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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Anxiety, knowledge and satisfaction in women receiving false positive results on routine prenatal screening: a randomized controlled trial.

The majority of women receiving an abnormal result on routine prenatal screening subsequently give birth to unaffected children. Previous studies have documented high levels of anxiety in women receiving such false positive results. In an attempt to reduce this anxiety, two methods of preparing women for undergoing such testing were compared: provision of detailed written information about maternal-serum alpha-fetoprotein testing; and anxiety management training. Eligible women were randomly allocated to one of five groups. Eighty-five women subsequently received false positive results on routine alpha-fetoprotein testing. There was some evidence that completing the study questionnaires had an anxiety-reducing effect. In contrast with the results of previous studies, there was no evidence that receipt of an abnormal alpha-fetoprotein result resulted in raised anxiety. Neither of the interventions, alone or in combination, had an effect upon anxiety following an abnormal alpha-fetoprotein result. Receipt of detailed written information however, led to women having more knowledge and being more satisfied with the amount of information that they had. One in three of the class groups reported that the classes had influenced the way they had dealt with worries. Although the interventions did not reduce anxiety in this study, there are other reasons for considering their incorporation into routine clinical practice.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1991

The effect of written reassuring information on out-patients complaining of tinnitus.

The study investigated the effect of a two-page leaflet designed to reassure patients complaining of tinnitus. One half of new attenders at a tinnitus clinic received the leaflet while the other half did not. Clinic staff were blind to the condition to which patients were assigned. Tinnitus distress was assessed at the second appointment by means of a standardized questionnaire. Results indicated that questionnaire scores for the informed and non-informed subjects did not differ. However the informed group reported having significantly fewer 'unfulfilled needs'. They were less likely to want a medical cure or professional guidance. The level of general emotional distress as measured by the General Health Questionnaire did not moderate these effects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Information booklets for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease wish to know more about their disease. Booklets must deal with such problems as prognosis and cancer risk. Although this information may depress up to 13% of patients who accept such booklets, between 30% and 39% become less anxious. Patients are highly motivated and can deal with quite difficult text, although illustrations can be helpful. Up to 34% of patients offered such booklets refused them. Nevertheless such booklets reach many people who are not members of self-help groups, and can be used by the doctor in counselling sessions with his or her patient, and in many cases produce reassurance and even lead to fewer consultations.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Alcohol carousel and children's school drawings as part of a community educational strategy.

Within a community action research program, messages for the community population can be conveyed through already existing channels (newspapers, magazines, TV, radio) or special tools can be created. As part of the Rifredi Health District (16,900 inhabitants), Florence, Italy, Community Alcohol Action Research Project, 5,500 alcohol carousels (translated and adapted from the Stockholm carousel) were distributed during 1996 in the project's area where they were freely available. Two samples, one of a consumers' association (response rate 26%) and the other of school parents, employed a questionnaire. A few local key people underwent a qualitative interview. In all circumstances the carousel proved to be understandable, useful, and able to elicit discussions about alcohol issues. In 1996-97, after a 2-year training program in communication skills and alcohol prevention, 13 teachers in local preschools, elementary schools, and middle schools planned and implemented a health education program on the issues of alcohol and food. One outcome was nine drawings produced by the school children. The drawings were exhibited in some schools and supermarkets, and were hung in city buses.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of a package comprising a patient-orientated, evidence-based self-help guidebook and patient-centred consultations on disease management and satisfaction in inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if a whole systems approach to self-management improves clinical outcomes and leads to cost-effective use of NHS services. DESIGN: Nineteen hospitals were randomised to 10 control sites and nine intervention sites. Consultants from intervention sites received training in patient-centred care before recruitment and introduced the intervention to eligible patients. Patients at the control sites were recruited and went on to have an ordinary consultation. Qualitative interviews were undertaken to obtain an in-depth understanding of patients' and consultants' experience of the intervention. SETTING: Follow-up outpatient clinics at 19 hospitals in the north-west of England. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred patients (297 at intervention sites and 403 at control sites) with established ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, aged 16 years and over, and able to write in English. INTERVENTIONS: Consultants were trained to provide a patient-centred approach to care. Guidebooks on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were developed with patients prior to the study. Patients prepared a written self-management plan and self-referred to services based on a self-evaluation of their need for advice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of hospital outpatient consultation, quality of life (QoL) and acceptability to patients. Health service resource use and assessed cost effectiveness using the EQ-5D. RESULTS: After 1 year, the intervention resulted in fewer hospital visits, without change in the number of primary care visits. Patients felt more able to cope with their condition. The intervention produced no reduction in QoL and did not raise anxiety. The intervention group reported fewer symptom relapses; 74% of patients in the intervention group indicated a preference to continue the system. Qualitative results showed the guidebook was effective but organisational limitations constrained patient-centred aspects of the intervention for some. Cost-effectiveness analyses favoured self-management over standard care. CONCLUSIONS: Further use of this method in chronic disease management seems likely to improve overall patient satisfaction and reduce health expenditure without evidence of adverse effect on disease control. Further attention needs to be given to self-referral and access arrangements and a re-distribution of control to patients through increased adherence to patient-centred norms on the part of consultants. Future research is recommended to evaluate the operating systems within secondary and primary care that would allow self-managers to self-refer and to keep them informed of new treatments, also to explore models for training health professionals in self-care methods, to study long-term effects of self-management in chronic disease and to transfer this approach to other chronic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving comprehension for cancer patients with low literacy skills: strategies for clinicians.

