Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hyperthyroidism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Hyperthyroidism from placental choriocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)].

The first case of placental choriocarcinoma producing clinical hyperthyroidism reported in France is described. Recovery occurred, with disappearance of the choriocarcinoma metastases and hyperthyroidism signs, after chemotherapy alone (vincristine and methotrexate). A review of the seven cases reported in the published literature showed that the hyperthyroidism could be related to the thyroid-stimulating activity of the tumoral gonadotropin (HCG).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Hyperthyroidism].

Hyperthyroidism may result from excessive synthesis for thyroid hormones, from leaking of stored hormones in inflammatory thyroid disease, or from the inappropriate ingestion of thyroid hormones or iodine containing drugs. An overview of the clinical picture and the different types of hyperthyroidism as well as the various approaches used in the diagnostic work-up and in the therapy of hyperthyroidism is presented.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed1994

Neuroelectrophysiological evaluation of untreated hyperthyroid patients.

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrinologic disorder affecting many organ systems. Musculoskeletal and neurological involvement present themselves as fatigue, muscle weakness and paralysis. Electromyography (EMG) is essential for differential diagnosis of muscle weakness. Well defined neuropathy and myopathy have been described in these patients. In the present study 17 hyperthyroid patients were evaluated with electrophysiological tests in addition to physical and neurological examinations and biochemical laboratory studies. Needle EMG, motor and sensory conduction velocities, median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were studied. For assessment of the activity of disease clinical status, neurological symptom and disability scores and serum T3, T4 and TSH levels were examined. Statistical analysis of neuroelectrophysiological findings of the patient and the control groups yielded meaningful difference in the needle EMG, sensory conduction velocity and evoked potential findings. Abnormalities were observed in 80% of the proximal muscles besides polyphasic potentials that were seen in 20% of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. Median, ulnar and sural nerve sensory action potential amplitudes were found to be lower than that of the control group. Sural sensory nerve conduction velocity of patients was decreased in 35.5%, prolongation of median SEP latencies and increase in the amplitudes were not however statistically significant. Prolongation of Tibial SEP N1, P2 latencies were seen in 47%, amplitudes of N1 were increased in 88.2%, P2 in 58.8%, N2 in 47%. The thyroid clinical status score was correlated with Tibial SEPs amplitude. These findings suggest the presence of an initial axonal type of mild polyneuropathy. As a conclusion electrophysiological studies can be useful in the diagnosis of asymptomatic polyneuropathy in hyperthyroid patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Therapeutic 131I dose in hyperthyroidism: role of pretreatment with thionamide.

Radioiodine therapy has become a cornerstone of treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, the timing of its administration varies between 1) the time of initial diagnosis with concurrent therapy with beta adrenergic blocking drugs or 2) following induction of euthyroidism with thioamide, Propylthiouracil or Methimazole. This study assessed 24-HR 131I uptake values and the thyroid scan in 24 subjects with hyperthyroidism at the time of diagnosis and again after attaining the euthyroid state with Propylthiouracil or Methimazole. Propylthiouracil of Methimazole was withdrawn seven days prior to the second 24-HR 131I uptake and scan. In all subjects, as a group, 24-HR 131I uptake increased following antithyroid therapy as compared to the time of initial of diagnosis [76 + 5% Vs. 54 + 4%; p < 0.01]. The thyroid gland size decreased in nine of twenty-four subjects, but remained unchanged in the remaining subjects. Since 24-HR 131I uptake and the gland size are the major factors influencing the therapeutic radioiodine dosage, it is possible that initial therapy with thioamide drugs may reduce the therapeutic dose of 131I in subjects with hyperthyroidism belonging to both groups, i.e., Graves' disease and Multinodular toxic goiter by inducing a rise in 24-HR 131I uptake. Furthermore, the shrinkage of thyroid glands may further decrease the radioiodine dosage in patients with Graves' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of thymic enlargement with hyperthyroidism].

A case of thymic enlargement with hyperthyroidism is reported. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in an 18-year-old woman, and a chest roentgenogram showed an anterior mediastinal mass. The mass had shrunk after anti-thyroid medication was given. This patient was thought to have thymic hyperplasia associated with hyperthyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism].

