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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Premenarcheal Mexican girls' expectations concerning perimenstrual changes and menstrual attitudes.

The objective of this study was to determine both the perimenstrual changes that Mexican premenarcheal girls expect to experience and their attitudes toward menstruation. A total of 750 premenarcheal girls in fifth and sixth grade were studied. Participants completed a Perimenstrual Change Checklist, which listed 20 negative possible perimenstrual changes and ten positive ones, and a Spanish version of the Adolescent Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. The results showed a set of mostly negative perimenstrual expectations, the most common being discomfort, cramps or abdominal pain and mood swings. Concerning menstrual attitudes, the girls scored highest on secrecy, followed by negative feelings and by positive feelings. The girls who perceived menstruation as a negative event and with secrecy, expected more negative perimenstrual changes, while those who perceived menstruation as a positive event expected more positive perimenstrual changes. We believe premenarcheal girls, with no personal experience, must be more influenced by cultural stereotypes which are of a negative nature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pregnancies and menstrual function before and after combined radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (TVPP) for Hodgkin's disease.

The menstrual cycle, pregnancies, and offspring were evaluated before and after initial combined radiation (RT) and chemotherapy with thiotepa, vinblastine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (TVPP), in 34 women between the ages of 18 and 44 (median 26.5 years) treated for Stage II and Stage III Hodgkin's disease. The median range of follow-up is 83.1 months (range 40.5-140). After therapy 94.1% (32/34) continued to menstruate. Two of the four patients over the age of 35 ceased to menstruate. All patients under the age of 35 continued to menstruate (30/30). Age at the time of diagnosis was the only factor affecting change in menses with a significant probability (p = .001) that women greater than 30 years of age will experience some change in menstrual pattern. Seventeen pregnancies occurred in 12 women after therapy; 2 had 4 elective abortions; 10 delivered 12 children with normal physical development; 1 will deliver six months from now. Twelve of thirteen patients who wanted to become pregnant have conceived. The ability to become pregnant and deliver normal children after intensive treatment with combined radiation and chemotherapy (RT/TVPP) was comparable to the patients' pretreatment record.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parkinson's disease: the effects on womanhood.

AIM: To understand how women with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience and cope with menstruation, associated gynaecological problems and adjustments to womanhood. METHOD: In-depth case studies were completed with 19 women who told their stories using a combination of interviews, group interviews, reflective diaries and creative writing. RESULTS: The data revealed that most (n = 16, 83 per cent) of the women associated PD with a worsening of their menstruation problems. There was a general perception that interaction with doctors and nurses focused on drug efficacy and mobility. Distressing practical problems associated with menstruation, relationships and sexual problems were rarely addressed. CONCLUSION: Women in this study experienced emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, pain and increased severity of menstrual problems after the onset of PD. The findings not only challenge nurses to find new ways of working to ensure best practice, but also to access expert care and support for these women.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strategy for serum ferritin measurement in 16 to 45 year old women in health screening centers].

Even in industrialized countries, the iron-deficiency anemia is frequent in menstruating women. However, the systematic measurement of serum ferritin is not justified. In this study, a strategy for ferritin measurement has been determined from data of centers for health screening, obtained in 6,098 menstruating women. This strategy is based on biological results (hemoglobin, MCV, RDW, GGT, ALAT) and on responses to the questions about blood donation, birth country and contraceptive habits. The measurement of serum ferritin is realized in 64% menstruating women and 23% have an hypoferritinemia (< 20 mg/l).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A qualitative investigation of women's perceptions of premenstrual syndrome: implications for general practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Many women consult general practitioners each year, seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome. This qualitative study presents evidence of women's own perceptions of this problem, which may assist in the provision of individualized health care. AIM: To explore women's constructions of premenstrual syndrome using grounded analysis. METHOD: A qualitative, semi-structured interview study carried out in Northern Ireland. Thirteen women were interviewed individually. Thereafter, 33 women participated in group discussions. Five health visitors then commented individually on the findings. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from the analysis. These themes suggested that women tend to view the menstrual cycle holistically and that premenstrual syndrome is regarded as debilitating by only a small minority of women. Participants indicated an awareness of the intra- and inter-personal variability of menstrual experience. They were ambivalent about menstruation, viewing it as natural but, at the same time, unnatural in terms of day-to-day existence. Talking to other women served two functions, first by providing a yardstick against which to evaluate their own experiences, and secondly by providing support and advice. In contrast, women tended to talk about menstruation only to selected men, mainly partners, primarily in the interests of educating them. Women viewed menstruation as potentially disempowering by virtue of its uncontrollability, and felt that both a positive attitude and the use of a range of remedies were important for women wishing to become empowered with respect to this aspect of their lives. CONCLUSIONS: Women's own constructions of premenstrual syndrome differ markedly from those as presented in medical textbooks and research literature: secondary sources that have significantly impacted upon general practitioners' attitudes towards this condition. The provision of a range of treatment options, including support groups, is suggested, on the basis of evidence gathered using qualitative methods, as likely to be viewed by women as more appropriate than offering treatment based on the evidence provided by traditional randomized controlled trials.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A profile of menstrual disorders in a private set up.

