Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Knee Dislocation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Experience with knee arthroplasty.

Knee arthroplasty is a suitable way of treating severely affected joints. During the years 1976-1987, 160 knee arthroplasties were performed at the author's institution. Of 142 followed. 41 cases were of the unconstrained type (Marmor, Bechtol, and Oxford), while 101 cases were of the constrained type (St. Georg hinge and Endo-Model). In the unconstrained group, two infected cases were encountered (one cured, one fused) and three loosenings requiring revision. Prompt and intensive physiotherapy was necessary in this younger and less affected group of patients in order to achieve a functioning knee joint. The average improvement of range of motion was 15 degrees. In the constrained group, full restoration of the normal axis was achieved with full extension; flexion was greater than 100 degrees, and there was a stable joint. Three infections occurred, all in rheumatoid patients. There were two early deaths from unrelated causes. Three late dislocations of the patella, with the knees still functioning, were encountered in this older group of patients with more severely affected joints. Proper function of the unconstrained prosthesis is also questionable in relation to the average geometry of the artificial models in use and the geometry of the human body. This relation, if not accurate, might result in loosening even in a well-installed prosthesis. The constrained artificial joint possessing its own mechanism of function allows full restoration of the leg axis and early ambulation and weight bearing, which are essential for the elderly. Bearing in mind the method of fixation, the function, and the results of the prosthesis used, the implantation of a constrained prosthesis more suitable to the elderly is strongly advised.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Knee injuries in alpine sports].

Knowledge of functional anatomy and cryo-sectional microanatomy are prerequisites for successful intra-articular arthroscopy, assisted ACL reconstruction in documented anterior subluxation of the tibia.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed2004

Nail-patella syndrome in Saudi Arabia with new features and surgical procedures: the first described study.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the occurrence of nail-patella syndrome (NPS) in Saudi Arabia together with the detection of abnormal attachment of lateral meniscus in the left knee and new surgical procedures applied to the right and left knee, reported for the first time in this study. This was a case study of a 23-year-old young man presenting with bilateral knee pain, giving way and locking since the age of 15 years. Clinically, most of the NPS features were noted, including ocular problems. The complex features affected both knees, especially the previous attempted surgeries for recurrent dislocation of patellae. Deficient ligaments were reconstructed using the Leeds-Keio ligament, starting with the right knee and continuing with the left knee 6 months later. Early and late follow-up showed favorable outcome of surgery revealed as independent ambulation and stable right and left knees. In conclusion, NPS, although rare, presents a complex problem and unexpected surgical outcome, and we recommend this procedure with close follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The problem of chondromalacia patellae.

Daily activity subjects the human patella to forces often several times the individual's body weight. Healthy cartilage can adjust to these forces if they are not too excessive, concentrated, or repetitive. Such abnormal stresses most frequently occur with the disturbance of normal patellar mechanical function. Chondromalacia patellae is the result common to a wide variety of unusual traumata. Treatment must be directed primarily not toward the damaged patellar cartilage but toward a correction of the mechanical abnormality causing it. Until proven otherwise, a young female complaining of knee joint pain, particularly if bilateral, should be considered as suffering from a subluxating patella, with or without chondromalacia patellae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Arthroscopic determination of patellofemoral malalignment.

Patellofemoral alignment was determinant by arthroscopy according to the degree of knee flexion at which the lateral facet, the patellar ridge, and the medial facet of the patella gained contact with the femur. The intraarticular pressure was 75 mm Hg. In 17 patients with a normal patellofemoral joint, the lateral facet aligned at a mean knee flexion of 20 degrees, the patellar ridge at 35 degrees, and the medial facet at 50 degrees. Twelve patients with patellar subluxation showed no difference in the alignment of the lateral facet, but differed significantly with regard to alignment of both the ridge and the medial facet with contact at a mean flexion of 55 degrees and 85 degrees, respectively. The median measurements in 20 patients with idiopathic anterior knee pain did not deviate significantly from the normal material. However, the dispersion was increased significantly, with eight patients having increased measurements consistent with malalignment and three having decreased measurements below the lower limit of normal alignment. Patients with idiopathic anterior knee pain apparently can be reclassified according to the arthroscopically determined alignment, which may prove important in the treatment of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute patellar dislocation in children: incidence and associated osteochondral fractures.

In a prospective two-year study on urban (city of Helsinki) Finnish children, 72 acute patellar dislocations were observed. The calculated annual incidence rate was 43/100,000 in children under 16 years. A total of 28 knees (39%) had associated osteochondral fractures. These fractures comprised 15 capsular avulsions of the medial patellar margin and 15 loose intra-articular fragments detached from the patella and/or lateral femoral condyle. The intra-articular fragments were found only after spontaneous relocation of the patella. The femoral fracture constantly involved the edge of the articular surface in the middle third of the condylar arc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Primary osteoarthrosis of the knee or hip. Prevalence of Heberden nodes in relation to age and sex.