The most important problems of hyperthyroidism surgery are: the correct indication of operation, the choice of the best moment for operation and at last the extension of the resection. The authors experience include 365 patients with hyperthyroidism; 201 of them had monolateral autonomous nodules, 82 had diffuse multinodular goitre and 79 had Graves disease. In the first group of patients surgical treatment was total extracapsular isthmo-lobectomy, in the second group was performed subtotal thyroidectomy and in the third group was almost performed near-total thyroidectomy. Three relapses were found: two of that regarded patients with autonomous function nodule and one in patient with Graves disease. In 201 patients with toxic monolateral hyperfunction of the node, an extracapsular isthmo-lobectomy was performed. In the greater part of the 82 multinodular goiter cases a sub-total thyroidectomy was performed, as well as in 79 patients with Graves disease. Among the 3 recidive cases of hyperthyroidism (0.8%) one was recorded in a patient with Graves disease, (after subtotal thyroidectomy) and two in patients with hyperfunction of the node, (after isthmo-lobectomy). The authors justify the low incidence of recurrence by the choice of large extension of resection without a great number of complications.

Goiter↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pancytopenia resolved by the treatment of hyperthyroidism].

Hyperthyroidism can be associated with various haematological disorders related to several mechanisms. These disorders might be related to the reduced life-span of whole blood components and/or to an autoimmune mechanism. Only one case of pancytopenia has yet been reported. The observation of 3 new personal cases (1 toxic adenoma and 2 Graves' disease) led us to review the pathogeny of haematological disorders found in hyperthyroidism. Only one patient had antineutrophil autoantibodies. Direct and indirect Coomb's test, and Dixon's test were negative. In all patients, bone marrow aspiration was unable to demonstrate pernicious anaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Two patients presented cytological signs of macrophage activation with eosinophilia. These cytological features were compatible with an immuno-allergy mechanism. All haematological disorders disappeared when patients became euthyroid. In all cases, the haematological abnormalities were quite mild and might have gone unnoticed. Thus, it can be suggested that the frequency of pancytopenia in hyperthyroidism is underestimated.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

[Hyperthyroidism, psychiatric syndromes and cranial CT].

Acute hyperthyroidism is known to be a cause of psychopathologic and especially anxiety syndromes. A review of the literature will be given. Nonreversible psychopathologic changes in an euthyroid state after hyperthyroidism are also described. Correlations between T4-concentration and neuropsychologic and electroencephalographic findings were reported. CT findings of the brain are not mentioned. A case report should help to discuss nonreversible changes after hyperthyroidism and cranial CT findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of hyperthyroidism from Graves-Basedow's disease].

The Graves's Disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism. Currently, there is a lack of consensus with respect to the therapeutical role played by synthetic antithyroids, radioactive iodine and surgery. In order to study in depth this issue, we have analyzed the results of the therapy administered to 217 patients with Graves's Disease: 96 were treated with synthetical anti-thyroids, 46 with surgery and 75 with radioactive iodine. After twelve months of therapy with synthetic antithyroids, remission of the disease was observed in 64 patients (67%); the only factor predicting such remission was the absence of ophthalmopathy (p < 0.05); all 64 patients were followed-up during 12 months, detecting the recurrence of hyperthyroidism in 33 of them. Such recurrence is predicted by the serum levels of thyroid hormones before the administration of the therapy (p < 0.001). On the contrary, in patients treated with surgery or radioactive iodine, hyperthyroidism was controlled in 91% and 100% of them, respectively. Given the evolution of patients with Graves's Disease treated with synthetic antithyroids, we suggest the use of a more aggressive approach for the management of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prolactin secretion in hyperthyroid individuals].

Several endocrine and metabolic changes occur in hyperthyroidism, among which also changes in prolactin secretion are present. Causes are numerous. However, a decreased content of prolactin in secretory granules of the lactotrophic cells in the adeno-hypophysis gland, e.i. a decreased prolactin pool, should be especially emphasized. Prolactin secretion of the adeno-hypophysis gland was examined in 30 hyperthyroid patients. Normoprolacinaemia was diagnosed in basal conditions, but prolactin response was not so great during stimulation tests (test with thyrotropic hormone and eglonylic test) and suppression tests (L-DOPA and bromo-cryptic test). This finding suggests the existence of a decreased prolactin pool in hyperthyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Hypokalemic periodic paralysis as the sole manifestation of hyperthyroidism].

