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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A novel synaptic transmission mediated by a PACAP-like neuropeptide in Drosophila.

Neuropeptide-mediated transmission was analyzed at Drosophila larval body-wall neuromuscular junctions. Focal application of vertebrate pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP38) to the neuromuscular junction region triggered two temporally distinct muscle responses: an immediate depolarization followed by a large enhancement of K+ current. This late enhancement occurred many minutes after the early depolarization. High frequency stimulation of motor nerve fibers evoked a postsynaptic response mimicking that induced by PACAP38. This evoked response was desensitized by preincubation of the preparation with PACAP38. PACAP38-like immunoreactivity was also found in the Drosophila CNS and at almost all larval neuromuscular junctions. Moreover, an immunoreactive band that compares well with PACAP38 in size was identified in Western blot. These results demonstrate that a PACAP-like peptide may function in invertebrates and that a neuropeptide can evoke two distinct postsynaptic responses, each separated by up to 15 min. In addition, this initial electrophysiological study provides a basis for genetic analysis of neuropeptide function in Drosophila.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A novel method of detecting rCBF with laser-Doppler flowmetry without cranial window through the skull for a MCAO rat model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with intraluminal technique, lesion volume and its reproducibility vary among laboratories. Although laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is useful to optimize the reliability, conventional methods require a craniotomy and special apparatus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel approach for LDF monitoring of rCBF through lateral aspect of the skull without a craniotomy. METHODS: SD rats were subjected to 45 min of MCAO using an intraluminal thread. MCAO was achieved by an examiner who had been trained 4 weeks for making the model with no LDF monitoring (Group-1, n = 12), while in the other group, the same examiner induced MCAO using a novel approach of LDF monitoring (Group-2, n = 12). rCBF was detected through an LDF probe attached to the lateral aspect of the skull. The survival rate and the infarct volume were estimated for comparison between the two groups 2 days after MCAO. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 25% in Group-1 and 0% in Group-2. The lesion volume of the cortex in Group-2 was 167.21 +/- 48.54 mm(3) (mean +/- SD), which was larger than that in Group-1 (112.77 +/- 36.03 mm(3), P = 0.026). The coefficient variation of the lesion volume was smaller in Group-2 (29%) than in Group-1 (35%), indicating better reproducibility of the lesion volume in Group-2 than in Group-1. CONCLUSIONS: The approach of LDF monitoring through the lateral aspect of skull was useful for making large consistent infarct with reducing intraanimal variability and unexpected animal death for rat MCAO model.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Coronoidectomy in maxillary swing for reducing the incidence and severity of trismus--a reminder.

PURPOSE: The maxillary swing approach is a proven method for access to the nasopharynx. However, often, trismus is incurred postoperatively, hampering adequate oral care and follow-up and affecting patients' quality of life. CASE REPORTS: Coronoidectomy was performed in four patients undergoing maxillary swing. Minimal trismus was seen in one patient undergoing repeat irradiation and chemotherapy. After a 1-month period no trismus was observed in the other three patients. CONCLUSION: Coronoidectomy, usually performed in maxillectomy for reducing trismus is a useful adjunct in the maxillary swing procedure.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

The deep subfascial approach to the temporomandibular joint.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to improve safety and visibility in the surgical approach to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In spite of the development of a myriad of surgical approaches to the TMJ, the facial nerve remains at risk for damage. For this reason the authors present an additional, safe, surgical approach to avoid injuries of the facial nerve during TMJ surgery, termed "the deep subfascial approach." PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two resident surgeons, under supervision of the Department Chief, made 29 surgical exposures of the condyle, safely using the deep subfascial approach. This surgical approach is carried out by means of a modified preauricular incision followed by the subfascial dissection. Dissection passes under both layers of the deep temporalis fascia. RESULTS: Neither permanent nor temporary motor loss of the frontal branch of the facial nerve was observed after surgery. It has not been necessary to ligate the superficial temporal vessels except the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery. Aesthetic results were excellent in all cases. CONCLUSION: The operation is technically facile, surgically uncomplicated, and clinically effective. It is our opinion that the deep subfascial approach to the TMJ represents a safe method to avoid injury of the facial nerve. We suggest this surgical procedure as a routine and safe approach to the TMJ and to the zygomatic arch, especially in second procedures or in delayed treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Revision tympanoplasty including anterior perforations and lateralization of grafts.

Not long ago, the restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting over an air-containing tympanic cavity seemed impossible. Fortunately, successful results are so consistent and universal today that restoration of the tympanic membrane is expected, and a failure calls for careful evaluation as to "why". If known principles are observed, few complications need occur. Usually, complications are the result of either the choice and placement of the graft used in the repair, or the presence of unresolved upper respiratory pathology. When revision tympanoplasty is necessary, use of the underplay fascial graft technique, properly applied, usually can solve any difficult problems.

Fascia↗
PubMed1979

A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch.

