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At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Transient ischemic attacks: Part II. Treatment.

Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack. Blood pressure, lipid levels, and diabetes mellitus should be controlled. When applicable, smoking cessation and weight loss also are important. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may help prevent stroke. Aspirin is the treatment of choice for stroke prevention in patients who do not require anticoagulation. Clopidogrel is an alternative therapy in patients who do not tolerate aspirin. Atrial fibrillation, a known cardioembolic source (confirmed thrombus), or a highly suspected cardioembolic source (e.g., recent large myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, mechanical valve, rheumatic mitral valve stenosis) are indications for anticoagulation.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2005

[Calpain involved in signal transduction of myocardial remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulation of calcium sensitive signal substance calpain in signal transduction of myocardial remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure. METHODS: All 39 congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis disease were selected and 38 cases of healthy persons were included as controls. Cardiac function parameters were measured by echocardiography. The concentration of angiotension II (AngII) in plasma and myocardial tissues was determined by radio immunoassay (RIA). Western blot was used to assay the protein expression of calpain, cain/cabin 1, cain/cabin 1Delta, and calcineurin (CaN) phosphorylation. RESULTS: The AngII concentrations in the plasma and myocardial tissues in patients with CHF were higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile the AngII concentrations positively correlated to the parameters of the cardiac dilation respectively but negatively correlated to the parameters of cardiac function. Pathological changes of myocardial tissues in CHF with valvular heart disease showed typical myocardial remodeling. The hypertrophy was dominant at early stage of CHF, while at the end stage the characteristics include disordered alignment of the myocytes, the discontinuity and dissolving of cardiomyofibrills, destroyed subcellular organs, and the hyperplasia of interstitial tissue. Compared to the control group, u-calpain, m-calpain, and cain/cabin 1Delta protein expression, CaN phosphorylation in myocardial tissues in CHF groups were highly expressed and their expressions were positively correlated to the severity of CHF. The expression of cain/cabin1 deceased and its expression was negatively correlated to the severity of CHF. CONCLUSION: The degradation of cain/cabin 1 by calpain may play an important role by causing the activation of CaN signal pathway in myocardial remodeling mediated by renin angiotension system in CHF.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1992

[Combined coronary artery and heart valve surgery at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery (1979-1990)].

As a result of increasing mean age of patient undergoing open heart surgery more and more combined valve and coronary surgery cases are performed. The operative risk of combined procedure is higher than that of valve replacement or coronary bypass grafting alone. In case of aortic valve disease the operation reduces the workload of the left ventricle thus decreasing the oxygen demand of the myocardium. In pure mitral valve stenosis as a consequence of valve replacement the left ventricular preload increases and coexisting coronary artery disease is of greater importance than in the other case. Since 1979 until the end of 1990 there were 146 combined operations performed in the Cardiovascular Surgical Clinic of Semmelweis Medical University of Budapest. The operative results and theoretical considerations are discussed.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1991

[Cor triatriatum].

A 16-year-old patient was evaluated for congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting mitral valve stenosis. A left atrial membrane with a 4 mm orifice was seen in echocardiography and angiography, and a diagnosis of cor triatriatum was made. The membrane was successfully removed by surgery.

Adolescent↗