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Repeated beta irradiation of the backs of mice three times a week with radiation doses of 250 to 1180 cGy per exposure induced 100% incidence of tumors. The incidence of skin tumors appeared to be determined by the total number of repeated exposures in this dose range. An abrupt delay in tumor emergence was observed when the radiation dose was reduced from 250 to 150 cGy per exposure, indicating the existence of a critical threshold. Mouse skin resembles human skin rather than rat skin in its response to radiation.
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The results are submitted concerning the biological effect of 89Sr and 131I delivered separately and in a combination within a wide dose range. 89Sr has proved to be the major contributor to the effect observed. The effect produced by the radionuclides delivered in a combination was lesser than additive.
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Thirty massive bone allografts measuring between 7 and 30 centimeters and banked after freezing at -30 degrees centigrade and sterilization by Beta irradiation (2.5 to 3.5 megarads) were implanted. Ninety eight grafts were for reconstructions after a tumour resection and two were used for the treatment of femoral non-union and for reconstruction after removal of a prosthesis. In fifteen instances the only goal was to restore bone stability--six arthrodeses, seven replacements of diaphyseal or metaphyseal section and two iliac bone lesions. In fifteen other cases the aim was to preserve mobility (10 knees, 2 hips and 3 shoulders). Among these cases, a prosthesis was added in 9 knees and 2 hips and the graft was used alone in three shoulders and one knee. The average follow-up is too short to assess the incidence of recurrence, but it is long enough to note that there has been no case of post-operative infection. The authors considered that this is thanks to the use of sterilization by irradiation. Bone union was seen in 26 out of 30 cases at the diaphyseal--graft junction and in eight cases out of nine at the epiphyseal--graft junction. Three cases are pure diaphyseal replacements, did not unite. Two recurrent fractures of the graft at the third and fourth month united later. Scintigraphy showed that revascularization may take place after three months, thanks to the peripheral muscle which reattach to the graft spontaneously. This could be demonstrated by biopsy made during a second surgical procedure. A search for anti-HLA anti-bodies in the serum was positive on three occasions.
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The paper is concerned with some data on mean absorbed dose values in the animals' organs, the time course of their formation and the character of microdistribution of an absorbed dose around thyroid follicles in internal irradiation of the rat body with 131I and 125I. A raised level of irradiation of the animals' pituitary body is noted. The authors provide dosimetric characteristics of irradiation of thyroid microstructures noting that 125I creates more inhomogeneous distribution of an absorbed dose around thyroid follicles compared to 131I, irradiating, to a greater extent, the follicular membrane and, to a lesser degree, the nuclei of surrounding cells whereas 131I provides homogeneous irradiation of thyroid cells. The authors give a comparative critical analysis of the quantitative and microdosimetric characteristics and literature data.
A study was made of the effect of direct single exposure to beta-radiation of 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 Gy on development and reproduction of Aphis fabae Scop. (Aphididae, Homoptera). The numbers of bean aphid are prognosticated with regard to the radiation dose applied.
Sixteen eyes (14 patients) that had previous failed trabeculectomy underwent a further trabeculectomy. In the postoperative period they were treated with intensive topical steroids (hourly) for several months. At the end of one year the overall results of surgery were not improved using this regime when compared with a previously reported series of similar patients who were treated with less steroid. It appeared that the addition of more intensive topical steroid usage was no more successful than steroids given in a four-time-a-day program. Additionally, some eyes were treated with beta irradiation, which did not appear to influence the results. Eyes that had a limbus-based conjunctival flap at reoperation had a more favorable outcome than those having fornix-based flaps.
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