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PubMed1982

[Clinical laboratory basis for using kanamycin sulfate for treating meningococcal meningitis].

Satisfactory penetration of lincomycin sulfate through the hematoencephalic barrier was shown in experimental meningococcic meningitis of rabbits and in treatment of patients with meningococcic meningitis. Constant high levels of the antibiotic in the cerebrospinal fluid, meninx vasculosa, penetration into the brain tissues may be achieved after intramuscular injection of the drug in a dose of 500 mg every 8 hours. The study showed therapeutic efficacy of kanamycin in the treatment of the patients with meningococcic meningitis. It may be recommended for the clinical use as a reserve antibiotic. As an independent etiotropic agent kanamycin may be used in sensitivity to benzylpenicillin or its inefficiency in treatment of the meningococcic infection. Kanamycin may be used in combination with benzylpenicillin in severe forms of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or purulent meningitis of an unknown etiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Sensitivity of bacteria of the genus Proteus to antibiotics and their combinations].

Sensitivity of 99 Proteus strains isolated from infants with gastro-intestinal diseases was studied by the method of serial dilutions on the Ploskirev's medium with respect to 19 antibiotics and some of their pair combinations. High resistance levels were registered with respect to penicillin and semi-synthetic penicillins, such as oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, as well as oleandomycin, erythromycin, lincomycin and oxytetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentration for most of the strains was at least 128 gamma/ml. The Proteus strains were more sensitive to aminoglycosides, such as monomycin, neomycin and kanamycin, as well as carbenicillin, cephalosporine, streptomycin, levomycetin, chlortetracycline and novobiocin. Rifampicin, gentamycin and ampicillin combinations with gentamycin had a pronounced antimicrobial effect on Proteus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in patients with infected burns].

Sensitivity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum isolated from infected burn wounds was studied with respect to 24 antibiotics. It was found that the isolates were multiple drug resistant. Sensitivity was observed at least to 8 out of 24 antibiotics. The majority of the isolates were resistant to 10--15 drugs. Many strains were resistant to 16--17 antibiotics. 11 antibacterial drugs, i. e. tobramycin, sisomicin, gentamicin, amicacin, neomycin, carbenicillin, polymyxin M, erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and dioxidine proved to be most active against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The strains were resistant to 6 antibiotics, i. e. penicillin, oxacillin, lincomycin, ceporin, fusidin and ristomycin. The activity of streptomycin, ampicillin and levomycetin was negligible.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains].

Bacillus thuringiensis strains forming colonies of the S and R morphology were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, neomycin, lincomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, and resistant to ampicillin and polymyxin. The S strains were shown to be susceptible to tetracycline (Tets), whereas the R strains were either susceptible (Tets) or resistant (Tetr). The population of Tetr strains was heterogeneous in its resistance to tetracycline (the frequency of Tetr cells was from 10(-4) to 1). The incubation with a subinhibiting concentration of tetracycline (2 micrograms/ml) caused "induction", which decreased in the presence of chloramphenicol, in the Tetr strains. No "induction" was detected in Tets strains. No significant differences were found in the plasmid composition of the Tets and Tetr strains, and no correlation was established between the presence of plasmids and the resistance to tetracycline. It may be concluded therefore that determinants for the resistance to tetracycline are located in the chromosomes. Possible factors causing the resistance to tetracycline in B. thuringiensis are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Multiple antibiotic resistance of actinomycetes from the nodules and rhizosphere of the alder].

A total of 10 actinomycetous strains isolated from the root nitrogen-fixing tubercles and rhizosphere of alder were studied with respect to their sensitivity to 17 widely used antibiotics. By their cultural and morphological properties the isolates belonged to 3 groups. The strains were characterized by multiple resistance to the antibiotics. They were resistant to nalidixic acid, clindamycin and lincomycin and sensitive to novobiocin and vancomycin. Their behaviour with respect to the other antibiotics was diverse. The resistance spectra were specific of the strains belonging to groups I and II. The strains of group III were more heterogeneous by the character of their antibiotic sensitivity. The results of the study may be used for development of selective conditions for isolation of unusual actinomycetes from the alder tubercles and rhizosphere. The data on the diverse effect of some antibiotics on the growth and development of aerial mycelium of the strains belonging to group III may be used in the studies on cell differentiation of actinomycetes.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1982

[Comparison of the sensitivity patterns of Staphylococci isolated from bovine udders in 1974 and 1980].

In 1974 (1973-1975) the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for 693 strains of staphylococci isolated from bovine udders originating either from the national randomized mastitis survey (A) or from farms with mastitis problems (B) were determined. The antibiotics used were penicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin, neomycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, novobiocin, rifamycin and chlortetracycline. In 1980, 370 strains from the randomized survey were examined for the same antibiotics plus cephalonium, kanamycin and quinaldofur. The proportion of strains originating from the randomized surveys showing a MIC for penicillin higher than 0.16 1. U./ml, was 35.6 per cent in 1974 and 34.1 per cent in 1980. Only minor changes were observed for the majority of other drugs studied. Despite the continued use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of mastitis, changes in the sensitivity of staphylococci were not observed since 1974.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Leukocytoclastic angiitis induced by clindamycin.

