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PubMed1992

[Urinary calcium, magnesium and uric acid in normal children].

In a group of 327 normal children, aged 4 to 11, we measured Calcium (Ca) and Creatinine (Cr) in the second morning urine. In 226 of them, Magnesium (Mg) and Uric Acid (UA) were also calculated. Means and SD were respectively Ca/Cr: 0.11 +/- 0.09, Mg/Cr: 0.10 +/- 0.03, Mg/Ca: 1.56 +/- 1.48 and UA/Cr: 0.093 +/- 0.29. Distribution was not normal, so we used the 97.5 centile for the upper acceptable limit. This value was higher for Ca/Cr (0.37) and different for Mg/Cr (0.17), compared to the previous reports. Our values of Mg/Ca were related to age (p less than 0.01). These results suggest the need for local establishment of normal ranges and a better definition of hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria.

Calcium↗
PubMed1996

Does industrial environment influence the prevalence of arterial hypertension, plasma cholesterol and uric acid concentration and activity of the renin-aldosterone system?

The present study aimed to assess the influence of a highly industrialized environment on the prevalence of arterial hypertension and plasma levels of cholesterol, uric acid, aldosterone and plasma renin activity. Epidemiological studies were performed in 5008 inhabitants of a highly industrialized city (Piekary Slaskie) and in 5004 inhabitants of non industrialized city (Olesno Slaskie) in the south part of Poland. Only subjects over 15 years were enrolled. The prevalence of arterial hypertension in the industrial population was 17% while in the country city 8.2%. Significantly higher serum cholesterol levels were found in hypertensive and normotensive subjects of the highly industrialized region than in the non industrialized one. Finally in hypertensive women aged < 40 years and normotensive men and women of the industrialized region significantly higher plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were found than in corresponding population groups of the non industrialized region. From the results obtained in this study it seems, that the highly industrialized environment seems to stimulate hypertensinogenic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bilateral obstructing ureteral uric acid stones in an infant with hereditary renal hypouricemia.

We report on a 15-month-old boy with renal hypouricemia who presented with acute renal failure, anuria and sepsis due to bilateral obstructing ureteral uric acid stones. He was treated successfully with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Metabolic survey of 10 relatives revealed a rare hereditary disorder in 4 siblings: isolated renal hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria. To our knowledge this is the youngest reported case of hereditary renal hypouricemia and 1 of the youngest patients to be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2006

Serum level of uric acid, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic marker in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: A recent study suggested that xanthine oxidase is activated in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, whether uric acid (UA) is secreted from the failing heart remains unknown, so it is currently unclear whether serum UA can provide prognostic information independent of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum UA was measured in the aortic root (AO) and the coronary sinus (CS) of 74 patients with CHF. The serum UA level was significantly higher in the CS than in the AO. The transcardiac gradient of UA (CS-AO) increased with the severity of CHF, inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and positively correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic volume index. The plasma levels of norepinephrine, BNP, UA, and LVEF were monitored prospectively in 150 CHF patients for a mean follow-up of 3 years. High plasma levels of UA (p<0.001) and BNP (p<0.001) were shown by multivariate stepwise analysis to be independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High plasma UA level, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic predictor independent of BNP in patients with CHF. Monitoring a combination of BNP and UA may be useful for the management of patients with CHF.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Optimal conditions for the simultaneous ion-pairing HPLC determination of L-ascorbic, dehydro-L-ascorbic, D-ascorbic, and uric acids with on-line ultraviolet absorbance and electrochemical detection.

The present report deals with the optimization of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method useful for a simultaneous determination of L-ascorbic, isoascorbic, dehydro-L-ascorbic, and uric acids. For this purpose, we investigated (a) the stability of all solutes and especially of L-ascorbic acid under various conditions, (b) the resolution of components of interest by the addition of a positively charged ion-pairing reagent in the mobile phase of different pH levels, and (c) the optimal detection conditions of ascorbate-related compounds. The results demonstrated that L-ascorbic acid remains stable in refrigerated buffer solution of pH 5.0 containing EDTA. A mobile phase of pH 5.0 containing 5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as an ionic pair offers optimal resolution. The combined use of an ultraviolet (UV) detector and of an electrochemical detector is preferable for the determination of the solutes after reduction of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid to L-ascorbic acid. However, for the direct determination of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, a previous detection of contents by a UV detector at 232 nm is recommended. The investigation reported here may facilitate future biological studies associated with the determination of L-ascorbic acid and related compounds.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Intracranial dialysis measurement of oxytocin, monoamine and uric acid release from the olfactory bulb and substantia nigra of sheep during parturition, suckling, separation from lambs and eating.