Hypopotassaemic periodic paralysis as the sole manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Hypopotassaemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder that is found in certain families, sporadically or in association with certain diseases. The association with hyperthyroidism is almost wholly restricted to south-east Asian males. It is characterized by attacks of subacute paralysis, starting most often early in the morning and lasting some hours to a few days. We present a 42-year-old patient of Indonesian origin, who experienced four attacks of paralysis before underlying hyperthyroidism was diagnosed. The mechanism is based on potassium shift into the muscle cell due to higher activity of the Na-K-ATP-ase pump, under the influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation and thyroid hormone. Treatment with antithyroidal medication and beta-blockers led to the complete abolition of attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Assessment of basal and stimulated TSH in overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism].

A TRH test was performed in 171 consecutive patients with a TSHbasal below the reference range. TSHbasal, TSHstimulated and delta TSH were determined and compared, using assays of the second and third generation. Free thyroid hormones were elevated in 48 and normal in 123 patients. The sensitivity of all evaluated parameters to assess overt hyperthyroidism was between 94 and 98% with both assays, using a defined TSH threshold (mean of patients with overt hyperthyroidism +2 standard deviations). However, specificity was much lower, only 34 and 23%, respectively, for the TSHbasal. Significant improvement followed TRH-testing: specificity rose to 63 and 57%. The superior reproducibility of TSH values in the lower range, using the third generation assays, was of little value in the differentiation between subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sequential liver and bone biochemical changes in hyperthyroidism: prospective controlled follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To reexamine the prevalence and sequential changes of liver and bone biochemical abnormalities in patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: A consecutive series of 95 patients with hyperthyroidism and 66 controls with euthyroid goiter seen during same period were studied. The patients were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) 300 mg/day for 2 months, followed by 100-150 mg/day for 3 months and a subsequent maintenance dose of 100 mg/day. Serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, ALP isoenzymes, and hepatitis markers were studied before therapy and at 2 and 5 months after PTU therapy was begun. RESULTS: Seventy-two [75.8%, confidence interval (CI) 67.2-84.4%] of the 95 patients had at least one biochemical abnormality. AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and bilirubin were elevated in 27.4%, 36.8%, 64.2%, 16.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Of the 34 patients with ALT elevation, 62% showed gradual normalization of ALT, whereas 38% (CI 21.9-54.5%) showed transient, asymptomatic, but significant (p < 0.025) further elevation of ALT during PTU therapy. Overt hepatitis developed in one patient. None of these changes was due to hepatitis A, B, C, or delta virus infection or autoimmune hepatitis. Changes of serum GGT parallel those of ALT. In contrast, serum ALP (primarily bone isoenzyme) rose significantly (p < 0.01) as T4 and T3 levels declined at 2 months after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that hyperthyroidism is often associated with abnormal biochemical tests, particularly ALP elevation, and thus may pose diagnostic confusion. The increase of bone isoenzyme accounts for the elevations in total ALP level before and during therapy. Serum ALT and GGT abnormalities usually subside during PTU therapy, but transient asymptomatic PTU hepatotoxicity occurs in one-third of the patients. Discontinuation of PTU is not required unless overt hepatitis develops.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Acute onset of hypokalemia and muscular weakness in four hyperthyroid cats.

Sudden onset of muscular weakness and ventroflexion of the neck were identified in 4 hyperthyroid cats. In each cat, the onset of clinical signs was associated with an acute decrease in serum potassium concentration. The cause for hypokalemia was undetermined, but could have resulted from deficits in total body potassium content or shifts of potassium from the extracellular space into the intracellular space. The 4 cats responded to administration of potassium. Hyperthyroid cats may be prone to disturbances in potassium homeostasis. Clinicians should be aware of potential changes in potassium homeostasis during the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

HTLV-I associated uveitis and hyperthyroidism.