A fifty-six-year-old white male diabetic developed leukocytoclastic angiitis after treatment with clindamycin for an infected foot ulcer. The eruption subsided following withdrawal of the drug, recurred when it was re-administered, and cleared after it was again withdrawn. Clindamycin or lincomycin allergy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of leukocytoclastic angiitis in patients who take these drugs.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1982

[Characteristics of clinical strains of anaerobic asporous microorganisms isolated from trauma and orthopedic patients and their antibiotic sensitivity].

The procedure of and the data on the bacteriological investigation of the pathological material collected from 178 patients with purulent inflammatory diseases of various localization (mainly of the locomotor system) are presented. Obligate anaerobes were detected in the specimens of the clinical material from 39 per cent of the patients. Antibiotic sensitivity of 62 strains of the obligate anaerobic bacteria was determined. Of the antibiotics tested, levomycetin, carbenicillin and lincomycin proved to be most active against the anaerobes.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Fusobacteria in Antibacterial agents.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were established by the agar dilution method for 37 strains of Bacteroidaceae: Bacteroides fragilis (18 strains), B. thetaiotaomicron (8 strains), Fusobacterium nucleatum (6 strains), and Fusobacterium spp. (5 strains). The fusobacteria tested showed good susceptibility to beta-lactam-antibiotics, tetracyclines, lincomycins, and nitroimidazole compounds. Bacteria of the B. fragilis group were resistant to most of the penicillins and cephalosporins and could not be suppressed with certainty by nitroimidazoles and older tetracyclines. Doxycycline and minocycline, however, showed sufficient activity, and all our Bacteroides strains tested were sensitive to clindamycin. Especially the good in vitro susceptibility of all Bacteroidaceae strains investigated to cefoxitin may offer new therapeutic possibilities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Susceptibility of the species of genus bacteroides recently isolated from clinical specimens to 20 antimicrobial agents.

Susceptibility of 105 strains of bacteroides species (including 82 strains of B. fragilis, 8 strains of B. distasonis, 5 strains of B. thetaiotaomicron, 4 strains of B. vulgatus, 3 strains of B. ovatus and 3 other strains) isolated from patients to chemotherapeutic agents was determined by an agar dilution technique. Good to excellent inhibition rates (75--100% of strains) were found for carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, apalcillin, minocycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and lincomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Pseudomembranous colitis. Treatment by metronidazole.

Nine cases of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) were observed during a 20-month period. All patients had received, or were taking, antibiotics, in five cases lincomycin. The clinical syndrome of PMC occurred in two patients after a major gastrointestinal operation, in two after fracture of the neck of the femur, and in the remaining five, after administration of antibiotics for inflammatory diseases. The clinical syndrome was characterized by an acute onset of profuse diarrhea, pyrexia, abdominal pain, dehydration, and in four patients confusion or hypotension. The diagnosis was made on the basis of rectosigmoidoscopy and histology. No attempt was made to isolate Cl. difficile or to identify neutralizable fecal toxin. All patients received metronidazole at a dose of 1.5 gr. daily with a good response. Eight patients recovered fully. Only one died.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic preparations of microflora isolated in chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis].

Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis was mainly caused (59.3 per cent) by various gramnegative bacteria. Staphylococcus, Proteus and P. aeruginosa was most frequent. Bacteria were most frequently isolated from associations of 2-5 species and not from monocultures. However, when the patient microflora was studied in dynamics, the whole associations could not be detected in every of the cases. Sensitivity of the causative agents to 23 antibacterial drugs was tested and it was found that the majority of the organisms were sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin, biseptol, hydroxyquinolines (5-NOK, enteroseptol), furazolidon (except P. aeruginosa). P. aeruginosa was in addition sensitive to polymyxin. Proteus and other enterobacteria were sensitive to nevigramon, staphylococci and other grampositive bacteria were sensitive to oxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin and fusidin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

[Some investigations on cefadroxil dry syrup (author's transl)].

MIC of cefadroxil (CDX) against A group beta-Streptococcus was distributed between 0.05-0.2 microgram/ml, that is, more susceptible than cephalexin (CEX) an cefaclor (CCL), and susceptible to tetracycline (TC), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LCM) resistant strains. Serum level was higher than CCL administered orally at the same dose, and urinary excretion ratio after oral administration was good similarly to CEX and CCL. Patients treated were mostly scarlet fever and upper respiratory tract infections as acute tonsillitis and lacunar tonsillitis. They responded well to CDX at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times. All cases of scarlet fever became normal temperature within 2 days. Among 14 cases in which A group beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was detected by pharyngeal sputum culture at admission, 11 cases became negative on the 1st day. This result was superior to CEX, when this drug was administered orally at a daily dose of 40-60 mg/kg, bacteria became negative at the ratio of 73.3% on the 2nd day. CDX was effective for acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, impetigo and maxillary lymphadenitis in which numerous A group beta-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were proven, as well as for acute urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Clinical results of CDX in totalling 69 cases were excellent in 63 cases, good in 6 cases, efficacy ratio being 100%. No local nor systemic side effects were observed in 69 cases including maximum 11 days' treatment, as well as no effect was noticed on hepatic and renal functions. From the above results, it was concluded that satisfactory treatment results may be obtained with CDX dry syrup for children at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times in acute infections due to CDX susceptible pathogens.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

The dynamics of clindamycin-2-phosphate in vivo and its transfer to tissues.