Menstruation and its disorders are still considered unholy and impure and are not yet recognised as significant reproductive health morbidity. Therefore a prospective study was carried out at a private clinic for a period of three months where total number of patients coming with current or past menstrual problems are 525. This number did not include pregnant women or those on any hormonal medications or having dysfunctional uterine bleeding. This study aimed to find out the incidence of Menstrual Morbidity and their mode of presentation. It has also tried to find out these women's age, parity, age of menarche and number, following discriminating traditional rituals during their 1st and regular menses, their family planning status and the districts from where they came to Kathmandu for their treatment. In this study, menstrual morbidity was found to be 43.75%. Approximately 60% of women having menstrual complaints had absolutely normal menstrual cycle; whereas 13% of them had irregular, 17% of them had prolonged and 6% had short menstrual cycle. A significant number (46%) of women although suffering from menstrual problems presented with other symptoms like vaginal discharge, pain lower abdomen, subfertility, urinary problems, abdominal lumps and for cuT check-ups. 3% of the women who presented with vague, non-specific complaints asking for a general check up had one or the other menstrual problem. Although approximately 69% of these women were from the age group of 20-39 years, 4% of them were adolescents and 27% above 40 years. It was observed that although approximately 78% of these women were primi- and multiparous ladies, 22% were unmarried and nulliparous suffering from various menstrual morbidities. More than 55% of these women had their menarche at the age of 12-14 years. It was not surprising to note that more than 90% of women had to follow the traditional unhealthy and unsociable rituals during their first menstruation. More than 75% of them had to follow the discriminating traditional rituals which consider a menstruating woman untouchable for 5 days of every month throughout their active reproductive lives. 20% of these women were using non-hormonal contraceptive methods, out of which more than 50% had undergone permanent sterilisation. It was a matter of pride to note that this clinic was providing the health care services to the adolescents and women of 13 zones and more than 52 districts of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical, hormonal and biochemical changes after treatment with metformin and weight reduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

AIM OF THE STUDY: to compare the clinical, hormonal and biochemical changes after the application of the two ways of influence upon insulin resistance in women with PCOS - reduction of weight and application of metformin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is an open, 6 months, prospective study, including 60 women with PCOS, divided in two groups. The first group (n=35) received 1700 mg metformin (M) per day. The second group (n =25) was put on a low caloric diet (1200-1400 kcal) for reduction of weight. The following anthropological and clinical parameters have been checked in the beginning and at the end of the study - weight, BMI, frequency of menstruation, waist to hip ratio, hirsutismus, defined by the Ferriman-Gallwey index. The following hormonal parameters have been studied as well - testosterone, SHBG, insulin, DHEAS, LH and FSH. FAI and HOMAIR have also been determined. RESULTS: A considerable improvement in the frequency of menstruation has been noticed in both groups, while hirsutism has been influenced positively mostly in the group, where M is applied. In group 2 the clinical improvement is directly connected with the percent of weight reduction. In group 1 the clinical changes depend on the degree of influence over insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: The higher BMI is, the more likely to expect is an effect over the menstruation cycle, due to weight reduction, than to M application or to the increase dosage of the drug. In cases of women with expressed hirsutism, it is more appropriate to apply M as a monotherapy or in combination with programs for body-weight reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic survey of menstrual patterns amongst adolescents in Nigeria.

Nine hundred and fifty secondary school girls aged between 10 and 18 years were randomly selected and surveyed. Information on their age at menarche, regularity of menstruation at onset and the time of survey and length of period of irregularity were sought using a well structured questionnaire. Estimation of blood loss per period premenstrual symptoms and signs, prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhoea were also inquired about. This study demonstrated a secular trend in the age at menarche when compared with other similar studies conducted in the previous decade in Nigeria. A higher prevalence of 71.8% of any grade of dysmenorrhoea was found in this study when compared with figures from developed countries, this and the short mean duration of irregular menstruation (3.7 months after menarche) were taken to be evidence of early establishment of regular ovular menstruation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Menstrual blood loss and iron nutrition in Filipino women.

