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PubMed2006

Insurance status and health service utilization among newly-arrived older immigrants.

Following the 1996 welfare reform, newly arrived older immigrants with less than 5 years of residence (NOIs) have been barred from Medicaid benefits. Neither are they eligible for Medicare due to lack of work history. This study examines the relationship between immigrant status (NOIs or not), health insurance, and health service use among older immigrants; whether insurance mediates the relationship between immigrant status and health service use. The 2000 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed. The sample includes respondents aged 65 or older who are foreign-born (N=1, 178). The adapted Andersen model was used. A series of logistic regressions show insurance is a complete mediator between immigrant status and health service use among older immigrants. Immigrant status was significantly related to the mediator, health insurance; older immigrants with longer than 5 years of residence were 31 times more likely than NOIs to have health insurance in terms of odds. Also, different from health service use among U.S.-born older adults, older immigrants' service use is significantly related to their insurance status. There was no direct relationship between immigrant status and health service use.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Physical and psychological well-being among immigrant referrals to colonoscopy.

The association between immigration and well-being was studied in 2 groups of referrals to colonoscopy in the Negev region of Israel: Eastern Europe born (n = 278) and Israeli born (n = 70). The findings of this study suggest that the first 3 years after migration are associated with inferior physical and psychological well-being, and, to a lesser degree, with poorer family functioning and limited social interactions. The differences between immigrants and Israeli born tended to fade away as years went by, and the most veteran immigrants, those who immigrated more than 40 years prior to the study, scored best on most physical and psychological well-being indicators. Findings are discussed in terms of a life events approach and in terms of Israeli immigration regulations and absorption policy.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Differences in the nutritional and health status among illegal immigrant adolescents from Morocco and Algeria].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We decided to determine if there were differences in the nutritional and health status among illegal immigrant adolescents from Morocco and Algeria. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study (1997-2003); 120 male adolescents (86 Moroccans and 34 Algerians) admitted to protection centers of Zaragoza City were assessed. The nutritional status was assessed using the anthropometric method. The health status was assessed according to a standardized medical and laboratory protocol. RESULTS: The mean age (SDU) of the Moroccans was 15.9 (1.2) years and the mean age of the Algerians was 15.6 (1.5) years. Significantly lower values of weight (p = 0.027), upper arm circumference (p = 0.0005) and subscapular skinfold thickness (p = 0.023) along with a significantly higher incidence of ferritin isolated deficiency (p = 0.027; odds ratio = 7.54; 95% CI, 0.96-59.32) were observed in the Moroccan adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Illegal immigrant adolescents from Morocco had a significantly lower nutritional and iron reserves status than that observed in illegal immigrant adolesents from Algeria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Sex role ideology among East Asian immigrants in the United States.

Although sex role ideology (i.e., beliefs about the proper roles for men and women) is linked with self-definition and male-female interactions, researchers have rarely examined such beliefs among U.S. immigrants. This study examined the cultural (ethnic identity, self-construal) and demographic (gender, age, years in United States) correlates of sex role ideology among 170 (88 male, 82 female) East Asian immigrants using psychometrically established measures. Male participants who endorsed ethnic identity and interdependent self-construal were more likely to report traditional sex roles; female participants who lived for a longer period of time in the United States and who endorsed independent self-construal were more likely to report sex role equality. Clinicians should consider assessing sex role ideology to reduce the likelihood of stereotyping their immigrant clients.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2003

Age, acculturation, cultural adjustment, and mental health symptoms of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese immigrant youths.

This study of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean immigrant junior high and high school students (N = 319) investigated the association between age, acculturation, cultural adjustment difficulties, and general mental health concerns. Hierarchical regression analyses determined that among all of the independent variables, age, acculturation, and cultural adjustment difficulties had significant predictive effects on mental health symptoms. Implications for theory, research, and practice are addressed, particularly as they relate to developmental issues among immigrant youths.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2002

Political rhetoric, immigration attitudes, and contemporary prejudice: a Mexican American dilemma.

The authors examined political candidates' social stereotypes of Mexican immigrants in mainstream media accounts. From those popular themes, they formed semantic differential scales, which they administered to participants (N = 201) with 1 of 4 scenarios describing an illegal immigrant: of Mexican vs. English Canadian descent and with vs. without several parking tickets. Consistent with contemporary theories of prejudice (J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner, 1996), the participants indicated the greatest agreement with the pejorative themes when the immigrant described was of Mexican descent and had accumulated parking tickets. Psychologically, the parking tickets served as a nonethnic rationale for discriminating against that ethnic group. The authors discuss the social and public policy implications of Mexican immigration as a political phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Elderly immigrants--a disadvantaged group?