Intracranial dialysis was used to measure the release of oxytocin (OXY), monoamines and their metabolites and uric acid (UA) from the substantia nigra (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of sheep during parturition, suckling, separation from lambs and eating. Results showed that OXY concentrations increased significantly during parturition, suckling and eating in the SN and during parturition and suckling in the OB. Concentrations of dopamine (DA) increased significantly in the SN during suckling and eating and in the OB during parturition and suckling. The dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, also increased significantly in the SN during parturition. Concentrations of the noradrenaline metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethan-1,2-diol (MHPG) and the purine metabolite, UA, were significantly raised during parturition, suckling and separation from the lambs in the SN and increased UA levels were also found during eating. In a separate experiment it was confirmed that OXY was detectable in homogenates of both the SN and the OB. These results show that, in the sheep, OXY and DA release in the SN is associated with maternal and ingestive behaviour whereas similar release in the OB may only be related to maternal behaviour. Release of MHPG in the SN may be associated with maternal behaviour and/or stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Protection of myelin basic protein immunized mice from free-radical mediated inflammatory cell invasion of the central nervous system by the natural peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), the product of nitric oxide (NO(radical)) and superoxide (O(2)(-radical)), is believed to be a major contributor to immunotoxicity when produced by activated cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Uric acid (UA) is a natural scavenger of ONOO(-) that is present at high levels in the sera of humans and other higher order primates relative to most lower mammals. We have previously shown that UA treatment is therapeutic in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study we have examined the effect of UA therapy on the dynamics of the appearance of iNOS-positive cells in central nervous system (CNS) tissue of mice subjected to the stimuli that cause EAE. The results indicate that UA prevents activated monocytes from entering CNS tissue where they may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and other CNS diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Relation of uric acid levels to presence of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in men free of symptomatic myocardial ischemia with versus without the metabolic syndrome.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether uric acid (UA) levels were associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in white men asymptomatic for coronary heart disease. We also evaluated whether this relation was dependent or not on the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The study population consisted of 371 asymptomatic Brazilian men (48 +/- 7 years of age) who underwent a routine evaluation. The average 10-year total risk of coronary heart disease calculated by Framingham risk score was 10.8 +/- 7.8%. The age-adjusted prevalence of CAC in patients with a high UA level (fourth quartile > or =7.1 mg/dl, n = 91) was significantly higher than that in those with a normal UA level (58% vs 44%, p = 0.02). With respect to age, smoking, physical activity, and components of MS-adjusted analyses, a high UA level was independently associated with the presence of CAC (p = 0.043) and with increasing levels of CAC (p = 0.028). Prevalence of MS showed a graded increase according to serum UA values. In patients with the MS, after adjusting for age, smoking, physical activity, and white blood cell count, high levels of UA were strongly associated with the presence of any CAC (odds ratio 3.47, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 9.53, p = 0.01) and with increasing levels of CAC (odds ratio 2.74, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 6.50, p = 0.02). Conversely, there was no significant association of high UA levels in patients without the MS. However, the interaction between high UA level and the MS did not achieve statistical significance for the presence of CAC (p = 0.11) or higher levels of CAC (p = 0.16). In conclusion, our study suggests that, among asymptomatic moderate-risk men, high UA levels were independently associated with CAC in subjects with the MS.

Brazil↗
PubMed1986

Differential pulse voltammetry in vivo with working carbon fiber electrodes: 5-hydroxyindole compounds or uric acid detection?

Differential pulse voltammetry was performed in rats chronically implanted with carbon fiber electrodes in the caudate (n.Cd) and raphe dorsalis (n.RD) nuclei. The electrochemical signal obtained at the +300 mV potential (peak 3) in animals implanted for more than one week (long term chronic conditions, greater than 7 days) could be dependent upon the extracellular fraction of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) since a single injection of Pargyline is sufficient to suppress it in n.Cd and n.RD. This result was obtained despite the tendency of Pargyline to increase n.Cd and n.RD endogenous concentrations of Uric Acid (UA) measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In contrast, in animals implanted for less than one week (short term chronic conditions, less than 7 days) peak 3 recorded in the same structure could be dependent upon extracellular fractions of 5-HIAA and UA since consecutive injections of Pargyline and Allopurinol are necessary to suppress this signal. The source of extracellular UA measured in brain by voltammetry, in such short term chronic conditions, might result from surgical trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Recurrent hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood cytopenia, persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection and central nervous system manifestation in a patient with lymphadenopathy and low serum uric acid.