Menstrual blood loss was measured in 80 apparently healthy women aged 15-44 years. The study showed a median menstrual blood loss of 37.1 ml per period and the range was from 5.4-169.0 ml. With an average menstrual cycle of 29 days and a mean hemoglobin content of 12.8 g/dl the average iron loss was estimated to be about 0.55 mg/day. The simultaneous effects of menstrual iron loss and dietary iron intake on the iron status of menstruating women were examined using multiple regression analysis. The parameters used to measure iron status were serum iron, transferrin saturation index (TSI), hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Among these parameters, TSI was found to be the most sensitive indicator of changes in factors affecting iron balance moreover, it was found that with greater menstrual loss and decreasing iron intake, there was a marked fall in TSI. However, the decline of TSI did not reach a level at which deficiency of iron transport would have occurred. These results suggest that iron intake was enough to replenish the iron lost in menstruation. Results of statistical analysis showed that the upper limit of menstrual blood loss should be about 80 ml per period. Any loss above this level for continuously long period of time may lead to anemia. This condition is further aggravated by insufficient iron intake. The data from this study are useful in estimating the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iron for menstruating Filipino women. They will also serve as a basis of management of patients in medical practice in terms of evaluating risk of and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Three cases of catamenial pneumothorax].

Three cases of catamenial pneumothorax were presented. A 42-year-old woman with intrapelvic endometriosis had recurrent right-sided pneumothorax with menstruation more than six times. At the operation only a bleb was noted at the apex of the right lung. In a 16-year-old woman who already had been operated on for recurrent right-sided pneumothorax one year ago, left-sided pneumothorax occurred on the day of the beginning of each menstruation four times. A small bleb was noted at the apex. A 29-year-old woman with cesarean section at the age of 25 had recurrent right-sided pneumothorax occurring on the day before the beginning of menstruation three times. Though the operation was performed during her menstrual period, neither air leakage nor any lesions were found. In all cases each lesion was resected and did not prove endometriosis, and partial parietal pleurectomy was performed for pleurodesis. No pneumothorax has recurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Postovulatory and post-implantation inhibition of fertility--general account (author's transl)].

Latest knowledge about interception and induced menstruation is discussed. Interception (postovulatory inhibition of fertility) can be undertaken by using oestrogens, anti-oestrogens and gestagens as well as non-steroid compounds. Induced menstruation is discussed as a method of post-implantation inhibition of fertility. Induction of menstruation, that is post-implantation contraception, will be feasible by means of anti-gestagens or inhibitors ov ovarian steroid biosynthesis. While most various research efforts have been undertaken, no practicable procedure has become available as yet.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist induced luteal regression by concurrent exogenous pulsatile gonadotropin administration in monkeys.

We studied the effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist given in midluteal phase. Monkeys received the antagonist (n = 6), [N-Ac-D-p-Cl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]-GnRH: hydrochloride or vehicle (n = 5). Absent luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility, diminished progesterone (P) secretion (P less than 0.01), luteal phase truncation and premature menstruation were observed in all receiving the antagonist. To investigate the site of action, four females received pulsatile exogenous human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) concurrently, whereby P secretion was sustained and premature menstruation was averted. Equivalent treatment using "pure" FSH, failed to sustain P levels and timely menstruation occurred, confirming the continuing dependence of the corpus luteum on LH. The antagonist acts by central suppression and in turn, diminishes P biosynthesis. LH is luteotropic, since pulsatile LH (hMG), not "pure" FSH, prevented luteolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sexual socialization during early adolescence: the menarche.

It has been shown that during adolescence most information about sexual matters, generally colored with misconceptions, comes from the peer group, since cultural inhibitions often prevent discussion with parents or other adults. In addition, there is abundant evidence from anthropological data of diffuse negative beliefs across cultures concerning menstruation. In order to explore the early socialization of beliefs and attitudes toward menarche, 258 adolescents, aged 11 to 14 years, male and female pre- and postmenarcheal, from southern Italy, were interviewed by way of an open questionnaire method. The results showed a consistent lack of accurate information by a high percentage of subjects, both male and female; negative beliefs were held only by girls, pre- and postmenarcheal, while boys were more likely to ignore the subject. Half of the postmenarcheal girls expressed a negative evaluation of their first experiences with menstruation, generally due to lack of advance information. As to sources of information, importance of the peer group was confirmed, especially for boys; the influence of the mother and the cultural environment accounted for the positive acceptance of menarche. Fathers appeared to be uninvolved in the transmission of information about menstruation to either boys or girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Endometriosis and mullerian anomalies.