The records of 76 consecutive patients with etiology-undefined uveitis examined during the 3-year period between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed and 6 patients were found who had concomitant hyperthyroidism. These 6 patients had presented with uveitis symptoms and signs when hyperthyroidism was relieved with thiamazole therapy. The uveal disease was characterized by acute, granulomatous or nongranulomatous anterior uveal involvement and granular or membranous vitreous opacities with or without retinal vascular change. These manifestations resolved in a few weeks in response to topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. Three patients had recurrence of uveitis after remission for months to years. All of the patients had serum antibodies to HTLV-I. The uveal disease resembled HTLV-I associated uveitis that may develop in patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy or HTLV-I carriers; 2 cases had chronic myelopathy or arthropathy that was considered associated with the retrovirus. The present observations suggest that the association between uveitis and hyperthyroidism is not accidental but shares a common underlying etiologic factor, HTLV-I, although the pathomechanism remains to be defined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transient neonatal hyperthyroidism caused by transplacental transport of pituitary TSH receptor antibodies].

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hyperthyroidism is a relatively rare condition. It can be severe and difficult to treat when the maternal hyperthyroidism has recently been recognized. CASE REPORT: A baby was born at 37 weeks of gestational age to a mother whose hyperthyroidism was only suspected at the 34th week. The mother was not given propylthiouracil until the day before delivery. At birth, the newborn presented with meconial fluid; it weighed 2,380 grams, was 46 cm long and had a head circumference of 32 cm. Clinical examination showed exophthalmos, tachycardia, hepatosplenomegaly, restlessness, moderate goiter and premature craniosynostosis. Laboratory data showed elevated serum free T4 (76 pmol/l), unmeasurable TSH, and the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. The infant was given propranolol (10 mg/day), and carbimazol (3.75 mg/day) from day 13. Clinical and biological improvement allowed the carbimazol to be stopped at 1 month. A relapse was treated with carbimazol plus L-thyroxine. Both drugs were discontinued at the age of 4 months. At 12 months, the baby is perfectly well and has developed normally. CONCLUSION: This transient thyrotoxicosis was due to the transplacental passage of TSH receptor antibodies. Its management was difficult because the mother was treated late during her pregnancy.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of free fatty acids in plasma, tissue utilization coefficient of glucose K and insulin secretion following intravenous glucose load in hyperthyroid patients treated with propranolol or acebutolol].

The study aimed at determining relationship between plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and impaired glucose tolerance in hyperthyroid patients prior to and after the treatment with propranolol or acebutolol, i.e. following lipolytic blockade leading to a decrease in plasma FFA levels. The study included 31 untreated hyperthyroid patients and 12 normal subjects serving as a matched control group. IVGTT was performed in all subjects. Venous blood specimens were collected at 0, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes following intravenous glucose load (0.33 g/kg body weight during 3 minutes). Nineteen patients with normal K values were randomized to groups treated either with propranolol in the daily dose of 120 mg (10 patients) or 400 mg acebutolol (9 patients). Twelve patients with low K values were randomized to groups treated with either propranolol (5 patients) or acebutolol (7 patients). The second IVGTT was performed after 7 days of therapy. Glucose, FFA and insulin levels were determined in all blood samples whereas T3 and T4 were determined in samples taken at 0 minute. Plasma T3, T4 and insulin levels were assayed with radioimmunological technique, glucose--with glucose oxidase, and FFA--colorimetrically. Significantly higher plasma FFA levels were found in patients with low K values in comparison with control group. There were no differences in plasma FFA levels in both hyperthyroid patients and normal subjects. Acebutolol but not propranolol normalized K value whereas propranolol (but not acebutolol) significantly decreased acute phase of insulin secretion. Plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as K value were not altered during propranolol acebutolol therapy in patients with normal K value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1994

Soluble CD antigen (cytokine) expression in various hyperthyroid states and use in the assessment of propylthiouracil treatment.

The soluble CD antigens sCD8, sCD23, and sCD25 are increased in untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism. These levels remain elevated when euthyroidism is established in response to propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy but decrease to control values after PTU treatment is discontinued, when euthyroidism has been established and maintained. Neither sCD8 nor sCD23 are elevated in patients with euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy nor in the hyperthyroid phase of subacute thyroiditis. sCD25 is increased to an intermediate degree in these disorders. Soluble CD8 > or = 450 U/ml is sensitive, specific, and predictive of PTU success as sole therapy or need for definitive therapy in untreated and PTU-treated Graves' hyperthyroidism, exceeding the predictive values of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and T3 radioimmunoassay.

Adult↗