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PubMed1986

[Effect of long-term exposure to high manganese levels in the air of the work area on the content of various immunoproteins in the blood].

Fifty-four subjects chronically exposed to high manganese concentrations due to professional melting of iron-manganese alloys have been examined. The threshold limit value was exceeded 3 to 4-fold. The minimum length of employment in exposure was 5 years, whereas the average-17.7 years. Control groups were matched by age, length of employment and energy expense. Among the determined parameters, i.e. IgG, IgA, IgM concentrations in blood serum and C3 and C4 elements of the complement--only the IgM concentration was significantly lower, whereas the others were not significantly different from those in relevant control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Allozyme genotypes of Drosophila buzzatii: feeding and oviposition preferences for microbial species, and habitat selection.

Mature, mated female D. buzzatii were given a choice of nine microbial communities actively growing on cactus homogenate in laboratory population cages, and tests were made to determine if flies of different genotypes (for seven allozyme loci) chose different microorganism species for either feeding or oviposition. Variation in feeding preferences was determined from assays of electrophoretic genotypes and the ingested microorganism species of individual flies. Oviposition preference variation was analyzed indirectly by assaying the genotypes of individuals raised from eggs laid on different microorganisms. No significant evidence was found for differences in feeding preferences among adults of different genotypes. For oviposition preferences, there were significant microorganism-genotype associations for each of seven polymorphic loci. Analyses of the total electrophoretic genotype, rather than of individual loci, showed that the genotypes of eggs laid on the same microorganism species were more similar than those laid on different species. That is, females of different genotypes show habitat selection for oviposition sites, which would facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Male-female responses in various body temperatures during and following exercise in cold air.

During cold exposure women have lower skin temperatures on the trunk and legs. This study evaluated whether these colder temperatures were also manifested in peripheral sites (nose, chin, and finger) where frost bite often occurs. In addition, the core temperature responses to passive rewarming were studied to evaluate whether women experience greater afterdrop as a result of colder shell temperatures. The subjects, eight males (M) and eight females (F), were tested on four occasions, once each at +10, +3.5, -3.5, and -10 degrees C. Each day the subject, clothed in sweat clothes and coveralls, performed 6 bouts of intermittent exercise (20 min. exercise (60W), 10 min. rest) for 3 h in the designated temperature and then rested in +21 degrees C for 1 h. The F had lower Tsk in every test, but finger, nose, and chin temperatures were never lower in F. There were no M-F differences in core temperature during cold exposure or during recovery, even though the Tsk would predict that F had a colder shell. Furthermore, there was no apparent relationship between Tsk rewarming and changes in T core. The data demonstrated no M-F differences in potential for either frost bite or for afterdrop in core temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of age, weight, and metabolic rate on endurance, hyperthermia, and heatstroke mortality in a small animal model.

Since exercise performance in man is a function of the age, body weight, and metabolic efficiency interrelationship, this investigation was designed to investigate in rats the effects of these variables on endurance, thermoregulation, and heatstroke mortality at a relatively mild environmental temperature (26 degrees C). The results indicate that light rats (250 g) are able to run (11 m X min-1, 6 degrees incline) longer (221 min), have the lowest rate of heat gain (0.019 C degrees X min-1) than the other groups and thereby experience low heatstroke mortality (20%) despite a large proportion of fluid loss (6.1%). Alternatively, heavier and older rats (350 g-12 week, 500 g-16 week, 500 g-30 week) demonstrated significantly reduced run times (108, 67, and 54 min), more rapid accumulation of metabolic heat (0.040, 0.057 and 0.062 degrees C X min-1) and much higher mortalities (50, 69, and 50%) despite lower percentages of fluid loss (5.2, 3.7, or 4.2%). Although the mechanisms responsible for these varying thermoregulatory responses to exercise-induced exhaustion are not fully understood, the present data indicate that the rate of fluid loss, body weight, and age are important variables in the etiology of thermoregulatory failure culminating in heatstroke and death.

Aging↗