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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Preliminary studies of lipids of the trematodes Eurytrema pancreaticum, Calicophoron erschowi and the turbellarian Penecurva sibirica.

The amount of total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and fatty acids was determined in cattle parasites, namely the trematodes Eurytrema pancreaticum, Calicophoron erschowi, and in the free-living turbellarian Penecurva sibirica. Neutral lipids of these flatworms contained sterols, sterol esters, triacylglycerols and free fatty acids. P. sibirica also contained diacylglycerols. Parasitic and free-living flatworms differed in phospholipid composition: the turbellarian did not contain phosphatidylserine, and the trematodes had practically no sphingomyelin or lysophosphatidyl choline. E. pancreaticum, C. erschowi and P. sibirica contained high levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as well as lysophosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin. The fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of flatworms and of the pancreas and rumen of the host animals were determined. The fatty acid composition of the flatworm lipids reflected the fatty acid composition of the host tissue but was not identical to it.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo.

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Treatment and control of the intestinal fluke, Skrjabinotrema ovis.

The small intestinal fluke, Skrjabinotrema ovis, is common among sheep in the Xinjiang region of western China. Up to 65,000 flukes per sheep were found during September when sheep were grazing summer pastures at high altitudes. Efficacy studies of some common flukicides revealed that oxyclosanide and triclabendazole were not effective in reducing the egg output of S. ovis, whereas closantel and praziquantel reduced egg counts by up to 98%. Praziquantel at 25 and 50 mg kg-1 reduced worm counts by 99%. Albendazole at 15 mg kg-1 reduced egg counts by 83% and worm counts by 91% but at lower dose rates it was ineffective.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2004

Navigation within host tissues: Schistosoma mansoni and Trichobilharzia ocellata schistosomula respond to chemical gradients.

After penetration of human or duck host's skin schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichobilharzia ocellata migrate parallel to the surface in the epidermis, then they enter the dermis and venules prior to further migration. This study focuses on potential behavioural mechanisms and host cues which may enable this navigation within host tissues. We stimulated cercariae to penetrate into agar substrates and to transform to schistosomula, and analysed their orientation behaviour within chemical concentration gradients. Both species were chemotactically attracted by low molecular weight fractions of their host's serum (human, duck) and D-glucose and L-arginine were identified as attractive components in serum. They responded to gradients, which established after addition of very low concentrations of D-glucose (1 microM in T. ocellata and 2 microM in S. mansoni) and L-arginine (0.025 microM in T. ocellata and 1.0 microM in S. mansoni). The response to D-glucose was specific as other saccharides had no stimulatory activity. L-Arginine stimulated chemotactic orientation both when free and bound in peptides. However, the two species responded differently to the position of L-arginine within the peptide (terminal or subterminal), and only S. mansoni, not T. ocellata, responded to peptides occurring in serum and endothelial cells: fibronectin (1 microM), bradykinin (25 pM) and its fragment 1-5 (2.5 microM). Both species adjusted their body axis with the ventral side towards the higher concentrations of D-glucose and of L-arginine. We argue that the chemotactic orientation and the alignment of the body axis enable the parasites (i) to orientate towards deeper skin layers and avoid accidental perforation of the covering skin surface layers, (ii) to determine their position during their surface-parallel migration within the epidermis, (iii) to locate blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of temperature on fecundity in vitro, egg hatching and reproductive development of Benedenia seriolae and Zeuxapta seriolae (Monogenea) parasitic on yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi.

Globally, aquaculture industries involved with commercial culture of kingfish (Seriola spp.) experience outbreaks of monogenean parasites, which can cause heavy stock losses. In Australia and New Zealand, aquaculturists of kingfish Seriola lalandi incur financial losses caused by two monogenean species: Benedenia seriolae and Zeuxapta seriolae which parasitise the skin and gills, respectively. This study provides information on some basic temperature-dependent life-cycle parameters of these problematic monogeneans on S. lalandi. Hatching times and age at maturity were inversely related to water temperature within the range experienced by wild kingfish in New Zealand (13-21 degrees C). Mature B. seriolae in vitro laid on average 37 eggs/day that hatched over approximately 4 days; peak hatching occurred 9, 11 and 22 days post-deposition at temperatures of 21, 17.5 and 13+/-1.0 degrees C, respectively. Z. seriolae in vitro laid on average 246 eggs/day that hatched over 2 days; peak hatching occurred 7, 9 and 15 days post-deposition at these respective temperatures. B. seriolae matured within 20, 25 and 48 days p.i. at 21, 18 and 13 degrees C. Z. seriolae matured within 25, 37 and >52 days p.i. at the same temperatures. This research describes stages in the reproductive development of B. seriolae and Z. seriolae and discusses the inclusion of basic parasitic life-cycle parameters into management strategies designed to maximise treatment efficacy and limit monogenean epizootics in sea-cage kingfish culture.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Parasitism as a source of potential distortion in studies on endocrine disrupting chemicals in molluscs.

The effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) on molluscs in both marine and freshwater polluted environments are a continuing area of concern resulting in many field and laboratory studies. However, molluscs are commonly infected with trematode parasites which, in order to obtain sufficient nutrients for their own development, naturally disrupt the functioning of the endocrine system of the host. The physiological effects of parasitisation on the reproduction and immune response of molluscs are summarised, using a number of examples, and the implications for EDC studies are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Clinical and biological abnormalities in patients after fasciolosis treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this communication was to report clinical disorders and biological abnormalities in patients followed over a 3- to 18-year period after the last date of fasciolosis treatment. These observations were noted in 87 individuals (out of 711) during a 30-year epidemiological survey. RESULTS: We noted diffuse pain in the right hypochondrium, persisting 2 to 6 years after treatment (3.7% of persons), and weight loss appearing during treatment and persisting afterwards (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Our current state of knowledge leads us to asking whether pain in the right hypochondrium and weight loss would not be due to the presence of persistent hepatic lesions following fasciolosis treatment. Other investigations in patients after treated fasciolosis are necessary to confirm these abnormalities and determine their frequency.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Molecular taxonomic position of the elephant schistosome, Bivitellobilharzia nairi, newly discovered in Sri Lanka.

Bivitellobilharzia nairi (Mudaliar and Ramanujachar, 1945) Dutt and Srivastava, 1955 was first recorded in India. A number of adult worm specimens of this schistosome species were recovered from a domestic elephant, which died in 1999 in Sri Lanka. This is the first report of this schistosome from Sri Lanka. In the present study, in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship with other species of schistosomes, sequences from the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal gene repeat, part of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S), and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene from B. nairi were analyzed. Two intraspecific variations were seen within 13 individuals in the ITS2 region. In the CO1 region of the mitochondrial DNA, there were four haplotypes in the nucleotide sequences and two haplotypes in the amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using the nuclear DNA showed that B. nairi was basal to all of species of the genus Schistosoma. The 28S tree also showed that the mammalian lineage was monophyletic. However, phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial DNA showed that B. nairi was nested within the genus Schistosoma. The taxonomical position for this species as well as the contradiction between the results from the nuclear and mitochondrial genes were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Two new species of bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) parasitic in freshwater fishes of Argentina.

Two new species of bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) were found parasitizing freshwater fishes of Argentina. Prosorhynchoides cambapuntaensis sp. n. from Salminus maxillosus (Characidae) is characterised by the tegument covered with two kinds of spines, scale-like spines anteriorly and fine spines posteriorly; uterine loops reaching the vitelline arch in the pre-oral region; and the Laurer's canal short, opening dorsally immediately posterior to the ovary. Rhipidocotyle santanaensis sp. n. from Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro (Acestrorhynchidae) is characterised by the rhynchus with two lateral projections; the testes arranged in tandem or slightly diagonal; and the vitelline follicles forming an arch in the pre-oral region.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Two new blood flukes (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from Epinephelinae (Perciformes: Serranidae) of the Pacific Ocean.

Pearsonellum pygmaeus n. sp. is described from Cromileptes altivelis (Serranidae), the Barramundi Cod, from Heron Island (southern Great Barrier Reef) and Lizard Island (northern Great Barrier Reef). This new species differs from Pearsonellum corventum (type and only species) in the combination of smaller overall body size, the relative distance of the brain from the anterior end, the relative lengths of both the oesophagus and the testis, the degree to which the testis extends outside the intercaecal field, the shape of the testis, the shape and size of the ovary and the extent to which the uterus loops around the ovary. There are in addition, 20 base pair differences between the ITS2 rDNA sequence of P. pygmaeus n. sp. and that of P. corventum. Three new host records for P. corventum are reported. Adelomyllos teenae n. g., n. sp. is described from Epinephelus coioides (Serranidae), the Estuary Cod, from Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland. The new genus differs from the 22 other sanguinicolid genera in the combined possession of two testes, a cirrus-sac, separate genital pores, a post-ovarian uterus and an H-shaped intestine. A. teenae n. sp. is the third sanguinicolid described from the Epinephelinae. Sanguinicolids have now been reported from 11 species of Serranidae.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Trichobilharzia regenti: the developmental differences in natural and abnormal hosts.

Trichobilharzia regenti is a bird nasal parasite causing human cercarial dermatitis. Schistosomula are able to migrate via the bird nervous system and then, they mature and lay eggs in the nasal cavity. To some extent they can also migrate and develop in mammals. The present study has shown the developmental differences of T. regenti in the natural (ducks) and the abnormal (mice; inbred strains BALB/c, SCID) hosts. The study describes the following parameters of developing worms: length and width of the body, length and content of the intestine, development of the reproductive organs and characterization of surface and intestinal epithelium by lectin probes. The differences in length and width of schistosomula localized in the spinal cord of various hosts cannot be simply explained and may depend on yet unknown host factors. Moreover, there must be several physiological changes during the migration through the skin, the nervous tissue and the nasal cavity, enabling uptake and digestion of different host components. For example the intestine of schistosomula was mostly filled with light-brown pigmented granules until 6 days p.i. (probably of nervous tissue origin) while the older schistosomula and adult intestine was mostly full of dark-brown pigment (probably of blood origin). Reproductive organs were observed from day 9 p.i. in worms from ducks. Whereas ConA and PSA specifically bound to the surface and intestinal epithelium of schistosomula and adults, only the labelled UEA-I lectin could be used as a surface marker of cercaria-schistosomulum transformation. The results confirmed retarded development of parasites in abnormal hosts; the factor responsible for this phenomenon should be clarified in the future.

Animals↗