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PubMed1981

[Experimental studies of the effects of contrast medium on left ventricular function (author's transl)].

The influence of contrast medium (0.63 ml/kg body weight Natrium-Methylglucamin-Jothalamat, Conray 70) on pressures and volumes of the left ventricle were studied in six anesthetized mongrel dogs (mean body weight 36 +/- 6 kg). Under closed-chest conditions radiopaque markers were implanted into the endocardium of the left ventricle by means of a special catheter via the right carotid artery. The positions of the markers were calibrated in terms of volume by injections of contrast medium during diastole (flow rate 14 ml/s). Thus it was possible to determine left ventricular volumes without additional administration of contrast medium. Before and during injection, volumes determined from the position of the markers and pressure (catheter-tip manometer) were evaluated in each cycle. After injection, the parameters were determined every minute over a period of ten minutes. Immediately after injection of contrast medium there was a short period in which the following parameters changed: decrease of ventricular systolic pressure, of mean aortic pressure, of maximal dp/dt, of minimal dp/dt, and, after a short increase, of enddiastolic pressure. About one minute after the end of injection, the parameters were about the initial values. These transitory changes were explained by the initial negative and vasodilating effect of the contrast medium. The chamber volumes and stroke volume did not change during and after injection. Because of the constant heart rate cardiac output did not change. The ejection fraction was diminished even before injection, no further changes were found. These experimental results show that, even in ventricles with reduced function, contrast medium injected with a slow flow rate during diastole only leads to small and transient changes of left ventricular hemodynamics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sacroradiculo graphic and myelographic investigations with iopamidol: study of 610 examinations (author's transl)].

610 sacrorodiculographic and myelographic examinations were carried out injecting at lumbar level Iopamidol at 200, 300 and 370 mg I/ml concentrations. Immediate and early complications have been noticed in 18,52% of cases, i.e. sensation of pain during contrast injection, headache, nausea, vomit, neck stiffness, photophobia, epilepsy. In sacrorodiculographic examinations, side effects especially occurred by using 370 mg I/ml concentrations; in lumbar and thoracic myelographies, incidence of complications did not statistically differ by uing 300 or 370 mg I/ml concentrations. Side effects have occurred most frequently in cervical myelographies carried out with 370 mg I/ml concentration. Analysis of complications as well as radiographic results suggest to use Iopamidol at 300 mg I/ml concentration in sacrorodiculographics, in lower thoracic myelographies and in studies of narrowed, stenosed or obstructed canals; Iopamidol at 370 mg I/ml concentration may be used in upper thoracic studies and cervical myelographies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Contrast media-induced side effects on excitation and conduction of electrical activity in the heart on intracardiac application. Investigations in anaesthetized dogs.

In several series of experiments with intracardiac application in anaesthetized dogs, the following contrast media were tested for their adverse effects on excitation and conduction of electrical activity in the heart. Diatrizoate, lysine-diatrizoate, lysine-sodium-diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iopamidol, iodamide, ioxitalamate, ioglicinate and metrizamide. Blood pressure and, using the His' bundle-ECG technique, the parameters P0-P1 (heart rate), A1-H1 period (conduction time in the AV-node), and H1-V1 period (conduction time in the TAWARA branches) were measured. A statistical correlation exists between osmolarity and blood pressure (higher osmolarity causes a greater decrease in blood pressure), as well as between osmolality and decrease in heart rate (higher osmolarity causes a greater decrease in heart rate). The delay in conduction time in the AV-node correlates only with viscosity and sodium content (increased viscosity with increased sodium content delays the time of conduction). A tendency towards delay in conduction in the TAWARA branches could not be correlated to any one of the physico-chemical parameters studied.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1981

Attenuation and contrast enhancement of gynecologic organs and tumors in CT.

CT scans were obtained of 11 normal women and 34 women with gynecologic tumors. Twenty-three of 26 women with known malignant tumors had abnormal CT scans while all control patients had normal. The tumor extent demonstrated by CT correlated with either pathologic or surgical staging in 78%. Contrast enhancement increased the diagnostic yield and accuracy of staging. Attenuation values of the normal uterus and uterine tumors are quite similar prior to contrast medium. After administration of contrast agent the normal myometrium attenuation values increase more than other pelvic tissues. Uterine tumors show substantially less enhancement and show a greater variation of density throughout the tumor than normal myometrium. Density readings are not predictive of histologic type or tumor grade. Tumor was best detected and its extent best seen after high doses of intravenous contrast medium infusion, which should be considered a routine part of the diagnostic evaluation of these patients.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of contrast media: experimental results in dog and man with CT implications.

