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At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Immunization of hepatitis B vaccine integrated with expanded program on immunization schedule in children].

We studied the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine integrated with of EPI. 180 children (0-9 months of age) from three towns of Shunde County were randomly divided in to three groups (two trial groups and one control group). Which were vaccinated by three different immunization schedule. The serum antibodies to different vaccines were measured before and after immunization. The results show that the seroconversion rate and GMT of each EPI vaccine are conformed with the expected EPI indexes. The seroconversion rate of anti-HBs antibody is found no significantly different among the three groups. The titres of pertussis agglutinating and three types polio neutralizing antibody is higher in trial groups than that in the control group. We conclude that the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine can be integrated into the EPI schedule. And third dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be simultaneously given with measles vaccine.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antidiphtheria immunity in children after immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine and ADPT-M toxoid].

Antidiphtheria immunity in children aged 3-15 years was evaluated, depending on their age, the vaccinal preparation chosen for immunization and the immunization schedule. Adsorbed DPT vaccine was shown to have a higher immunological activity in comparison with adsorbed DT toxoid with reduced antigen content. The relationship between the tension of antidiphtheria antitoxic immunity in children and the possibility of the formation of the clinical forms of diphtheria with different severity in the patients was established. Children aged 4-6 years were considered to be a group of high risk in diphtheria morbidity, as it was among the children of this group that toxic and subtoxic forms of diphtheria were most often registered (44.9 +/- 7.1% of the examinees); in addition, a high proportion of children seronegative to this infection (26,3 +/- 2.2%) was observed in this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A study on immunization of polio vaccine. I. Observation on an improved immunization schedule].

This artical reports the result of serological observation on an improved immunization schedule of polio vaccine. The result shows that a good response can be obtained by immunizing an additional dose of the vaccine on the children of 18-24 month of age.serological convertion type I of neutralization antibody can be improved from 85% up to 96%, type II from 84% to 100%, and type III from 91% to 100%, with great increase of all the three types. The study proves that the additional immunization of the vaccine will effectively control over the incidence occurrence of the children who have received three doses of the vaccine within 3 years of age. An nation-wide extensive inoculation of the vaccine among the children who have received three doses of the vaccine is suggested. 81% of neonates inoculated with the vaccine within 24 hours after birth can discharge the polio-vaccine-virus through their intestinal canal and the inoculation has some effect on the improvement of the seroconversion obtained from the immunization of the three doses of the vaccine afterwards.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Nasal immunization with tetanus toxoid increases the subsequent systemic dimeric IgA1 antibody response to intramuscular immunization.

We have investigated the effects of nasal immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT) on the subsequent systemic IgA response. Healthy adult volunteers who had not had a TT boost for at least five years received either an intra-muscular (IM) TT immunization alone (n = 19) or first an intra-nasal and then two weeks later an IM immunization (n = 27). The serum and circulating B cell IgG and IgA1 antibody response to TT were measured. When compared to subjects who received only an IM immunization, those who were nasally primed had increased serum levels of dimeric IgA1 antibodies to TT and an increased number of B cells secreting IgA1 antibodies to TT. These data indicate that mucosal antigen exposure is one of the mechanisms involved in the induction of systemic serum IgA1 response.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

[The informativeness of determining circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins during immunization].

The authors suggest using measurements of the concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the PEG precipitation method and of immunoglobulins by radial immunodiffusion technique for monitoring the patients after immunization with rhesus antigen (n = 20), with staphylococcal antitoxin (n = 59), and after renal allograft transplantation (n = 18). The results evidence that CIC level measurements by the PEG precipitation method are valuable in the monitoring of rhesus-immunized patients. The authors suggest including such measurements in the complex of tests for examination of rhesus-immunized donors.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental study of schistosome immune RNA on transfer of cellular and humoral immunity to normal mice].

The present paper reported the extraction of immune RNA (iRNA) from spleen cells of Schistosoma japonicum infected rabbits and the activity of this schistosome iRNA (SiRNA) on transfer of cellular immunity and humoral immunity using macrophage migratory inhibition test (MMIT) and Dot-ELISA. The results indicated that specific cellular immunity could be transferred to normal mice by SiRNA either via in vivo or in vitro sensitization. Intraperitoneal inoculation of SiRNA to normal mice may result in production of specific antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Induction of a mucosal immune response by oral immunization. An overview.

The function of secretory antibodies is to prevent or limit the entrance of pathogens into the internal milieu of the body. The mucosal immune system may be stimulated by orally applied immunomodulators. Oral immunization circumvents the stringent criteria for injectable vaccines and large populations can be immunized simultaneously. Oral immunization may improve the chances in eliminating severe respiratory diseases, venereal diseases and infectious diarrhoea. In this overview the results of 144 international publications are discussed critically.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Stress and immunity. The role of stress in auto-immunity of Basedow's disease].

