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PubMedDate not supplied

The law of February 19th 2004, No. 40: procreation and punishment.

The Parliament of the Italian Republic, on 19 February 2004, has approved Law no. 40 on Medically Assisted Procreation. This law was adopted by the majority of the members of the Chamber, including both catholic as well as non-catholic members. The main opposition comes from the Church, which is against any form of artificial procreation. In spite of this, we must not forget that this law sets numerous limitations to Medically Assisted Procreation, which makes it unique in the matter. Examples are the prohibition to conceive a human being using in vitro fertilisation with sperm that is not from the parents, or the prohibitions of having parents of an advanced age or using the sperm once the donor is dead. Therefore, this article is based on the idea that every regulation on Assisted Procreation must be done from a rational perspective. The article analyses section by section the law emphasizing the importance that the legislator has. Stating that the legislator must take into account the constitutional personal rights (human dignity) and must likewise include punitive sanctions within the framework of the modern penal law.

Criminal Law↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methuselah moms.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public funding for contraceptive, sterilization and abortion services, fiscal year 1992.

In 1992, the federal and state governments spent $645 million to provide contraceptive services. According to the results of a survey of health, social service and Medicaid agencies conducted by The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Medicaid accounted for 50% of all public spending on family planning services. State governments, which spent a total of $155 million of their own revenues for contraceptives services, accounted for 24% of public funding, Title X for 17%, and the social services and maternal and child health block-grant programs for nearly 10%. Medicaid expenditures for contraceptive services increased dramatically between 1990 and 1992, and were responsible for a 28% rise in total expenditures for contraceptive services during that period. However, when inflation is taken into account, total public expenditures for contraceptive services have decreased by 27% since 1980, and Medicaid has replaced Title X as the primary source of funding for such services. The federal and state governments together spent $138 million to subsidize sterilization services in 1992, an increase of 46% from 1990. The federal and state governments also spent $80 million to provide 202,622 abortions to poor women; less than 1% was contributed by the federal government. These estimates of expenditures are approximations that, because of methodologic problems and changes over time, may overstate public expenditures for contraceptive services.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1997

Artificial wombs: medical miracle, legal nightmare.

The fact that the development of the artificial uterus is nearing completion is a mixed blessing. It will provide numerous benefits within the field of pediatric medicine, such as ensuring normal development to term of extremely premature foetuses, but it will pose numerous problems which the law is ill-equipped to handle. The legislature will have to examine the current definition of 'parent' which is based on normal conception practices. It will also have to determine whether only married couples should have access to this technology and under which conditions.

Animals↗