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[The role of nurses in psychiatric services].

Specific features of the nursing process in practical activities of nurses of psychiatric service of the Russian Federation should receive special attention in the system of vocational training. Increase of the volume and improvement of quality of training, reorganization of nurses' work in an inpatient and outpatient setting are the main approaches to improving the quality of medical care and, among other things, mental health of the population.

Humans↗

[Nurses attitude toward the manual recording system of medical records].

The main goal of this work was to identify factors related to nurses' understanding about the manual recording system, through a descriptive-exploratory approach, developed with two hundred nursing professionals working at different hospital institutions located in the city of João Pessoa/Paraíba, Brazil. Data were collected with special forms using the Likert's behavioral scale. Results identified five factors such as: a) lack of knowledge about information systems; b) dissatisfaction with the manual recording system; c) needs of an informatized recording system to be used in nursing care; d) desire to utilize a classification system with all steps of the nursing process; and e) difficulties with nursing diagnosis related to manual recording. Findings demonstrated the dissatisfaction of nursing professionals about the manual recording system, requiring deep changes in the established recording model.

Adult↗

Marketing ambulatory services in the 1990s.

The ability to predict, to adapt to change, and to develop strategic low cost marketing plans are the components essential to remaining financially solvent in today's health care environment. The marketing process is analogous to the nursing process and should support the institution's mission statement, philosophy, and goals. Managers who are able to empower their personnel to become the sales force and implement the marketing plan will be the survivors in the 1990s.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗

Oral rehydration therapy: a simple, effective solution.

Nurses assess severity of dehydration as well as prescribe and supervise oral rehydration therapy to treat the following nursing diagnosis: fluid imbalance, less than body requirements, related to diarrhea. Published literature is reviewed to address the scope of the problem in the United States, provide a historical perspective, and review the components of oral rehydration solution. The nursing management of dehydration is outlined using the nursing process. The need for further nursing research, especially related to homemade oral rehydration solution, is discussed.

Child↗

Toward a uniform language for nursing in the US: work of the American Nurses Association Steering Committee on databases to support clinical practice.

This paper reports on the work of the American Nurses Association Steering Committee on Databases to Support Clinical Practice, in existence since 1989. Responding to its broad charges, the Steering Committee has laid down the foundations for its work in declaring the nursing process as the framework for nursing data in database systems, and in endorsing the Nursing Minimum Data Set as the set of minimum elements for any system designed to carry health-related data that reflects nursing care. In addition, the Steering Committee has begun initiatives to: 1) promote the inclusion of nursing-related data in large health-related databases, and 2) develop a Uniform Language for nursing through a phased approach. The Steering Committee also works directly with the International Council of Nurses to promote the inclusion of nursing data in internationally used classification systems and to develop an international language that describes nursing care.

American Nurses' Association↗

Evaluating the introduction of primary nursing: the use of a care plan audit.

A care plan audit was carried out as part of an action research project involving the introduction of primary nursing. The audit tool was based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney Activities of Living model and the nursing process. The audit showed that few changes in documentation had taken place as a result of the introduction of primary nursing. The volume of communications had increased but much of this was not documented on care plans. Other positive changes as a result of introducing primary nursing were found, and both patients and nurses were aware of these.

Activities of Daily Living↗

The management of constipation in people with advanced cancer.

Constipation represents a significant problem for people with advanced cancer. It ranks in the top three most uncomfortable symptoms experienced, causing pain and anorexia that ultimately result in misery. The negative impact upon the quality of life of the patient and their carers is significant. The key to the provision of effective care lies in the informed application of the nursing process, underpinned by a sound knowledge base in relation to the management of constipation. Theoretical knowledge enables appropriate preventative interventions to be planned in collaboration with other members of the multidisciplinary team. When preventative measures are not applied or are unsuccessful, informed assessment and care planning enables appropriate interventions to be applied in order to resolve constipation. This article will discuss the causes and management of constipation. The discussion focuses on assessment, setting goals with the patient and their carers, planning appropriate nursing interventions to support medical interventions and evaluating clinical outcomes.

Cathartics↗

Continuing education for oncology nurses.

Continuing education plays a key role in the development of the expert oncology nurse. It also is the primary way to help maintain and expand the nurse's expertise. This paper uses the nursing process as the framework for discussion of the development of continuing education activities. Assessing learners' needs is necessary for the development of programs that are learner responsive. Program planning is a multistep process that includes determining priorities, purposes and objectives, instructional methods, resources, budget, and evaluation criteria. A wide range of instructional methods can be considered for program implementation. Evaluation may be conducted at several levels of program development and outcome. Each of these areas is an important component in the success of program development.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗

Retaining and assisting nontraditional nursing students in a baccalaureate nursing program utilizing Blackboard & Tegrity technologies.

Historically Black College and University (HBCU) implemented new teaching methodologies that incorporate both technology and face-to-face teaching as a means of assisting and retaining the non-traditional student. Teaching strategies were enhanced through a new instructional delivery method, Tegrity. The course, Introduction to Nursing Process I, was transformed to a hybrid on-line course using Blackboard and Tegrity. Its transformation reflected inherent strengths when faculty used a systematic approach and implemented a strong team effort. A team approach including collaboration on lecture content and shared PowerPoint presentations in all sections of the course facilitated consistency in the course content. A conceptual model, which included a systems approach that encourages student involvement, was actualized throughout the project. This article utilizes a descriptive approach and explains what faculty did to retain and assist the 157 newly admitted non-traditional baccalaureate nursing students using two technological methods.

Black or African American↗

Overview of the nursing home litigation process.

