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Web tutorials: bibliographic instruction in a new medium.

Libraries are adding electronic resources of all kinds at an increasing pace to provide service to users outside the library and around the world. To meet this new demand, libraries are turning more and more to the use of online tutorials as a valuable means of providing instruction on how to access and use important resources. This article describes the Health Sciences Library and Biocommunications Center's work and experiences while creating tutorials, the ideas used, and ways the work was evaluated.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

The organization of successful participative management in a health sciences library.

The University of Washington Health Sciences Library, Seattle, and its participative management process are described in detail. The evolution of the management system is reviewed by interrelating the various phases of the library's growth, its service complexities, and its communication needs. Staff development results of this participative management mode are discussed. Reference is made to the use of group dynamics concepts. The current organizational design, which integrates the participative subunit with the simple line management structure, is considered effective by both the library staff and its director.

Communication↗

The effect of U.S. policies on the economics of libraries.

The decline in federal support of educational programs has made it difficult for libraries to apply new technologies to improve practices and services. While federal support has declined in constant dollars, there has been a modest increase in grants from private foundations. Current U.S. policies require federal agencies to recover full costs of rendering services (Circular A-25) and require the transfer of many federal service-oriented activities to the commercial sector (Circular A-76). Additionally, the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 is inhibiting the production and dissemination of federal publications. Government pursuit of these policies adds a heavy economic burden to libraries and threatens to reduce access to the scholarly and scientific record.

Budgets↗

A clinical information consultation service at a teaching hospital.

The library and the department of medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio cooperated in a three-month pilot project to test a clinical information consultation service that provides patient care information to house staff members in the clinical setting. Evaluation indicated that users were highly satisfied with the service. Results of our pilot project seem to show that a clinical information consultation service can be an efficient and cost-effective means to provide information in a patient-care setting.

Hospitals, Teaching↗

Hospitals and consumer health information in New Zealand: the role of the library.

A research project was conducted with the primary objective of finding out what New Zealand hospitals are doing about providing consumer health information to patients, and specifically, the role played by hospital libraries. A database was compiled of all New Zealand hospitals, both public and privately funded. An individual responsible for consumer health information was identified at each hospital and a questionnaire sent directly to them. A 64% response rate was achieved, representing 196 hospitals. Fifty-four hospitals reported having an in-house Library or Information Centre for patients, but the materials and services provided varied widely. Results from this survey show that the provision of consumer health information in the hospital sector in New Zealand is ad hoc, and libraries are not necessarily involved.

Humans↗

Development and assessment of specialized liaison librarian services: clinical vs. basic science in a veterinary medicine setting.

In 1998, the University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries (HSCL) developed and implemented a Liaison Librarian Program, dedicated to providing customized, subject-specific services to the faculty, students, clinicians, researchers, staff, and administrators of the six Health Science Center Colleges (Dentistry, Health Professions, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Medicine). Subject- and role-specific (clinical vs. basic sciences) liaisons were assigned. This paper describes the HSCL liaison program, exemplified by the liaisons' work with the College of Veterinary Medicine. Preliminary program evaluation, a pilot project developed to discern the needs of the veterinary medicine clientele and facilitate awareness of liaison services, and subsequent re-evaluation of patron awareness and satisfaction are also discussed.

Communication↗

Fifty years of patients' libraries.

This article uses a thematic approach to describe 50 years of hospital libraries for patients under the National Health Service. The strengths and weaknesses of the patients' library movement in the United Kingdom are discussed, followed by a number of recommendations for future opportunities in this field.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

MEDLARS AND THE LIBRARY COMMUNITY.

The intention of the National Library of Medicine is to share with other libraries the products and the capabilities developed by the MEDLARS system. MEDLARS will provide bibliographic services of use to other libraries from the central system. The decentralization of the central system to permit libraries with access to computers to establish local machine retrieval systems is also indicated. The implications of such decentralization for the American medical library network and its effect on library evolution are suggested, as are the implications for international development of mechanized storage and retrieval systems.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

[THE INSTITUTO DE NUTRICI'ON DE CENTRO AM'ERICA Y PANAM'A: SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION SERVICES IN AN UNDERDEVELOPED AREA].

Pioneering scientific information in underdeveloped areas poses several problems, such as (1) lack of understanding on the part of key functionaries as to the why, what, and when of information services; (2) lack of trained personnel to assume the responsibility for such services; (3) lack of economic resources; and (4) lack of information pertaining to available bibliographical sources in the particular area or region.The Bibliographic and Documentation Service of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) provides, in addition to the customary services, technical assistance for the organization or reorganization of biomedical libraries and makes INCAP library materials available to member countries, either by loan or photocopy. Although the program was designed for the member countries, INCAP tries to make its services available to other Latin American nations, Africa, and Asia, where similar nutritional problems are being studied.

Academies and Institutes↗

Implementation and evaluation of an virtual intelligent agent.

Reference librarians at the National Library of Medicine answer over 100,000 client questions annually. Although many answers are the NLM Web, clients may have difficulty finding them. Using intelligent virtual agent software, the NLM launched Cosmo, the Customer Service Owl (http://wwwns.nlm.nih.gov/). Cosmo uses natural language pattern matching to answer common questions. Early evaluation shows Cosmo can answer 25% of questions asked, but some users mistake the service for chat reference or a search engine.

Artificial Intelligence↗

Distributing working versions of published mathematical models for biological systems via the Internet.

Mathematical models are useful tools for investigating complex systems. By representing physiological systems as models, theories can be tested quantitatively against data from the system. Models can be used to explore new theories prior to experimentation and to design studies to optimize experimental resources. They can also be used as teaching tools to illustrate physiochemical principles. In spite of their usefulness and the time invested in developing models, published models are often underused due to the difficulty in obtaining working versions of the model. To address this problem we have designed a library for mathematical models of biological systems on the Internet. The library contains published models of biological systems in formats compatible with several modeling packages, from the fields of physiology, metabolism, endocrinology, biochemistry, and chemistry. The models can be viewed graphically, model solutions can be viewed as plots against data, and models can be downloaded to be run with software on the user's own system. The address of the library is: http://biomodel.georgetown.edu/model/ Investigators are invited to submit working versions of published models to the library. Models can be submitted electronically at the time a manuscript is accepted for publication. As journals go online, articles containing models can be linked to working versions of the models in the library. By increasing access to working versions of models, more of the investment in kinetic studies and model development can be realized.

Computer Simulation↗

New library buildings: Creighton University Bio-Information Center.

In May 1977 the newly constructed Creighton University Bio-Information Center, costing over $4 million and containing more than 57,000 square feet of space, officially began to provide services. This facility houses three educational support programs--the Health Sciences Library, the Learning Resources Center, and the Biomedical Communications Center--that primarily serve the University's health sciences schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health, and the University's major teaching hospital, Saint Joseph Hospital. This article begins with a brief history of the development of the library and is chiefly concerned with the Health Sciences Library and the Learning Resources Center. Criteria formulated during the design phase of the Bio-Information Center are identified. A description of the center and its services, with an emphasis on the application of these criteria, is set forth. Finally, an assessment of the current increased utilization of library services and resources contained in the Bio-Information Center is presented.

Facility Design and Construction↗