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PubMed2001

Internet resources for podiatric medical students.

This paper presents a selection of Internet resources covering most of the subject areas found in standard medical education curricula. Basic sciences sites are emphasized, but clinical resources are also included. Reported sites were judged based on their potential to enhance the learning process, provide practice questions or study guides for examinations, or aid in the preparation of papers. In addition to podiatric medical students, residents and practitioners who require a quick reference source to either the basic science foundations of podiatric medicine or the clinical side of podiatric practice may find this paper useful.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Where there is no vision the people perish.

Forces are already in motion that will change the future of health sciences librarianship. In addition to changes in academic health centers, changes in the publishing industry, the mode of delivering information by librarians, the use of computers to manipulate and make information available, the user's access to information, and communications technology are briefly described. The author proposes that health sciences librarians can participate in the creative process of constructing their professional future by being informed, expanding cooperative efforts, planning, ceasing a romanticized view of the profession, and becoming achievers rather than sustainers.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

Secure and protected network connection between medical and external networks.

Internal and world-wide communication, access to medical databases, and information services are essential demands in the science of medicine not only for research, but also for improving patient care. A network connection between the medical network of the Erlangen University Hospital and other international networks was examined as a concept within the scope of a Erlangen Hospital Communication System (EKKS) project and tested with an actual installation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Utility of the case-method approach for the integration of clinical and basic science in surgical education.

BACKGROUND: Although students develop experience in integrating clinical and basic scientific knowledge, it may be difficult for them to do so in patient management. Formalized instructions using case discussions that involve the integration of basic science concepts may facilitate their incorporation into practice. METHODS: Third-year surgical clerkship students were pretested for baseline knowledge of information relevant to the case being discussed. Facilitators, including a faculty surgeon and a pharmacologist or physiologist, assisted in developing the case and in the coordination of questions. Following two 90-minute, student-driven sessions and student review of bibliographic resources, consensus was reached regarding the appropriate utilization of the basic science and clinical information in patient management. RESULTS: Pre- and post-tests of the students' knowledge showed improvements in their performances by the seminars. CONCLUSION: The case method permitted instructors to assess specific areas of increased knowledge and to adjust subsequent teaching to improve the one area in which performance worsened.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Unmatured science and government regulation.

A common feature of much scientific information reflected in government regulation is its passage directly from the laboratory into government decision without benefit of review and interpretation. This pattern can be attributed to a variety of factors. One is the incentives that lead government agencies to act quickly and conservatively in the name of protection of human health. Another is the relatively lengthy process of traditional review and interpretation via professional meetings and scientific publication. Yet, the case appears very strong for preserving, if foreshortening, the stages of peer review of otherwise unmatured data used in regulation. Several schemes of this sort have been tried in the past few years-some with apparent success. These are discussed alongside the proposal for a science court-a quasi-judicial vehicle for rendering judgements about scientific findings.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1989

Application of molecular biology in exercise physiology.

Past progress in exercise biochemical research has often depended on the use of knowledge and techniques which were originally reported from other disciplines. With the advent of newer methodologies in molecular biology, the purpose of this review has been to document the status of information gained from the application of molecular biological techniques to questions in exercise physiology. Furthermore, this review has speculated how new methods in molecular biology might be employed to answer classic questions in exercise physiology. A powerful revolution in science, that is, molecular biology, will provide new information about exercise mechanisms, which ideally will improve the training programs for elite athletes as well as continue to be associated with the public's interest in exercise training.

Exercise↗
PubMed2006

Biology of the rabbit.

In recognition of Dr. Nathan Brewer's many years of dedicated service to AALAS and the community of research animal care specialists, the premier issue of JAALAS includes the following compilation of Dr. Brewer's essays on rabbit anatomy and physiology. These essays were originally published in the ASLAP newsletter (formerly called Synapse), and are reprinted here with the permission and endorsement of that organization. I would like to thank Nina Hahn, Jane Lacher, and Nancy Austin for assistance in compiling these essays. Publishing this information in JAALAS allows Dr. Brewer's work to become part of the searchable literature for laboratory animal science and medicine and also assures that the literature references and information he compiled will not be lost to posterity. However, readers should note that this material has undergone only minor editing for style, has not been edited for content, and, most importantly, has not undergone peer review. With the agreement of the associate editors and the AALAS leadership, I elected to forego peer review of this work, in contradiction to standard JAALAS policy, based on the status of this material as pre-published information from an affiliate organization that holds the copyright and on the esteem in which we hold for Dr. Brewer as a founding father of our organization.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

WHO expert committee on specifications for pharmaceutical preparations.