An increasing number of nursing home litigations have been filed as a result of the growing nursing home population and laws regulating their care. Understanding the litigation process and developing an awareness of the issues examined by attorneys and experts for both the plaintiff and defense are important for nurses working in long-term care. Knowing the standards of care and the litigation process can prepare nurses to anticipate and successfully defend their positions.

Humans↗

The effectiveness of teaching strategies for creativity in a nursing concepts teaching protocol on the creative thinking of two-year RN-BSN students.

Because of changes in the medical environment, nurses must maintain the ability of divergent thinking to solve the health problems of patients. However, many nurses whose work in clinical practice has become routine have lost the ability of creativity. To cultivate nurses creativity should be a goal of nursing education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a nursing concepts teaching protocol by utilizing teaching strategies directed toward creativity to promote creativity in two-year RN-BSN students. This study design is a time series and one group experiment utilizing multiple instances of treatment. Teaching strategies for creativity were applied to a teaching unit and 52 two-year RN-BSN students were tested for creativity before the end of each semester. This study was conducted from March, 1999 to May, 2000, but only 30 students completed all tests and reached a 58% return rate. Torrance s (1974) definitions of creativity includ fluency, flexibility, and uniqueness were followed and the instrument, a questionnaire on Creativity in the application of the Nursing Process Tool (CNPT), was designed based on Emerson (1988). The content validity of Chinese-version CNPT was.79. The inter-coder reliability between two researchers was.84 following a coding guide that ten nursing education experts had established. The results indicated that 30 two-year RN-BSN students had improved fluency and flexibility. The improvements reached a significant level after the third semester. Only uniqueness declined. It is suggested that nursing faculty apply teaching strategies uniqueness more often in a teaching protocol of nursing concepts. By utilizing teaching strategies of creativity in a teaching protocol of nursing concepts, it is expected that two-year RN-BSN students can acquire characteristics of creativity for problem-solving skills in clinical settings.

Adult↗

Exploring the precursors of outcome evaluation in Australia: linking structure, process and outcome by peer review.

Reviews of the structure of the health system and the processes that contributed to them were the main forms of evaluation within nursing in Australia during the 1970s and 1980s. The documentation of the end result of care, or outcome evaluation, was rarely undertaken until more recent times. The development and implementation of formal assessment tools such as Qualpacs, the Phaneuf Nursing Audit, the Rush Medicus Nursing Process Methodology, Monitor, and Senior Monitor indicated the focus on structure and process evaluation. This paper examines how nursing care delivered to patients during the l970s and 1980s was evaluated, and explores why structure and process review were necessary precursors to outcome evaluation in the nineties. The necessity of linking structure and process analysis is discussed, in order to perform effective outcome evaluation to close the feedback loop between quality assessment and quality improvement. Peer review is one mechanism that can be used to achieve this. How this may also be a form of evidence-based practice which results in health gains for patients is also explored.

Australia↗

[Reflections on the nurse's responsibility in administering drugs].

This paper is intended to stress the nurse's responsibility in therapeutic drugs administration, mainly as related to her (or his) Knowledge of the pharmacological principles involved in drugs prescriptions. The Nursing Process regarding drug and client/patient assessment is herein presented as well as some example of nursing diagnosis. Planning and evaluation of nursing actions are also discussed and other issues are stressed that require a high degree of reasoning and research in the field.

Drug Interactions↗

Role development of the clinical nurse specialist within the Indian Health Service.

The clinical nurse specialist is employed in many health care facilities to improve patient care. One service unit of the Indian Health Service has expressed interest in the development of this role. At the present time, there are no advanced practitioners within this facility. Development, as well as implementation of the role, must be based on the cultural and health care needs of the Indian people. This paper discusses development of the role of perioperative clinical nurse specialist, based on personal experience, at a service unit providing health care to a large tribe of American Indians in the Southwestern United States. Examples of care incorporating cultural practices, are used to illustrate the practice of the perioperative specialist within the Indian Health Service. The nursing process is used to organize the development of the role.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

Improving quality of electronic data registration for clinical pathways at the regional hospital Sint Augustinus Antwerp (Flanders-Belgium): A case study.

The hospital management wishes to guarantee a high quality of care by improving processes. Th improvement is based upon performance measurements documented by care providers using an order communication, planning and result reporting system. The nursing process was integrated in clinical pathways. The documented data to guide the nursing care process and used for quality improvement are off poor quality. The documentation process was improved by setting up a structured organisation of data collection into the HIS, based on a clear procedure, discussed with care providers to make sure the data collection was achievable A control mechanism of measured data has been organised. The responsibility for gathering correct data was identified and a structured follow up was organised. Feed back and discussion of data and information of the responsible team was organised. After the implementation of this method more accurate measurements were noticed. More correct data for additional improvement of the process were used. Based upon these structured approach other processes will be improve.

Belgium↗

Research testing of tailored interventions.

The purpose of this article is to offer rationale to support the argument for research testing of tailored interventions. The individualization of nursing interventions is used as a basis for discussion of the emergent need to test tailored interventions at the research rather than practice level. Both justification of efficacy and feasibility support the research testing of tailored interventions, in support of an evolving nursing process. In order to retain its patient-centered focus and yet meet scientific standards for practice, nursing must evaluate the individualization of care through more theory-based and systematic research processes. The testing of tailored interventions at the research level would provide a means to achieve these ends.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

Evaluation of treatment goals: the use of goal attainment scaling.

Several observations are made on certain problems which psychiatric nurses may face during the evaluation phase of the nursing process. It is argued that the key to successful evaluation in this field lies in planning the evaluation itself, thereby strengthening the scientific basis of nursing practice by empirical methods. The use of goal attainment scaling is presented as one approach to this end.

Goals↗