Studies were conducted on clindamycin-2-phosphate, a preparation of clindamycin CLDM developed for injection, and the following results were obtained. 1) The concentration of CLDM phosphate and lincomycin (LCM) in sera were measured in rabbits following continuous intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg over a 60 minute period, and the results were compared in a crossover test. 2) The concentration of CLDM phosphate in the oral tissues of rabbits following continuous intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg over a 60 minute period was found to be a maximum in the submaxillary gland (21.1 microgram/g), followed by the liver, submaxillary lymph nodes, sera and tongue. The concentration of LCM was found to be the highest in the submaxillary gland (20.2 microgram/g), followed by the submaxillary lymph nodes, tongue, sera and liver. 3) The metabolism of CLDM phosphate in vivo was investigated using TCL. CLDM phosphate was found to metabolize to CLDM N-demethyl CLDM in vivo. 4) The peak concentration of CLDM phosphate in human sera following intravenous drip infusion of 600 mg over a 60 minute period averaged 11.9 microgram/ml, while the average concentration of LCM in sera under identical circumstances was approximately twice that of CLDM phosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The susceptibilities of 100 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 45 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis against various antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Rifampin was the most active of all agents tested against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin G was least active, but had the lowest MIC in range. All strains of S. aureus were susceptible to cloxacillin and cephalothin at concentrations of 2 and 4 mcg/ml, respectively. Cloxacillin was less active against S. epidermidis, while cephalothin was more active. Minocycline was more active than doxycycline and tetracycline. Chloramphenicol was not only almost as poor in activity against S. aureus as tetracycline, but also the least active of all agents tested against S. epidermidis. Gentamicin was the most active aminoglycoside. Erythromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin showed the bimodal pattern of susceptibility. These results suggest the marked variability in antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Epidemiology of multiresistant S. aureus in a burn center].

Multi-resistant S. aureus, have been isolated from wounds of patients in the burn unit of the University of Parma. The strains were resistant to penicillin (85%), methicillin (30%), gentamycin (63%), rifampicin (41%), cotrimoxazole (38%), lincomycin (39%), tetracycline (73%), erythromycin (66%) and cephaloridine (11%). The spread of these strains has been monitored by the analysis of the antibiograms and the lysotypes and in few cases some strains were also found in other wards of the Hospital. All of these had some correlation with the burns unit. Medical and technical staff of this ward was found to be carrier of multi-resistant S. aureus in 46% of the cases and that feature is supposed to be the most important in the epidemiology of S. aureus in this Hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

High performance liquid chromatographic method fo pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds and supplements.

A new method for the determination of pyrantel tartrate in swine feed an supplements has been developed because the current official AOAC method is not applicable to feeds co-medicated with tylosin. The new method involves: (a) leaching of drug from feed with methanolic NaCl solution, (b) removal of interfering substances by ion pair liquid-liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography, and (c) quantitation of pyrantel tartrate by monitoring the ultraviolet absorption of the effluent stream at 313nm. The method of standard addition is used to compensate for the effect of the feed matrix on drug recovery. No interference is encountered from tylosin, carbadox, lincomycin, non-drug components of feeds and supplements, or potential degradation products of pyrantel tartrate, i.e., cis isomer of pyrantel tartrate and (E)-N-(3-methylaminopropyl)-2-thiopheneacrylamide. Results for the assay of 3 lots each of feeds and supplements containing 0.0106 and 0.106% pyrantel tartrate, respectively, were within +/-4% of label claim. Coefficients of variation ranged from 1.6 to 1.8% for feeds and from 1.9 to 3.9% for supplements.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

[Antibacterial preparation sensitivity of staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the male genitalia].

The data on the drug sensitivity of 517 staphylococcal strains isolated from the prostate secretion, separate contents of the right and left seminal vesicles, ejaculate and urine of 250 male patients with inflammatory diseases of the genitalia are presented. It is shown that aminoglycoside antibiotics, rifampicin, lincomycin and nitrofurans are the drugs of choice in the treatment of such patients. The resistance of the staphylococcal strains to 14 main antibacterial drugs widely used in the clinical practice was studied for a period of 1971--1978. It was found that the number of the staphylococcal cultures resistant to the drugs except furagin increased. The increase in the resistance level to ampicillin, erythromycin oleandomycin, kanamycin, nevigramon and biseptol was the highest. 95.7 +/- 2.2 per cent of the staphylococcal strains were polyresistant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