The pharmacokinetics of contrast media such as sodium iocarmate, sodium ioxithalamate, metrizamide, sodium/meglumine diatrizoate, and sodium ioxaglate (a recently introduced medium: a hexaiodinated monoacid dimer) was compared in 25 dogs. A biphasic phenomenon was observed due to the rapid diffusion of contrast media from plasma into tissue (interstitium) followed by slow urinary excretion. A bicompartmental analysis was performed in dogs for each agent, showing that the tissue distribution of ioxithalamate is higher than that of other media. Sodium/meglumine ioxithalamate, sodium iocarmate, and sodium/meglumine ioxaglate were also compared in 20 human subjects. The diffusion and excretion phases observed in man appear to be slower than in the dog. Significant variations of iodine plasma concentration from one patient to another were recorded for the same medium and at the same interval after injection. Significant differences were observed between ioxithalamate and iocarmate or ioxaglate plasma concentrations due to the greater tissue diffusibility of ioxithalamate. The mechanisms affecting contrast media diffusibility are discussed: osmolarity, liposolubility, protein binding, and molecular size. Variations in contrast medium concentration in plasma noted in different patients with the same medium are explained by variations in tissue distribution, contrast medium volume, patient age, and patient hydration. Some computed tomographic (CT) implications of these pharmacokinetic studies are discussed. The need for highly diffusible media in routine CT and for less diffusible media in CT angiography is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Canine excretory urogram: correlation with base-line measurements.

Ten healthy, adult mongrel dogs were each given various dose levels of sodium iothalamate IV, and postinjection radiographs were made. Base-line plasma and urine osmolality, glomerular filtration rate, packed cell volume, plasma protein concentration, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity were measured. The base-line values and the dose of contrast medium were compared statistically with linear and density measurements made from the post-injection radiographs. Base-line plasma osmolality was directly related to the pyelographic and nephrographic density. The dose of contrast medium directly influenced the kidney length, the kidney, pelvic, diverticular, and ureteral widths, and the renal and diverticular densities despite variations in base-line values within accepted limits.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of radiographic contrast media on results of urinalysis, with emphasis on alteration in specific gravity.

The effect of radiographic contrast medium on the urine specific gravity of ten clinically normal dogs was evaluated. Urinary excretion of different dosages of intravenously administered triiodinated contrast medium caused significant alterations of urine specific gravity. The magnitude of change was related primarily to preinjection urine specific gravity values rather than dosage of contrast medium. In general, preinjection urine specific gravities < 1.040 were increased 15 minutes after injection of contrast material, whereas preinjection urine specific gravities > 1.040 were decreased 15 minutes after injection of contrast medium. A linear relationship was identified between the concentration of radiographic contrast medium in either distilled water or urine and the specific gravity of these mixtures. This simulated the effects of radiologic contrast medium on urine specific gravity when used for retrograde urethrocystography. Results of the investigation indicated that urinary excretion of radiographic contrast media significantly alters urine specific gravity values in normal dogs and renders postinjection urine samples unsuitable for diagnostic evaluation of renal tubular concentrating capacity. In addition, previously reported errors in urine protein, glucose, and sediment evaluations attributed to radiographic contrast media were reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Radiopaque contrast media. XLVI - Preliminary studies of the metabolism of iopamidol in the dog, the rabbit and man.

Alter its intravenous injection in dogs and rabbits, Iopamidol was excreted almost exclusively by the kidneys. In both urine and bile, the only iodinated compound found by either TLC or HPLC was Iopamidol. Similar results were obtained after the injection of Iopamidol into the spinal subarachnoid space of rabbits. Preliminary studies in man showed that the compound was excreted unmetabolized. No racemization occurred during absorption, distribution or excretion of the contrast medium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of dimerix myelography in postoperative patients].

Myelography with dimerix was performed and postoperative changes were studied in 88 cases after operations on the intervertebral disks in the lumbar region. The informative value of myelography in recurrence of Schmorl's body is discussed. The use of myelography with a water-soluble contrast medium is indicated in aggravation after the operation. It is not always possible to make a differential diagnosis between a recurrent prolapse of the disk and a postoperative scar formed at the site of the operation.

Adult↗