Although numerous etiologies for endometriosis have been proposed, it is clear that retrograde menstruation and cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity each play a significant role in the disease's development. A comprehensive theory of pathogenesis of endometriosis holds that development of the disorder depends upon amount of retrograde menstruation and the ability of the immune response to remove the debris. To test this theory, 64 women with mullerian anomalies and intra-abdominal surgery were evaluated for the presence or absence of endometriosis, patency of tubes, hematocolpos or hematometra, and outflow obstruction. Results demonstrated that endometriosis was present in ten of 13 women with functioning endometrium, patent tubes, and outflow obstruction, whereas it could be identified in only 16 of 43 women with no obstruction (77 versus 37%, P less than .01). Similarly, eight of nine women with hematocolpos or hematometra had endometriosis, while only 18 of 47 with functioning endometrium but no hematometra/hematocolpos had it (89 versus 38%, P less than .01). None of the eight women without endometrium had endometriosis. These data support the concept that an increase in retrograde menstruation will increase the likelihood of endometriosis.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed1994

Successful pregnancies in women following single autotransplant for acute myeloid leukemia with a chemotherapy ablation protocol.

Of 30 women surviving a minimum of 18 months following treatment for AML with a high-dose chemotherapy regimen with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), 24 were premenopausal at the time of transplantation. All were given a detailed questionnaire concerning menstruation, menopausal symptoms and pregnancy; 22 responded. Of these 22, 10 had received a single transplant procedure and 12 a double transplant procedure. In the 10 recipients of a single transplant, 4 women (age range 32-50 years) developed ovarian failure and 6 (age range 21-32 years) resumed spontaneous cyclical menstruation. Five of the 6 menstruating women became pregnant between 4 and 40 months following ABMT. Three pregnancies went to term and each resulted in the delivery of a full-term apparently normal infant. Of the 12 women who received a double ABMT (age range 32-47 years), 11 developed clinical and/or biochemical evidence of ovarian failure. The median age in the latter group was 35 years, however, compared with 28 years in the single ABMT group. These data show that it is possible to give a single very high-dose course of chemotherapy in younger patients without compromising fertility.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Immunolocalization of the cellular adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle.

In the present study the presence and distribution of cellular adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte binding were investigated in human endometrium. Endometrial biopsies (n = 45) were collected from women at all stages of normal menstrual cycles. Consecutive cryostat sections of endometrium were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and haematoxylin and eosin. Primary antibody binding was visualized using a streptavidin-biotin system. Strong staining for PECAM was observed in endothelial cells of all vessel types and in focal areas of stroma including single cells, small clusters and larger aggregates of cells. At menstruation, however, almost the entire stroma stained for PECAM which was temporally related to a massive influx of leukocytes. ICAM-1 staining, which was consistently less intense than PECAM staining, was detected in vascular endothelial cells during the cycle, reaching a peak at menstruation. Unlike PECAM, ICAM-1 staining did not occur consistently across all vessel types. Stromal staining for ICAM-1 was rare except at menstruation, when almost the entire stroma showed positive staining for ICAM-1. No glandular or luminal epithelial staining was detected for either PECAM or ICAM-1. This study demonstrates that PECAM and ICAM-1 are expressed on endothelial cells of veins, arterioles and capillaries, and stromal cells within human endometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Oral contraceptives: knowledge and compliance].

One hundred and twenty (120) women, taking contraceptive pills, underwent a structured interview with a view elucidating their knowledge of the physiology of menstruation, the action and side effects of contraceptive pills and their compliance in the taking of contraceptive pills. The most important sources of information were the medical letters in magazines and the women's own doctors, while the teaching in the Folkeskole (primary and lower secondary school) had not had any major influence on the level of information. Well over one third of the interviewed women knew the most important action mechanism of the contraceptive pill, and half of the women could give a satisfactory explanation of the physiology of menstruation. Twenty-four percent (24%) thought that pregnancy could not occur until 1-2 months after the woman had ceased taking the pill. There was high compliance among the women i.e. that their behavior was correct when they had forgotten to take one or two contraceptive pills, when bleeding was irregular, and when beginning on a new package of pills. Eighty-three percent (83%) had experienced side effects that could be related to contraceptive pills. The investigation shows that there is a need for more efficient information about the effects of the Pill and about the physiology of menstruation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Endometriosis of the ileum].

The following is an account of a case of Endometriosis of the Ileum in an 11 year old girl. The patient's first menstruation was accompanied by pain localized in the lower right abdominal quadrant. Her second menstruation was again accompanied by pain. During an explorative laparotomy, a tumorous mass was found in the wall of the ileum 50--60 cm proximal to Valvula Ileocecalis. The tumor was seven mm in diameter, having a fibrous thickening in the surrounding wall. A resection of this segment of intensine was performed. Histological findings confirmed an endometriosis of the Ileum of a polypoidal infiltrative type. The patient encountered no difficulties postoperatively. Proceeding menstruations were painless, which is indicative of an isolated endometriosis of the ileum.

Child↗