One hundred twenty probands with primary osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee were examined prospectively; there were 194 controls. In addition, 193 patients with hip or knee arthrosis were examined retrospectively. Restriction of rotation on physical examination accurately differentiated arthrotic hips from normal ones. Among women, 38% of the controls and 49% of the probands had Heberden nodes (P more than .1). Their prevalence increased with age. Individuals with multiple arthrosis joints were not older than those with single joint involvement, and they has a similar prevalence of nodes. Of the probands, 14% had arthrosis of both the knee and hip. Of those with bilateral hip arthrosis, 33% had knee arthrosis as well. Heberden nodes are unrelated to osteoarthrosis of the knee or hip. Knee and hip arthroses frequently occur together and remain confined to the initially affected joints. They may have a common cause.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenesis and prevention of spastic hip dislocation].

Based on retrospective analysis of 82 hips of 41 patients with cerebral palsy, a pathogenetic model of spastic paralytic dislocation of the hip is introduced including recent observations of the normal hip development. According to this model the reduced activity of the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and quadriceps femoris muscles, which normally cause a decrease of valgus and anteversion, results in an increased subluxating coxa valga antetorta with a consecutive dislocation. In order to prevent a dislocation, these muscle groups have to undergo increased activation. Since walking has to be to undergo increased activation. Since walking has to be considered the strongest stimulus for the dislocation-preventing hip abductors, hip extensors, outward rotators and knee extensors, the erect gait should be encouraged with statomotorically favored children early as possible. This can be supported by muscle relaxing surgery of the antagonistically effective hip flexors, hip adductors and inward rotators as well as the knee flexors. These muscle release operations will counteract, although to a limited extent, a dislocation even with a severely handicapped child who is unable to walk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties.

The purpose of the current study was to directly compare the results of fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties in the same patient who had bilateral simultaneous total knee replacements. A fixed-bearing total knee prosthesis (AMK) was implanted in one knee and a mobile-bearing total knee prosthesis (LCS) was implanted in the other knee in 116 patients. The average age of the patients was 65 years (range, 33-70 years). The average followup was 7.4 years (range, 6-8 years). Clinical and radiographic followup was done using Knee Society and Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating systems at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year after surgery, and yearly thereafter. Total knee score, pain score, mean functional score, and range of motion were comparable in both groups. Two knee replacements (2%) in one patient with AMK prostheses were revised because of complete wear of tibial bearing polyethylene. One knee replacement (1%) in one patient with an LCS prosthesis was revised because of dislocation of the medial tibial bearing polyethylene and one knee replacement (1%) in one patient with an LCS prosthesis was revised because of complete wear of the medial tibial bearing polyethylene. No knee had aseptic loosening or osteolysis in either group. After a minimum followup of 6 years, the results of fixed- and mobile-bearing total knee prostheses in the current series are favorable. However, there is no evidence to prove the superiority of the mobile-bearing total knee design.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The total condylar knee prosthesis. A report of two hundred and twenty cases.

The total condylar knee prosthesis is a non-hinged surface replacement which can be used for almost all knee deformities. This report discusses the first consecutive 220 arthroplasties in 183 patients. Follow-up time was three to five years. Before operation eighty-six knees had more than 10 degrees of fixed varus deformity and thirty-one knees had more than 10 degrees of fixed valgus deformity. All patients were assessed using The Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system. Of the total of 220 knees, 137 (62%) were rated excellent; sixty-one (28%), good; ten (4.5%), fair; and twelve (5.5%), poor. Of 139 osteoarthritic knees, 93% were rated excellent or good. Complications included three deep infections and four cases of posterior subluxation. The over-all reoperation rate was 3.6%.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2006

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with lateral patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament has been proven to restore stability in patients with lateral patellar instability. No study to date has examined the results in a patient population with the predisposing factor of femoral trochlear dysplasia. HYPOTHESIS: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament restores stability and provides pain relief in patients who have lateral patellar instability in association with trochlear dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with chronic patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia were treated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using an adductor tendon autograft, bone-quadriceps tendon autograft, or bone-patellar tendon allograft. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner scores at a minimum of 24 months. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were followed for a mean of 66.5 months (range, 24-130 months) after surgery. Kujala scores improved from 53.3 to 90.7, Lysholm scores improved from 52.4 to 92.1, and Tegner activity scores improved from 3.1 to 5.1. All improvements were highly statistically significant (P < .001). No statistical difference was found between the postoperative Lysholm, Kujala, and Tegner scores and the degree of dysplasia, graft type, or degree of symptoms. There were 85.3% and 91.1% good and excellent results based on Kujala and Lysholm scores, respectively. No recurrent dislocations have occurred. CONCLUSION: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction provides excellent long-term pain relief and functional return in patients with patellar instability and femoral trochlear dysplasia. In addition, reconstruction prevents recurrent dislocation, despite the diminished bony constraint of a dysplastic trochlea.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Is there a place for patellofemoral arthroplasty?

