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Results for “COLD CLIMATE”

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At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The hemostatic system in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Far North].

It was found that in conditions of the extreme North sanation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs later in patients with traumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage than in the central regions of the country. In connection with this the hemostasis system was studied in 20 patients with traumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage and 10 patients with brain tumours (control group). Patients with traumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage showed significant hypocoagulation changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[A polar expedition in challenging circumstances--experiences and psychological reactions].

Four men, in the company of 16 dogs, skied for five weeks from Gåsefjord to Ellef Ringnes Land, North Canada. The expedition met with considerable unforeseen challenges such as extreme and prolonged cold, unmotivated Greenland dogs, and much pack ice. Psychological reactions were described and measured by a qualitative free text analysis and a test battery including GHQ-30 (General Health Questionnaire) and STAI State (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) before, during, and after the expedition. Five main themes were found: external influences, relations between men and animals, progress and expectations, interpersonal relations, and thoughts at the end of the expedition. Negative emotional reactions were mostly present at the beginning of the expedition and were related to the environment and the pressure of perceived expectations from the outside world. Frustrations were enhanced by forced inactivity. Perceived essential positive elements were a strong group identity and friendship. The acceptance of dissension was low; the group strived to achieve consensus before decisions were made. The psychometric results showed more stress and anxiety immediately before the expedition than after. These parameters also increased significantly at the beginning of the expedition, then there was a reverse. The level of anxiety was higher in the two leaders. The expedition was concluded in an overall atmosphere of mutual affection, satisfaction, and pride.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Increased cortisol levels, frostbite and effects on the muscles and skeleton during extreme polar conditions].

BACKGROUND: We wanted to record physiological changes, injuries and illnesses during a long sledge expedition in North Canada. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expedition consisted of four men aged 41 to 50, and 16 polar dogs. Measurements of cortisol in saliva were performed before, during and after the expedition. Frostbites and other injuries were registered continuously. Body weight and muscle, fat and bone mass were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry scanning, and strength and endurance of shoulders, knees and back were tested. The group encountered extreme frost (-30 to -42 degrees C day temperature), wind, unexpected amounts of pack ice, and poorly motivated dogs. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The participants showed increased free cortisol levels during their stay on the ice, probably because of increased mental stress. Three got first degree and two second-degree frostbites, but the affected areas were normal on vascular examination five months later. All members increased their muscle mass, but muscle strength and endurance remained unchanged.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

[Bipolar head injury with global amnesia].

We report the first case of bipolar head injury, that is, subsequent head injuries sustained near both poles of the Earth. The injury caused a true global amnesia with loss of memory for the journey around the globe. This case history illustrates how modern emergency services have reduced the hazards of polar exploration, and how a second impact after a primary head injury may cause life-threatening complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The suicide of Hjalmar Johansen].

BACKGROUND: Hjalmar Johansen was one of Norway's most famous gymnasts. He joined Fridtjof Nansen's polar expedition with Fram in 1893 and went on ski farthermost north with him in 1895/96. On their return to Norway the crew was celebrated as heroes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The polar literature has been reviewed and the author has focused on the life and suicide of Hjalmar Johansen. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Johansen was promoted to captain in the infantry, a role he didn"t manage. He drank heavily and left the army. He rehabilitated during his stay at Spitzbergen from 1907 to 1909. In 1910 he was one of Roald Amundsen's men in Antarctica. Amundsen started out too early because of his race with Robert Scott. Johansen disagreed and rescued a member from freezing to death. A quarrel with Amundsen resulted in his dismissing Johansen from the party heading for the South Pole. This led to a vicious circle that ended in Johansen's suicide in the new year 1913. Hjalmar Johansen was a man of a simple and kind character who helped his comrades with his physical strength. A master of muscular activity he was without deeper self-reflecting power and needed the support of the people around him; without it, he was ashamed of himself.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The challenges for physicians on polar expeditions around the year 1900].

One century ago there was an intense activity in exploring the unknown polar areas. The paper gives an account of 14 expeditions involving 17 physicians. For several years, the official versions were those published by the leaders of the expeditions, the heroes. During the last years, however, the diaries of their companions have been published and provide valuable and rectifying information. Surprisingly, most of the physicians were young and inexperienced and unfit for the extreme strain of the polar areas.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2003

Modelling of temperature effects on removal efficiency and dissolved oxygen concentrations in stormwater ponds.

The performance of stormwater ponds, operated under winter conditions, was modelled using the commercial software Mike21 and MOUSE. Direct and indirect effects of changing temperature were investigated. The most important effect of winter conditions is the changed hydrology, characterised by long periods with no runoff followed by snowmelt events with large runoff volumes during several days. This gives lower removal efficiencies than during a period with the same precipitation but without winter conditions. For the concentration of dissolved oxygen, wind is an important factor. Consequently the most important effect of an ice cover on the pond is that it prevents the oxygenation effects of the wind. The direct temperature effects on the removal processes are negligible compared to the indirect effects in changed hydrology and forming of ice cover.

Climate↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of the brain of a Yakut horse on kinetic parameters of Ca2+ transport system in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes].

The effect of the fraction (1-10 kDa) obtained from the brain of cold-adapted animal (Yakut horse) on Ca2+ transport in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes was investigated. It was shown that during insertion of Yakut horse brain fraction into incubation medium at the concentration from 10(-9) M to 3.10(-5) M at Ca2+ transport substrate concentration from 0.1 mM to 1.0 mM, the rate of Ca2+ passive penetration into vesicles slightly increased and at Ca2+ transport substrate concentration 3 mM, which is physiologic, a decrease of rate values was established for all concentrations of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of Yakut horse. While studying the kinetics of an active Ca2+ transport for all investigated concentrations of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of Yakut horse brain from 10(-9) M to 3.10(-5) M at Ca2+ concentration in incubation medium from 10(-7) to 3.10(-6) M, calcium accumulation rates by vesicles exceeded control values. So we can suppose that application of brain fraction (1-10 kDa) of genotypically cold-adapted animal, results in a decrease of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

[Cervical osteochondrosis in miners].

Characteristics, frequency and distribution of vertebrogenic diseases involving cervico-brachial region were studied in more than 1,000 miners from asian North and East exposed to vibration. The data were compared with the results of examination of drivers. The investigation revealed a high level of vertebrogenic cervical pain and cervico-brachial pain in miners with a long length of service, especially in those suffering from vibration disease and frequent osteochondrosis manifestation in younger age, especially in subjects working beyond the Polar Circle. Occupational hazards are proved to play a leading role in the early development of vertebrogenic diseases, and vibration disease predisposes to such pathology. The results make possible to consider the vertebrogenic cervical pain and cervico-brachial pain as occupational diseases in young-aged workers with long length of service or evaluate such diseases as complications of vibration disease in individuals facing this occupational pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of hereditary factors in phenotypic variability of hormone levels in the population genetically adapted to circumpolar environment.

The variability of the plasma cortisol, T3, T4, TSH and estradiol levels were studied in the North Khanty population genetically adapted to the extreme conditions of the North. The relationships between genetic markers and hormone concentrations were also studied. Negative linear correlations of T3 and T4 levels with age were obtained. Cortisol, estradiol and T3 levels showed nonlinear age dependency. T4 concentrations were significantly lower in August than in February and November. The highest heritability estimate was shown for estradiol levels (44%).

Acclimatization↗