We describe a 27-month-old boy who was first admitted to our hospital on 7 January 1995 with nasal bleeding. From 6 months of age he has had lymphadenopathy, low levels of serum uric acid, increased levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and hyper gamma-globulinemia. From the age of 18 months he has had persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (target cells; B cells), recurrent episodes of thrombocytopenia, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Dysmobility of the left leg and arm from a central nervous system complication during a relapse with pancytopenia on March 1995, was also observed. Relapses of thrombocytopenia with increases of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G and hepatosplenomegaly have been observed approximately every 2 months, and two relapses of pancytopenia were accompanied with weak positivity of Coombs test and low level of haptoglobin. These recurrent episodes were improved with prednisolone. However, now in June 1997 we have not been able to diagnose what underlies the above clinical symptoms, except that the patient has a persistent EBV infection.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Reduction of gentamicin bioassay values in sera with elevated inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Gentamicin was added to 45 normal and abnormal patient sera samples, which were then quantitated by bioassay and fluorescent immunoassay. Bioassay results were dramatically reduced in more than half of the sera with elevated inorganic phosphorous, uric acid, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase values when compared with the results for fluorescent immunoassay. Erroneous bioassay results could lead to patient toxicity.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Serum leptin correlates with serum uric acid but not serum testosterone in non-obese male adolescents.

To identify the serum factors that affect circulating leptin levels, we measured the serum concentrations of leptin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E), serum alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol and uric acid (UA) in healthy male adolescents (age, 18.3 +/- 0.1 years, n=96). We also measured body mass index (BMI), percent body fat and thickness of skin fold to assess the effect of body constitution on serum leptin level. Since serum concentration of leptin significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.820, p<0.001), we analyzed the relation-ship between leptin/BMI ratio (L/BMI) and serum parameters. Analysis of data of subjects with normal serum T level showed a significant inverse correlation between L/BMI and serum T levels (n=96, r=-0.294, p<0.005), but no such correlation was present among non-obese subjects (n=70) with BMI of +/-20% of normal (22 kg/m2). There was no correlation between L/BMI and serum E level. Serum UA level significantly correlated with L/BMI in both the test group (n=96, r=0.520, p<0.001) and non-obese subjects (r=0.369, p<0.005). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that UA independently and significantly influenced serum leptin levels in both the test and control groups. Our results demonstrate that T weakly influences serum leptin concentration, and that UA concentrations strongly influences serum leptin in healthy male adolescents independent of their obesity level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Changes in sodium and uric acid concentrations in plasma during the menstrual cycle.

Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are well documented, but many other biochemical variables have not been studied. We find that in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle the concentrations of sodium and uric acid are significantly lower. The changes may be of significance for the determination of the normal reference interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Candidate reference methods for determining target values for cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose in external quality assessment and internal accuracy control. I. Method setup.

In Germany, the target values for External Quality Assessment (EQA) and internal accuracy control are determined by Reference Methods for several analytes, including cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. We present candidate Reference Methods for these compounds, based on isotope dilution-gas chromatography--mass spectrometry methods that have been developed at INSTAND, one of the two official Germany EQA reference institutions. Each Reference Method target value is calculated from six independent measurements performed on three different days. The mean method CVs ranged from 0.66% for glucose to 0.96% for creatinine. The inaccuracy (bias) of the methods is < 0.7%, as compared with the Standard Reference Material 909 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The maximum total error of a Reference Method value, including the 95% confidence interval and systematic errors, is < 2.3%. The presented candidate Reference Methods have been successfully used to set target values in the German EQA scheme and the internal accuracy control of routine laboratories.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

[Differential pulse voltammetry: focus on the measurement of 5-hydroxyindole compounds and uric acid in the brain].

The electrochemical signal obtained at the +300 mV potential (peak 3) in rats implanted for more than one week could be dependent upon extracellular fraction of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) since a single injection of Pargyline is sufficient to suppress it in caudate and raphe dorsalis nuclei. In contrast, in rats implanted for less than one week, this signal could be dependent upon extracellular fractions of 5-HIAA and uric acid since consecutive injections of Pargyline and Allopurinol are necessary to suppress it.

Animals↗