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PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning programs: efforts and results, 1982-89.

According to a set of 30 indices that assess the strength of large-scale family planning programs in developing countries, a strong upward shift in effort scores occurred between 1982 and 1989. During that period, many countries established or augmented their family planning programs, and effort scores improved in all developing regions and in all four dimensions of effort--policies and stage-setting activities, service and service-related activities, record keeping and evaluation, and availability of contraceptive methods. By region, the sharpest improvement was not in East Asia, where levels were already high, but in sub-Saharan Africa, where the movement was clearly upward, from a low base. Earlier associations between program effort and fertility declines are reaffirmed, additive to the contribution of socioeconomic improvements. In order to compute scores ranging from zero to 30 for each of the 30 indices, a detailed questionnaire was sent to 4-6 respondents in each of 103 developing countries having more than one million population. Respondents included program staff, donor agency personnel, local observers, and knowledgeable foreigners. The scores indicate that developing countries are continuing to move toward more favorable policy positions and stronger implementation of action programs, with consequent fertility effects. For the fertility decline to match the medium population projections of the United Nations, however, a substantial enlargement in the number of contraceptive users is necessary, not only to compensate for the enlarging base of couples, but also to increase the proportion who use contraceptives.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1994

The attitudes of clinic staff as factors in women's selection of Norplant implants for their contraception.

Medical and counseling staff at 13 family planning clinics in Texas, U.S.A., were surveyed regarding their opinions and level of information about the contraceptive Norplant. These responses were used to assess the relationships between clinicians' information and attitudes about the contraceptive and the use of that method by their patients. No differences were associated with respondents' clinical responsibilities or with their type of professional training. However, significant variations in the numbers of patients receiving Norplant from individual providers, and in the proportion receiving the method from certain clinics, were associated with responses to some attitudinal questions. These findings suggest that the opinions about Norplant held by personnel staffing family planning clinics influence the method selection of their patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population needs identified for assistance in some ECA member states.

The U.N. Fund for Population Activities (UNPFA) has conducted Needs Assessment Missions in many developing countries as a means of identifying population and related areas in which individual countries would need assistance to achieve self-reliance in formulating and implementing population policies and programs. This exercise is still going on in some of the countries. In ECA member States these needs missions have been conducted in the following countries: Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The areas identified for assistance vary from country to country, however, in some cases the needs are similar. Data collection and analysis is still 1 of population needs for which many countries require assistance. This includes conducting of national population censuses and demographic surveys and establishing or improving the civil registration systems on vital events. Training of nationals in data collection and analysis is another area in which ECA member States need assistance. It was identified that there is lack of integration of population variables in socioeconomic development planning. The various missions recommended assistance to help ECA member States to integrate population variables in development planning. Creation of Population units in ministries of planning and/or other departments was recommended as a means to help this integration. The various missions also identified the need to create or to enhance the awareness of the interrelationship between population and sociodevelopment and their implications. To this end the missions on needs assessment recommended assistance in population information and communication activities, including the introduction of population education in formal and nonformal education, conducting of seminars and workshops on population and development etc. To help formulation of population policies, the establishment of National Population Commissions at the highest level was recommended. Such commissions would examine population issues in detail and formulate suggestions for policy decisions and measures. Other common population related areas which require greater assistance include health programs of maternal and child health care, health education activities, and family planning activities. Last but not least is the need to improve the role and status of women in Africa so that they can be integrated to take a more active part in the various economic and social activities in national development.

Burundi↗