The possible influence of stress on the immune system, long since suspected by the clinicians in their daily practice, was confirmed by human and animal studies, some of which being recent. Stress generally exert an immunosuppressive effect, but some of its characteristics (nature, duration, intensity, controllability of the stressing situation) can modulate this response, amplifying or reversing it. The concerned mechanisms are complex, involving the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamo-pituitary complex and its target-glands through hormonal receptors born on immunocompetent cells. The immune system, conversely, is able to inform the brain about the interference of non cognitive stimuli (viruses, bacteria, tumors) through immunologic cell-derived immunohormones active in the central nervous system. Thus, close immune-neuroendocrine interactions exist, in order to cope with stress of all kinds. The stress can act in Graves' disease by depressing the T suppressive function via the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, by eliciting the secretion of catecholamines capable of initiating an hyperthyroidism, by facilitating through its immunosuppressive action a viral infection that can have a part in initiating the auto-immune process.

Autoimmunity↗
PubMed1990

[Circulating immune complexes and the immune system in hemorrhagic vasculitis].

The paper is concerned with the results of studying the concentration of circulating immune complexes and immune system (the number of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in the peripheral blood, the level of serum immunoglobulins) in 45 patients aged 10 to 72 years with hemorrhagic vasculitis depending on the disease pattern and course before and after the treatment. The patients suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis manifested appreciable changes in humoral immunity and negligible derangement of cellular immunity associated with dramatic enhancement of complex formation. The intensity of the alterations was discovered to be dependent on the pattern and course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of an immune antibacterial plasma and a donor leukocyte mass on the immune system of patients with suppurative-septic processes].

The influence of immune antistaphylococcal, anti-Proteus and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasma and donor leukocyte mass on some humoral and cell-mediated immunity characteristics in patients with purulent and septic diseases has been studied. The study has shown that treatment with immune plasma leads to an increase in the amount of circulating T lymphocytes and in the concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG, to the activation of phagocytosis and to an increase in the titers of the corresponding antimicrobial antibodies simultaneously with a decrease in the content of bacterial antigens in the blood serum. Treatment with donor leukocyte mass has also been found to lead to an increase in the concentration of T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins, to enhance the functional activity of phagocytizing neutrophils and to promote the normalization of the content of leukocytes in the peripheral blood. The use of these preparations as stimulating agents in the treatment of patients having purulent septic diseases and, simultaneously, low cell-mediated immunity characteristics is recommended.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Immune response and reactions to simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine with routine vaccine in children. I. Immune response and reactions to simultaneous administration of DPT, TOPV and hepatitis B vaccine].

This paper reports the result of the immune response and reactions to simultaneous administration of DPT, TOPV and hepatitis B vaccine. 180 children (0-5 months of age) were divided into three groups. Group one was vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine alone, group two was vaccinated with DPT, TOPV vaccine, and group three was vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, DPT and TOPV vaccine simultaneously. The result of the immune response to the combination of hepatitis B with DPT, TOPV vaccines were similar to that observed after immunization with each vaccine alone. The general reactions of all vaccines were mild, no significant difference between each group was noted. The study demonstrated that children can be immunized with hepatitis B vaccine and DPT, TOPV vaccines simultaneously.

Diphtheria Toxoid↗
PubMed1985

Dietary fat and immune function. II. Effects on immune complex nephritis in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

(NZB x NZW)F1 mice initiated on fat restriction at weanling were significantly protected from the development of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Whereas the mice on high-fat intake demonstrated immune depositions both in capillary walls and mesangial areas in a diffuse granular pattern, those on a low-fat diet with caloric content similar to the high-fat diets exhibited mesangial confinement of the depositions of immunoglobulins, complement, and retroviral gp70. In association with these divergent patterns of immune deposition, the mice on high-fat diets had evidence of extensive diffuse cellular proliferation, wire loop lesion, and sclerosis in the glomeruli. In contrast, most of the mice on the low-fat diet showed only mesangial cell and matrix proliferations. In addition, the group of mice fed high saturated fat showed more severe glomerular pathology as compared to those fed high unsaturated fat. Paradoxically, levels of circulating immune complexes (as measured by the polyethylene glycol precipitation technique) in the high saturated fat group were low and did not correlate with the findings by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. These findings suggest that dietary fat restriction can serve as either a prophylactic or effective therapeutic approach to murine lupus nephritis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune deposits and immune complex disease.

