analyzed. That is, the frequency of repeated-pair surname marriages is statistically significant in marriages involving brides and grooms who carried 2 surnames. Interestingly, significant departures from random repetition of surnames occurred during the decade in which the great cholera epidemic affected Costa Rica and during the decade following it. This departure from panmixia supports the notion that mating patterns were altered as a result of the epidemic, a suggestion we made previously when we reported that inbreeding increased in these same decades (Madrigal and Ware 1997).

Catholicism↗
PubMed1989

Gender differences in marital communication patterns.

This study examined conflict-resolution interactions of couples, and related marital satisfaction to sequential and nonsequential communication patterns. Couples' satisfaction with marriage has been differentiated on the basis of the degree of coercive versus affiliative communication between partners. Results of this study indicate that this pattern differs, however, for individuals within couples on the basis of gender. Females and males were found to demonstrate different styles of response to dissatisfaction in marriage; men assume a coercive stance toward their partners while women take an affiliative position. Drawing on systemic and gender-difference theoretical perspectives, these patterns are interpreted as attempts by individuals with different world views to resolve conflict. A view is discussed whereby systems and gender differences can be integrated into a unified conceptual formulation upon which to base future development in research and therapeutic interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Marriage and neurosis in a modern residential suburb: an application of the Ryle Marital Patterns Test.

The Ryle Marital Patterns Test measures the affection and domination aspects of marriage. Its original administration illustrated a partial association between poor marital adjustment (as measured by low affection scores and non-egalitarian domination scores) and neuroticism (as measured by CMI score). The present paper confirms these associations using a group of suburban women defined as neurotic by their GP. Related studies suggest similar patterns.

Dominance-Subordination↗