[Cytomorphological characteristics of malignant non-epithelial tumors of the uterus (lecture)].
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The roles and responsibilities of electroneurodiagnostic (END) technologists have changed significantly. The variety and complexity of procedures defined within the Scope of Practice for END Technology require that technologists be true professionals. External factors like state licensure, reimbursement issues, and the absorption of END procedures into the scope of practice of other allied health professions are a driving force toward mandated education and credentialing of END technologists. As a profession we must insist on formal education and proven competency through credentialing as entry-level requirements. Where does this leave non-degreed, non-credentialed technologists currently working in the field? How can these technologists continue to work and still fulfill these requirements? Or should they be required to do so? There are educational opportunities, resources, and a way to "fast track to boards" that will assist such technologists in educational endeavors and board preparation, equipping them to become true END professionals. The more qualified the END profession becomes through the continued educational pursuit of its members and the declaration of personal competency through the credentialing process, the greater impact it will have on the quality of patient care, employer attitudes, financial benefits, and legislative decisions that can directly affect it.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To review trends in the management of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and to propose treatment guidelines based on review of recent literature and the authors' personal experience with more than 250 METHOD: The English-language literature on the management of CCH was reviewed, with emphasis on changing concepts in recent years. RESULTS: Xenon arc and argon laser photocoagulation and thermotherapy have been used to treat CCH with localized retinal detachment, but there has recently been enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) using fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography to monitor subretinal fluid and cystoid retinal edema before and after treatment. Tumors with extensive retinal detachment have been managed by surgical attempts at retinal reattachment followed by photocoagulation or cryotherapy, and more recently by radiotherapy. Management currently includes observation, argon laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, PDT, and radiotherapy. Enucleation may be necessary in rare cases. The goal of treatment should be to induce resolution of existing retinal detachment and to improve or stabilize visual loss. CONCLUSIONS: There is increasing use of PDT for CCH with localized retinal detachment and radiotherapy for CCH with more extensive detachment. Although follow-up is short, current methods may achieve better tumor control and better visual outcome. However, caution is advised because long-term follow-up is still not available.
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