In an attempt to improve visibility and safety in the surgical approach to the malar arch and jaw joint, anatomical dissections of 56 facial halves were undertaken. Observations are made on the relationship of the facial nerve bifurcation and its temporal branch to bony landmarks. Attention is drawn to the dangerous area of fusion of the superficial fascia, the superficial layer of temporal fascia and the periosteum of the malar arch. The safety of approaching the malar arch through the pocket formed by the splitting of the lower part of the temporal fascia is emphasised. Minor modifications to the established pre-auricular approach were made and applied successfully to six sides in five patients.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed2002

Depressant effect on a C-fibre reflex in the rat, of RB101, a dual inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.

The effect of N-[(R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)-(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyldithiol]-1-oxopropyl]-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester (RB101), a dual inhibitor of the enkephalin-degrading enzymes, neutral endopeptidase and aminopeptidase N, was assessed in anaesthetised rats on the C-fibre reflex elicited by electrical stimulation within the sural nerve territory and recorded from the ipsilateral biceps femoris muscle. The temporal evolution of the pharmacological response was monitored by the repeated application of a constant stimulus intensity, namely three times threshold (3 T). In addition, recruitment curves were built by varying the stimulus intensity from 0 to 7 T. RB101 (7.5, 15 and 30 mg kg(-1), i.v.) induced a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible depression of the reflex, which lasted around 60 min with the highest dose. The ED(50) was calculated as 16.9 mg kg(-1). Analyses of the recruitment curves revealed: (1) a significant increase of threshold; (2) a significant depression of the reflex in the ascending part of the curve; and (3) a lack of major depressive effects on the responses elicited by the strongest stimuli (corresponding to the plateau of the curve). The increase in the nociceptive threshold by enkephalin-degrading enzyme inhibitors, confirms previous data obtained from behavioural tests. In addition, the present study revealed an efficacy of these compounds over a wide range of stimulus intensities, albeit excluding the highest.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed2003

Application of cast iron-platinum keeper to a collapsible denture for a patient with constricted oral opening: a clinical report.

Insertion of a denture is especially difficult for patents with a constricted oral opening. This report describes the fabrication of a collapsible removable partial denture with a cast iron-platinum attachment for a partially edentulous woman with a constricted oral opening resulting from rheumatoid arthritis and a craniotomy for a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Free temporoparietal osteomuscular flap for cranioplasty].

PURPOSE: Advances in composite materials for craniofacial reconstruction surgery has tended to limit indications for osteomuscular free flaps which nevertheless must be used for certain septic patients. The purpose of this report was to illustrate the usefulness of the free temoroparietal osteomuscular flap in this particular situation. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old man underwent surgical repair of an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery complicated by acute hydrocephaly treated by external then ventriculoperitoneal bypass. The fronto-pteryonal approach was used. The early postoperative period was complicated by osteitis of the cranial piece requiring revision. The revision procedure, performed at the end of the septic period, involved cranioplasty with acrylic cement. Recurrent infection contraindicated any new attempt for prosthetic repair. The patient was treated with a controlateral free temporoparietal osteomuscular flap to achieve cranioplasty. The postoperative period was uneventful with no infection and satisfactory healing. Flap vitality was very satisfactory. The patient's neurological status improved and no further complication developed. DISCUSSION: In certain therapeutic situations, several diffent techniques may be required to overcome postoperative complications or manage particularly difficult cases. A free osteomuscular flap can be a useful alternative for cranioplasty. This technique is rarely used but can offer an optimal solution in selected patients, particularly for second intention revision after failure of prosthetic repair.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1984

Use of temporalis fascia in eyelid reconstruction.

Full-thickness eyelid defects, as a result of trauma, continue to present a dilemma to the reconstructive surgeon. The authors present a technique of utilizing a temporalis fascia graft to hammock and support a nasal septal cartilage graft as part of reconstruction of the lower eyelid and the lateral canthus after traumatic avulsion. The static suspension afforded by the fascia helps produce proper apposition of the lower eyelid to the globe and provides lateral canthal support. This tissue implant is well tolerated in the eyelid and is readily available in the ophthalmic surgical field.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1996

Tympanic membrane reconstruction using formaldehyde-formed autogenous temporalis fascia: twenty years' experience.

This study describes 20 years' experience with autogenous temporalis fascia that is formed and shaped by formaldehyde cross-linking with special Fasciaform (Hear America, Palo Alto, Calif.) molds in the repair of large tympanic membrane perforations. One hundred twenty operations in 113 patients were performed between 1973 and 1993 to close large perforations in patients with intact ossicular chains. All perforations were successfully closed by this technique. Audiometric studies indicated that the postoperative air-borne gap was closed to within 0 to 10 dB in 63% and to within 0 to 20 dB in 97%. One patient had a 15-dB sensorineural hearing impairment. Graft lateralization requiring revision occurred in three patients, two of whom had previous unsuccessful tympanoplasties. Comparisons of adult vs. pediatric groups and primary vs. revision groups were made. The technique ensures the removal of any ectopic epithelium on the medial surface of the tympanic membrane remnant and provides for easy graft placement and stability during healing without the use of middle ear Gelfoam (Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.). The formaldehyde-formed fascia graft or Fasciaform graft technique provides an effective method of closing large perforations with excellent functional results and minimal complications.

Adolescent↗