Indications for patellofemoral arthroplasty were studied based on a 2- to 10-year followup review. Of 183 patellofemoral prostheses implanted between 1980 and 1990, 104 were associated with unicompartmental arthroplasty, and 79 were implanted alone. Thirteen patients were lost to followup. The results of 66 patellofemoral arthroplasties are reported at an average followup of 66 months. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 57 years. Underlying causes of the osteoarthritis included patellar dislocation or dysplasia (22), patellar fracture (20), and primary osteoarthritis (24). A metallic femoral groove was associated with a polyethylene patella with no metal backing. Two (9%) prostheses were revised in the dysplasia group, 1 (5%) in the posttraumatic group, and 7 (29%) in the primary osteoarthritis group. In this latter group, the indications of patellofemoral arthroplasty must be restricted to lesions of the patellofemoral joint in a knee in neutral axis evaluated preoperatively on full standing and stress radiographs. The best results of patellofemoral arthroplasty were obtained in osteoarthritis after patellar dislocation or patellar fracture.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute patellar dislocations. The natural history.

Of 27 patients sustaining primary patellar dislocations, 20 were treated with immobilization and subsequent physiotherapy (including nine patients who underwent arthroscopy) and seven with immediate surgical stabilization and lateral release. The patients with predisposing factors such as patellofemoral malalignment, abnormal patellar configuration, and a history of prior symptoms of instability were more prone to recurrent dislocation and may benefit from operative intervention. Although the incidence of recurrence among those individuals can be decreased, at least 30% to 50% of all patients having sustained a primary patellar dislocation will continue to have symptoms of instability and/or anterior knee pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Correction of knee deformity in patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.

Six knees in three patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome were treated with lateral soft tissue release and corrective osteotomy of the tibia at 10 years of age on average. The main feature was valgus deformity with lateral dislocation of the patella. All patellae were reduced. The valgus deformity improved from 35 degrees (range, 48 degrees-20 degrees) to 17 degrees (range, 35 degrees-5 degrees) of the femorotibial angle (FTA) on average, although the FTA in five of six knees was < 5 degrees after surgery. There was one recurrent case and one transient peroneal nerve palsy. The reason for undercorrection was a depression of the lateral tibial plateau. The deformity of the articular surface is the most important problem in correcting the valgus deformity of the knee in this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A two year in vivo study of polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel (PVA-H) artificial meniscus.

For the recognized importance of knee meniscus function, the treatment of meniscus injury has been changing from resection to repair. However, depending on the type of injury, meniscectomy sometimes cannot be avoided. In such a case, it is important to anticipate the future problem of degenerative change or osteoarthrosis in the knee joint. In consideration of the prognosis and circumstances in such patients, we have developed an artificial meniscus using polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel (PVA-H) for salvage. We have already reported the results up to 1 year after animal operation. The present study investigated the results in postoperative 2.0 years to assess further the use of artificial meniscus. In the results, the articular cartilage state of knee joint implanted PVA-H meniscus was good even after 2 years, while Osteoarthrosis (OA) change progressed in meniscectomy knee joint. In addition, neither wear, dislocation nor breakage of PVA-H was observed. These results proved that an artificial meniscus using PVA-H can compensate for meniscal function and might be clinically applicable.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Proximal tibiofibular subluxation relationship to lateral knee pain: a review of proximal tibiofibular joint pathologies.

Proximal tibiofibular subluxation is the symptomatic hypermobility of the proximal tibiofibular joint. Pain along the lateral aspect of the knee must be carefully evaluated as the anatomy and biomechanics of this region are very complex. Anatomical variants of the proximal tibiofibular joint may be key to understanding the pathomechanics and, thus, treatment of this joint. The "horizontal" proximal tibiofibular joint has a higher degree of mobility, while the "oblique" joint is relatively immobile to rotational forces on the fibula. Increased fibular external rotation will result in injury to the anterior capsule and ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint causing common complaints of "popping" and lateral knee pain. Treatment of proximal tibiofibular subluxation will involve modifications of a patient's activity level and training programs, utilization of a supportive strap, lower leg strengthening, and modifications in the lower kinetic chain biomechanics.

Adolescent↗