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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The combination of evoked responses with sensory-motor tests in practical neuro-otological diagnostics.

Vertigo, giddiness, tinnitus and hearing loss frequently occur in lower brainstem disorders as well as in inner ear diseases. To differentiate the inner ear disorders from central disease we use the impulse-traced craniocorpogram (ITCCG) for the vestibulo-spinal investigation and the acoustically evoked brainstem potentials as an objective indicator of central hearing dysfunction. Craniocorpography is a simple, objective and quantitative whole-body as well as intracorporal recording technique for head and body movements. It can be used as an office procedure, giving objective and quantitative results. It traces the head and shoulder movements with the help of light bulbs. It gives significant results and differentiates between peripheral and central vestibular lesions. The acoustically evoked brainstem potentials are read by a dual channel machine. The same applies to the acoustically evoked cortical potentials. The results are plotted in either case on the electrode-stimulus cross-chart. Thus they can be interpreted at a glance, similarly to the cranio-corpogram.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatosensory compensation for loss of labyrinthine function.

Somatosensory compensation for vestibular deficiency was demonstrated by stepping in circles in the dark. Stepping around in small circles provides a complex pattern of afferent somatosensory signals, which in combination represent the actual movement. Labyrinthless patients, i.e. patients devoid of labyrinthine function, reported during real as well as during apparent stepping around (on a rotating platform without stimulation of the canals) a strong sensation of rotation, as did the healthy subjects; they had a stronger somatosensory nystagmus than the healthy controls. In controls, the somatosensory and vestibular aftersensations cancelled, while the vestibular slightly outweighed their somatosensory afternystagmus . Labyrinthless subjects had no vestibulo- culomotor integrator function.

Electrooculography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vestibular dysfunction causing instability in aged patients.

Unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) is a common vestibular dysfunction. Its influence upon the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) is studied by posturography. The postural sway is disturbed when the VSR is disregulated because of the UVH. The degree of disturbance depends on the effectivity of the central compensation. Our results indicate that these adaptive mechanisms become less effective with advancing age. The importance of ocular fixation as a compensatory mechanism is also obvious. The comparison between posturographic recordings made with eyes open and those made with eyes closed, shows that, in elderly people, more abnormal posturographic recordings are found with eyes closed. Accordingly, with regard to the problem of falling in the elderly, the function of the vestibular system must be assessed and especially its influence upon the standing posture. The combination of classical vestibular and posturographic results affords this indispensable information.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Development of pressure monitoring and controlling system for quantitative analysis of experimentally induced perilymph fistula.

The cause of perilymph fistula, a subgroup of sudden deafness, has not been clearly understood. To study its etiology quantitatively, the inner ear pressure monitoring system with a computer controlled pressurizing device and three types of low-pressure monitoring sensors was constructed and utilized in ex vivo experiments using white guinea pigs. Hypothesizing that cerebrospinal pressure increases cause rupture of the round window membrane, direct and indirect pressurization to cerebrospinal region and simultaneous measurement of inner ear and cerebrospinal pressures were carried out. Ruptures of the round window membranes were seen in the experiments with direct saline infusion into the cochlea when the increment of inner ear pressure exceeded 500 mmH2O. There was no sign of rupture when squeezing abdomen was employed as an indirect pressurization, although cerebrospinal pressure increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Long-term neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury.

Long-term recovery from severe closed head injury was investigated in predominantly young adults whose Glasgow Coma score was 8 or less at the time of admission. Of the 27 patients studied (median follow-up interval of 1 year), 10 attained a good recovery, 12 were moderately disabled, and five were severely disabled. In contrast to previous studies suggesting that intellectual ability after severe closed head injury eventually recovers to a normal level, our findings showed that residual intellectual level, memory storage and retrieval, linguistic deficit, and personal social adjustment corresponded to overall outcome. All severely disabled patients and several moderately disabled patients exhibited unequivocal cognitive and emotional sequelae after long follow-up intervals. Analysis of persistent neuropsychological deficit in relation to neurological indices of acute injury severity demonstrated the prognostic significance of oculovestibular deficit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Minocycline.