Presence in tissues of immune deposits containing antigens, antibodies and complement is the hallmark of immune complex disease. In the Review the present concepts concerning the pathogenesis of inflammatory injury associated with immune deposits resulting from a local deposition of circulating immune complexes or formed 'in situ' are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Transposition immunity in bacteriophage Mu. The effect of a mutation at the kil gene on the establishment of immunity].

Bacteriophage Mu is characterized by a phenomenon similar to the transposition immunity of TnA: the frequency of transposition of Mu or mini-Mu into plasmids containing certain phage sequences is reduced by two orders of magnitude. In order to lend transposition immunity to Mu, the recipient replicon must contain a sequence of phage DNA including a 5.1 kb early region from the c-end of Mu. The product of the kil (or cim) gene takes part in establishing the immunity. The transposition immunity of Mu is connected with the disturbance of cointegrate formation.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Immunization of children infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services.

This document is intended to summarize available information and to assist health-care providers in developing policies for the immunization of children infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) [now known as the human immunodeficiency virus], the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These policies may vary depending upon the prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection and the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the community, individual assessment of a child's health status, and the risks and benefits of immunization in a particular situation. This discussion considers the risks and benefits of immunization for children residing in the United States based on the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection and is intended for use by health-care providers in the United States. The recommendations may not pertain to other countries with different risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection among children. Since these recommendations are based upon information and knowledge available at this time, periodic reassessment and revision will be required as more data concerning risk and benefits associated with immunization of HTLV-III/LAV-infected children become known and as the prevalences of specific vaccine-preventable diseases and HTLV-III infection change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

The effect of ubiquinone-7 and its metabolites on the immune response. IV. Chemical structure-adjuvant activity relationship of quinonyl derivatives on humoral immune response.

The effects of the emulsion of quinonyl acids (QS-n, ES-n, KS-n) and related compounds (QSA-n) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant on the humoral immune response to bacterial alpha-amylase were assayed, and their structure-adjuvant activity relationships were discussed. All the quinonyl acids tested (500 microgram/mouse) enhanced the humoral immune response two to seven times as much as that of the control group, five weeks after immunization. 3'-Methyl and 2', 3'-double bond in the carboxy side chains of ubiquinone metabolites (Q acid-I, -II) were not essential for the adjuvant activity. The conversion of methoxyls on the quinone ring into methyls, and that of benzoquinone into phenol also did not affect the activity, but the activity seemed to depend on the carbon number of the carboxy side chain, and the prominent adjuvant activity was observed in the carboxylates having the carboxyalkyl chain of five to seven carbons. High doses (1 or 5 mg/mouse) of ubiquinone-7 and -2 enhanced the humoral immune response two to three times as much as that of the control group, and quinonyl alcohols (QSA-n) enhanced that with low dose (500 microgram/mouse).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

[Elimination of Klebsiella pneumoniae and humoral immunity in immunization with the IS-4 immunostimulating mixture].

The present investigation has revealed that in mice, immunized with preparation HC-4 (an immunostimulating agent consisting of water-soluble antigenic complexes obtained from 4 opportunistic microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus, Proteus and Escherichia coli K-100 having a common antigen with Haemophilus influenzae) and challenged with K. pneumoniae culture on day 7 after immunization, the complete elimination of K. pneumoniae from the blood occurs within 24 hours. The subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with the above preparation leads to a significant increase in antibody titers, determined in the passive hemagglutination test with Klebsiella diagnosticum. The test of the passive protection of mice from Klebsiella sepsis has revealed a rise in the preventive activity of the sera of rabbits immunized with this preparation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Cooperation of immune lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells during Listeria monocytogenes-mediated tumor immunity.

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in admixture with cells from a murine, chemically induced tumor retarded local tumor development in the syngeneic host. Intra-footpad growth of 10(4) tumor cells was equally inhibited by 4 x 10(4) admixed LM in normal or LM-immune mice indicating that concomitant or prior immunity to LM was equally effective in suppressing tumor growth. Development of cellular immunity to viable LM was required for tumor rejection. Mice prevented from developing anti-LM immunity by inoculation of dead bacteria were also incapable of inhibiting tumor growth. Further, a functionally active reticuloendothelial system was essential for nonspecific inhibition of tumor development as temporary "paralysis" of the reticuloendothelial system by a prior injection of 10(9) heat-killed LM reduced the effectiveness of LM-mediated tumor suppression. Histological examination of LM or LM tumor-injected sites revealed a stepwise development of LM-mediated inflammatory reaction of delayed type associated with gradual degeneration of the adjacent tumor cells.

Animals↗