Asian, Caribbean and British born Nottingham hospital discharge rates of people of pensionable age for a variety of diagnoses and elective surgery were compared. No evidence of under-utilization of services by immigrants was found, but marked excess discharges were observed for tuberculosis, diabetes, asthma, gastrointestinal bleeding and cataract surgery. Increased hospital use for most diagnoses probably reflects true differences in disease risk between immigrants and the indigenous population.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Autism in immigrants: a population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas.

In a population study, 55 children aged 13 years and under were diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifteen of these children (27%) were born to parents, at least one of whom had migrated to Sweden. These 15 cases were analysed in some detail with a view to finding possible background factors that could account for the relatively high prevalence of autism among some immigrant populations. In a few cases, autism or Asperger syndrome had been diagnosed in a native Swedish parent who went abroad in order to find a spouse. In several other cases, the child was the first child born in Sweden after the mother had moved there. The contribution of genetic and other prenatal factors to autism in immigrant populations is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Paleontology. Shaking the earliest branches of anthropoid primate evolution.

Primates living today are believed to share a common ancestor that originated in either Africa or Asia. Fossil examples of such anthropoid ancestors have been found in both continents, so pushing back the origins to a single location has been controversial. In their Perspective, Jaeger and Marivaux discuss results reported in the same issue by Seiffert et al. that may put part of the controversy to rest. Seiffert et al. describe the earliest and most complete African anthropoid fossils from the Fayum desert region of Egypt. Cranial and dental fossils of two different small species were found, and their character, especially the features of the fossil teeth, suggests an ancient evolutionary history in Africa. At the same time, the phylogenetic analysis of Seiffert et al. is consistent with the view that African anthropoids immigrated from Asia at a very early date, probably before the late Paleocene (60 million years ago), possibly followed by later waves of immigration.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Identification of numerous hepatitis C virus genotypes in Montreal, Canada.

Hepatitis C virus genotypes were determined for 358 viremic individuals in Montreal, Canada, by restriction endonuclease analysis of PCR products and phylogenetic analysis of core gene sequences. Types 1, 2, and 3 occurred in 62.8, 14.2, and 13.7%, respectively; types 4 and 5 were found in 3.9 and 4.5%, respectively; and genotypes 6a and 7c and a novel genotype each occurred in 0.3%. Types 4, 6, and 7 and the novel genotype were mostly from persons who had immigrated to Canada.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Assessing the secular trends in the transmission of HIV in Greece.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current trends in HIV transmission in Greece. METHODS: A retrospective study of HIV infected individuals reported to the Hellenic Center for Infectious Diseases Control (HCIDC) was conducted. RESULTS: Since the beginning of the epidemic in Greece and until early 1990s most cases concerned men who have sex with men (MSM). After the mid-1990s the proportion of homosexual males among HIV positive individuals decreased slightly, then was stabilised but they still remain the dominant population among HIV positive people. On the other hand, heterosexual transmission increased steadily and has become a frequent route for the spread of HIV/AIDS in recent years. Individuals originating from or travelling to countries where this mode of transmission prevails were the most frequent cases in this category. A significant proportion of cases classified as "undetermined" were also recorded and were partially attributed to the increased heterosexual transmission among people (especially women) without obvious high risk behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The HIV/AIDS surveillance system must evolve in order to find the new unreported risk information and identify the population groups at higher risk. This will help to implement preventive policies and information campaigns addressed to target populations with special attention paid to immigrants, women, and marginalized communities.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1991

"Fortress Europe" and the moral debt burden: immigration from the "South" to the European Economic Community.

In light of the opening of the borders within the EC, scheduled for January 1993, this article "discusses the prospects in Europe concerning immigration from third [world] countries in relation to the internal market, the border control issue and the general policies towards non-EC nationals living within the community. The paper will concentrate on immigration from the 'South', discussing the preconditions for various forms of influx from poor countries in the Third World to the European Community. Attention will also be paid to the conception of the problem in the West, and to the prevailing policy proposals at national and European level. It is contended that development aid will not be a sufficient medicine to curb the immigration pressure in the future."

Demography↗
PubMed1994

Changing occupational characteristics of U.S. immigrants.