The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO's constitutional functions is to provide objective and reliable information and advice in the field of human health, a responsibility that it fulfils in part through its extensive programme of publications. The Organization seeks through its publications to support national health strategies and address the most pressing public health concerns of populations around the world. To respond to the needs of Member States at all levels of development, WHO publishes practical manuals, handbooks and training material for specific categories of health workers; internationally applicable guidelines and standards; reviews and analyses of health policies, programmes and research; and state-of-the-art consensus reports that offer technical advice and recommendations for decision-makers. These books are closely tied to the Organization's priority activities, encompassing disease prevention and control, the development of equitable health systems based on primary health care, and health promotion for individuals and communities. Progress towards better health for all also demands the global dissemination and exchange of information that draws on the knowledge and experience of all WHO's Member countries and the collaboration of world leaders in public health and the biomedical sciences. To ensure the widest possible availability of authoritative information and guidance on health matters, WHO secures the broad international distribution of its publications and encourages their translation and adaptation. By helping to promote and protect health and prevent and control disease throughout the world, WHO's books contribute to achieving the Organization's principal objective--the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2005

Lesbian families and family functioning: an overview.

OBJECTIVES: In the last 30 years a growing body of studies on lesbian parents and the development of children has been published. METHODS: Four computerized databases were identified studies for inclusion in this review of research on lesbian families, namely PsychInfo, Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medline, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. RESULTS: Forty-four empirical studies on lesbian families published between 1978 and 2003 were reviewed. In the research on lesbian families two phases were identified. To begin with, systematic studies on lesbian families focused on lesbian families with children who were born in a previous heterosexual relationship. More recently, studies included lesbian families whose children were born to the lesbian couple (planned lesbian families). In both phases, articles reporting results on children's development (such as sexual identity, emotional/behavioral development, social relationships and cognitive functioning), and parental functioning (such as mental psychological health and parenting skills). This paper presents and discusses major finding of the reviewed articles. CONCLUSION: Studies in both phases have emphasized that lesbian and heterosexual families are very much alike. However, it is the stigma of lesbianism that makes the family situation of lesbian families different. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare workers should be informed about the similarities and differences between lesbian families and heterosexual families, and about the non-traditional family situation of planned lesbian families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Production and reproductive responses to use of DairyMAN: a management information system for New Zealand dairy herds.

To assess the benefits of on-farm use of a computerized management information system (DairyMAN, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand) on seasonally calving herds of New Zealand, data for 144 herds using this system were compared with a stratified random sample of 294 herds using only the centralized National Dairy Database system during the season 1993 to 1994. Demographic, reproductive performance, and milk yield indices were compared. Herds using DairyMAN had superior reproductive outcomes, measured as a higher percentage (+8.4%) of cows calving during the desired seasonal period (critical in this seasonal system) and a higher percentage of cows (+9.7%) mated at the optimal time to achieve a concentrated calving in the following year. Multiple analysis of covariance was used to differentiate effects. The superior performance was not associated with differences in some of the more commonly used reproductive indices (efficiency of estrus detection, first service nonreturn rate, and pregnancy rate), but the data used in the study do not accurately reflect true performance. Herds using DairyMAN had more information on breeding performance because pregnancy data were available and natural breedings were recorded for a longer period. With cows of equivalent genetic merit, herds using DairyMAN produced more milk (+1.2 L/d per cow) indicating that users achieved better management of the herd through improved attention to managerial details. This improved production was associated with the adoption of DairyMAN but is not shown by this study to be a direct consequence of it. DairyMAN user herds were larger (245 cows) than were herds not using the system (181 cows), but this difference did not significantly affect the various outcomes measured.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

An approach to designing a national climate service.

Climate variability and change are considerably important for a wide range of human activities and natural ecosystems. Climate science has made major advances during the last two decades, yet climate information is neither routinely useful for nor used in planning. What is needed is a mechanism, a national climate service (NCS), to connect climate science to decision-relevant questions and support building capacity to anticipate, plan for, and adapt to climate fluctuations. This article contributes to the national debate for an NCS by describing the rationale for building an NCS, the functions and services it would provide, and how it should be designed and evaluated. The NCS is most effectively achieved as a federal interagency partnership with critically important participation by regional climate centers, state climatologists, the emerging National Integrated Drought Information System, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Regional Integrated Sciences Assessment (RISA) teams in a sustained relationship with a wide variety of stakeholders. Because the NCS is a service, and because evidence indicates that the regional spatial scale is most important for delivering climate services, given subnational geographical/geophysical complexity, attention is focused on lessons learned from the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group's 10 years of experience, the first of the NOAA RISA teams.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A guide and glossary on post-positivist theory building for population health.

This guide and glossary focuses on the role of theory and conceptual models within population health research. Upon discussing the critical need for theory in conducting interdisciplinary research, it provides strategies for crafting theories that can be empirically tested and a glossary of theory building terms that are useful for guiding research. In addition to general concepts, the glossary includes some terminology commonly found in the social sciences, whose well established traditions and practices of formal theory building may be particularly informative for epidemiologists and other population health researchers who have minimal formal social science training, but study social factors in their research.

Empirical Research↗