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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Emotional problems of residents in psychiatry.

The authors used a questionnaire technique to determine the magnitude of the problem of emotional illness and poor performance during psychiatric residency, the procedures that are used to screen for or help disturbed residents, and characteristics that differentiate residents who are at risk. The data indicated that residents who have problems that lead to termination are rarely free of emotional disturbance. The general belief that women, foreign medical graduates, and minority group members are at higher risk for problems during residency was not supported; however, younger residents and transfers from other programs appeared to be at risk. A disturbing finding was the high rate of suicide reported. The authors stress the need for further work with the "marginal" resident and for research on screening and supportive procedures.

Achievement↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of child neurology outpatients with headache, dizziness, and fainting.

Neurologic symptoms such as headache, vertigo, dizziness, and fainting can create a diagnostic problem in pediatric neurology practice because they are also the most common presenting symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Children, especially adolescents, who are often admitted with such autonomic symptoms, are frequently misdiagnosed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity rate in children and adolescents presenting with neurologic symptoms such as headache, vertigo, and syncope. We investigated 31 children who presented with these symptoms. All children were evaluated for their medical history and had a physical and neurologic examination. We attempted to rule out a possible organic etiology. All patients received a complete laboratory examination (blood count, electroencephalography), pediatric cardiology and otorhinolaryngology consultations, and a caloric test. All patients were assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria. The majority of the patients (93.5%) received a psychiatric diagnosis according to the DSM-IV criteria. Most of these patients were adolescents and female. Psychosocial stressors such as academic problems, familial dysfunction, parental psychopathology, and child sexual abuse were associated with somatic symptoms. The results of this study demonstrated the importance of differential diagnosis and psychiatric comorbidity in a pediatric neurologic outpatient population. Treatment should be directed at biopsychosocial integrity, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach should be applied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Phencyclidine in the social interaction test: an animal model of schizophrenia with face and predictive validity.

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a hallucinogenic drug that can mimic several aspects of the schizophrenic symptomatology in healthy volunteers. In a series of studies PCP was administered to rats to determine whether it was possible to develop an animal model of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The rats were tested in the social interaction test and it was found that PCP dose-dependently induces stereotyped behaviour and social withdrawal, which may correspond to certain aspects of the positive and negative symptoms, respectively. The effects of PCP could be reduced selectively by antipsychotic drug treatment, whereas drugs lacking antipsychotic effects did not alleviate the PCP-induced behaviours. Together these findings indicate that PCP effects in the rat social interaction test may be a model of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with face and predictive validity and that it may be useful for the evaluation of novel antipsychotic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of severe behaviour problems following herpes simplex encephalitis.

Violent and sexually disinhibited behaviour together with poor self-care developed in a 38-year-old teacher following herpes simplex encephalitis. These behaviours were sufficiently severe to make rehabilitation difficult and return to the community impossible. Initially, only violent behaviour was treated, both by medication and a behaviour programme, and sexual disinhibition subsequently by the latter. In order to implement the programme a special (psychiatric) nurse was required on a 24 h basis. The incidence of violent behaviour was reduced from up to 55 times per day to zero over a period of 2 months. Whether this was affected by medication or behaviour management, or by spontaneous recovery, is discussed. Sexual disinhibition was eliminated in supervised settings, but continued to occur if left unsupervised and this improvement resulted from behaviour management. Poor personal hygiene also improved markedly over the 6-month period. The goal of returning the patient home to live with her family was achieved and she remained there at follow-up. This intervention was carried out in a rehabilitation unit that does not specialize in the treatment of such cases; clearly this has implications for cost and quality of care.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

An application of stepwise discriminant analysis to the characterization of military heroin dependents, illicit drug users, and psychiatric patients.

This application of stepwise discriminant analysis explores a way to structure skewed-sample interview data, discusses some implications of the results and the conceptual limitations of assumptions about deviancy, and suggests a focus for future studies of the complex phenomena of drug abuse. The methodology differs from previous reports in that it uses a constant probability level, letting the computational procedure determine the number of significant variables. It also provides a method of determining the "chance" level (the amount of correct classification when there are no differences between the groups) so that the observed correct classification values may be usefully interpreted.

Computers↗