This paper provides strategies to improve communication between clinicians and patients, particularly patients who are among the 44 million adult Americans with low literacy skills. Included are insights into the nature of the literacy problem and how it affects patient comprehension of information across the continuum of cancer care. Practical strategies address how to help patients understand medical advice, reduce literacy levels of cancer information, and help patients remember the advice given. A summary of the strategies is included in the Appendix for convenient reference.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The focus group. 1987.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1999

Test of an educational brochure on advance directives designed for well-elderly people.

The aim of this study was to test an advance directive brochure designed especially for well-elderly people. The brochure was developed using information from literature on preparing educational materials and from information gained from well-elderly focus groups. The information sought was in regard to what they knew and what they wanted to know about advance directives and what they found appealing in brochures on advance directives. Twenty well-elderly people participated in the study. Prior to data collection, the brochure was given to 10 nurses who were asked to evaluate it according to the Bernier Instructional Design Scale 2. Out of a possible 280 points, the brochure received 244. The participants in the study were asked to read the brochure and answer 15 questions about the content, user friendliness, and attractiveness of the brochure. The overall results were positive. The first five questions had to do with the appearance of the brochure. All 20 participants responded favorably to these questions. The next 10 questions had to do with understanding the content. A simple percentage was used to calculate the results. The participants understood 90.5% of the content. Based on these results, the brochure should be used in future intervention research and in discussions regarding the education of well-elderly people and the drafting of advance directives.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2005

Quality handout development and use.

Handouts have been a mainstay of teaching for many years. Even as content moves to electronic delivery and dissemination, well-crafted handouts are often printed for future use. In this article, we examine appropriate handout use and provide specific guidelines for improving handout quality. A section focused on professional elements important during handout construction emphasizes the creation of handouts that become more functional, so they can be used outside of the classroom experience.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Self-administered psychotherapy for depression using a telephone-accessed computer system plus booklets: an open U.S.-U.K. study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a self-help program for mild-to-moderate depression that combined treatment booklets and telephone calls to a computer-aided Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. METHOD: In an open trial, 41 patients from Boston, Massachusetts; Madison, Wisconsin; and London, England, used COPE, a 12-week self-help system for depression. COPE consisted of an introductory videotape and 9 booklets accompanied by 11 telephone calls to an IVR system that made self-help recommendations to patients based on information they entered. RESULTS: All 41 patients successfully completed the self-assessment in the booklets and telephone calls; 28 (68%) also completed the 12-week self-help program. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Work and Social Adjustment scores improved significantly (41% and 42% mean reduction in the intent-to-treat sample, respectively, p < .001). Eighteen (64%) of the 28 completers were considered responders on the basis of > or = 50% reduction in their HAM-D scores. There was a higher percentage of completers in the pooled U.S. sites (82% vs. 43%), and U.S. completers improved more than those in the United Kingdom (73% vs. 43% were responders). Most (68%) of the calls were made outside usual office hours, Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Expectation of effectiveness and time spent making COPE calls (more treatment modules) correlated positively with improvement over 12 weeks. Mean call length for completers was 14 minutes. CONCLUSION: A self-help system comprised of a computer-aided telephone system and a series of booklets was used successfully by people with mild-to-moderate depression. These preliminary results are encouraging for people who cannot otherwise access ongoing, in-person therapy.

Adult↗