Minocycline has proved to have a wider spectrum of activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and has enhanced tissue penetration when compared with its tetracycline congeners. The latter, and possibly the former, can be related to its increased lipophilicity in the physiologic pH range. It appears to be a superior chemoprophylactic agent against sulfonamide-resistant meningococci that do not become minocycline resistant as a result of treatment. The clinical promise of this agent has been dimmed, however, by recent reports of vestibular toxicity manifest in ambulatory patients. Though data on the frequency and severity of these symptoms are in some conflict, minocycline cannot currently be recommended for general clinical use.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Air caloric testing in otitis media. (preliminary studies).

On certain occasions it becomes important to evaluate vestibular function in a patient with otitis media. The potential application of the air caloric test in evaluating such patients was examined. Patients with unilateral otitis media before and after surgery were studied to answer certain clinical questions. More questions were raised than answers provided. The preliminary conclusions from this study are: 1. Patients with tympanostomy tubes or small perforation of one ear may show a caloric response in the perforated ear equal to that of the intact ear. 2. Patients with a large tympanic membrane perforation on one side may show hyperactive caloric responses on the perforated side. 3. Patients with a moist ear may show inverted horizontal nystagmus to warm air caloric testing. This applies to patients with a large perforation or mastoidectomy cavity. 4. Patients with a dry open mastoid or fenestration cavity are likely to show a hyperactive caloric response on the side of previous surgery, accompanied by vegetative symptoms. This size of the cavity appears to be less important than the presence of the cavity per se. 5. Patients may be safely tested in the early postoperative period.

Air↗
PubMed2001

[Acute bilateral sensorineural hearing loss caused by immuno-mediated inner ear disease].

The audiovestibular system can be affected by an immunologic etiology. The immune-mediated inner ear disease (IMIED) is a syndrome that includes rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus, which occurs as a primary disorder or complicates certain autoimmune systemic conditions. However, if treated promptly with immunosuppression, the audiological sequel of IMIED may be avoided. We present a 28 year old female patient, who after rhinitis and mioarthralgias developed a vestibular syndrome. A week later she experienced bilateral hearing loss that progressed to deafness in 72 hours. The examination revealed horizontal and torsional nystagmus, a disrupted vestibulo-ocular reflex and vertigo with the positional changes. Laboratory data were normal except for eritrosedimentation rate (75 mm/1 hour). The autoantibodies usually present in rheumatologic autoimmune systemic diseases were negative. The antibodies to the 68-kD antigen found in the inner ear were positive. The chest x-ray and sinus x-ray were normal. The head magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium and ear computed tomography were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid studies showed normal findings. With the possible diagnosis of IMIED we started early treatment with corticosteroids, with improvement in auditory and vestibular function thereafter. We highlight the early recognition of IMIED as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute bilateral hearing loss, because prompt treatment with immunosuppression might have a positive effect on auditory function recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Establishment of the animal model of triple semicircular canal occlusion].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the animal model of triple semicircular canal occlusion(TCO) in guinea pigs. METHODS: TCO was performed on 20 guinea pigs. Electronystagmography, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) were recorded pre- and post-operatively. The non-operated ear was used as control. RESULTS: There was spontaneous nystagmus towards non-operated side on the 1st postoperative day and no nystagmus to stimuli of sinusoidal angular acceleration in operated side. On the 30th postoperative day, left and right nystagmus returned symmetrical. Pre-operation, ice-water stimulation induced normal symmetric nystagmus in both sides. On the 30th postoperative day, ice-water stimulation only induced normal nystagmus in non-operated ear and failed in operated one. ABR thresholds increased approximately 10 dB post-operation. There were no significant changes of the amplitudes of DPOAE before and after surgery. Histologic examination revealed complete occlusion in the three semicircular canals with newly formed bone and connective tissue. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the animal model of TCO was successfully established. These findings suggests that TCO might be a safe and simple procedure for the treatment of intractable peripheral vertigo.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sudden hearing loss: an update.

Etiologic theories of idiopathic SHL include viral infection, autoimmune disease, vascular insult, and labyrinthine membrane rupture. A review of recent literature on sudden hearing loss indicates that scientific support for viral and autoimmune etiologic mechanisms is increasing. Recently studied treatment protocols include carbogen inhalation and steroid therapy. In patients with moderate hearing losses, oral steroids may be beneficial.

Autoimmune Diseases↗