"The purpose of this research is to: (1) describe changes in the occupational characteristics of immigrants to the United States between 1972 and 1986; (2) analyze immigration statistics to see how policy admission categories, source country, and individual demographic factors help determine the entry patterns of professional and technical immigrant workers in 1972 and 1986; and (3) evaluate the immigrant stream recomposition argument that the changing levels of professional and technical occupational immigration [are] due to shifts in class and visa categories, region of origin, and demographic characteristics of workers admitted to the United States. In the conclusions we discuss how changes in immigration policies during this period may have contributed to the statistical patterns on occupational skills of immigrants."

Americas↗
PubMed2001

Uprooting and resettlement experiences of South Asian immigrant women.

The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to examine and understand the challenges faced by elderly women from India who immigrated to Canada. Ten women were interviewed about their experiences with immigration and resettlement. The analysis of interview data involved iterative process, through which four themes were identified. These themes were isolation and loneliness, family conflict, economic dependence, and setting in and coping. The participants experienced loss because of changes in traditional values and lack of social support. Because the participants could not manage resettlement on their own, personal independence was not very important. Interdependence for the attainment of emotional security and social rewards was more desirable. Health care professionals must take into account the nature of stress and impact of these experiences on health of older immigrant women.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Impact of culture on depressive symptoms of elderly Chinese immigrants.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of culture on mental health has been inadequately researched. This study examines the effect of cultural factors on the depressive symptoms reported by elderly Chinese immigrants in Canada. METHOD: Data from 1537 elderly Chinese immigrants who took part in a cross-sectional multisite survey on the health and well-being of older Chinese-Canadians were used. Participants were identified through telephone screening of randomly selected telephone numbers listed with Chinese surnames. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct face-to-face interviews. A Chinese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Close to one-quarter of the elderly Chinese immigrants reported having at least a mild level of depressive symptoms. Having more cultural barriers and a higher level of identification with Chinese cultural values resulted in a higher probability of being depressive. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the sociocultural determinants of mental health is demonstrated. The health delivery system should be more sensitive to the unique ethnic and cultural differences of older immigrants.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Psychiatric admissions of Asian Canadians to an adolescent inpatient unit.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychiatric diagnoses for Asian Canadians admitted to an adolescent inpatient unit with those of their white Canadian peers. METHOD: A literature review was first completed and then followed by a hospital file review of the Asian Canadians admitted over a 5-year period to the adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit. The data extracted (relating to psychiatric diagnosis, age, length of stay, referral source, family type, and gender) were then compared with a random sample of white Canadians admitted to the same unit during the same 5-year time frame. RESULTS: There were far fewer Asian Canadians admitted than would be expected based on Calgary's demographics. There was equal gender representation among those who were admitted, and they tended to be older and to have a greater preponderance of severe psychiatric symptomatology than their white Canadian peers. CONCLUSIONS: This paper adds to previous research in emphasizing that ethnocultural factors play a significant role in the utilization of psychiatric services by immigrant populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Stage-specific and culture-specific coping strategies used by mainland Chinese immigrants during resettlement in Hong Kong: a qualitative analysis.

A qualitative study was undertaken to explore the stage-specific and culture-specific coping strategies used by Mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong to handle psychosocial stressors experienced during the resettlement stage of the migration process. While direct action coping strategies of problem-solving and compromise were used by immigrants to deal with recurring, daily resettlement difficulties, cognitive strategies of positive comparisons and positive and optimistic thinking were utilized to change the meanings of these difficulties. Emotion-focused coping of acceptance and avoidance strategies were culture-specific, and were useful in reducing the stress associated with the resettlement difficulties encountered. It was also found that strategies such as acceptance, compromise and avoidance might have deleterious effects on the longer-term adjustment of immigrants. Implications for services and counseling for the immigrants were suggested.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Drug abuse, risks of infectious diseases and service utilization among former Soviet Union immigrants: a view from New York City.

Based on the high rates of injection drug use and infectious disease such as HIV, HCV and tuberculosis in their home country, immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) comprise a high-risk population in the United States. Yet, little is known about their drug abuse and health problems relative to other immigrant populations like Hispanics. The objectives of this exploratory study were to identify disease risk behavior, and utilization of and barriers to treatment services among drug using immigrants from the FSU. Focused interviews were conducted with 27 public officials and administrators in New York City. This study found that FSU immigrants tend to have culturally unique drug abuse patterns and behavior, such as rapid transition to injection drug use, and suspicion and avoidance of traditional drug treatment approaches. The findings of this exploratory study point to the need for further research and the need to take immediate steps to promote culturally appropriate treatment and prevention services that can address the spread of harmful behavior that threatens the public health of FSU immigrants and others.

Adult↗