Lactulose/mannitol test: evaluation of intestinal permeability in intestinal transplantation and autotransplantation following surgery.
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The effects of acute ethanol (1-10%) on membrane transport and respiration in isolated jejunal cells of guinea pig were investigated. Three substrates with different transport mechanisms were employed: uridine (active, Na+-dependent transport), choline (saturable, Na+-independent transport), and chenodeoxycholate (simple diffusion). Uridine and choline transport were half-maximally inhibited by 3% ethanol; this inhibition was paralleled by a similar decrease in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. Chenodeoxycholate uptake in contrast was virtually unaffected by up to 10% ethanol. It is concluded that acute ethanol inhibits active carrier-mediated absorption, but has no effect on transcellular diffusion of lipophilic compounds.
Using antibodies against pure porcine VIP in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence tests, VIP-immunoreactive cells have been detected in the pancreas-especially in the islets-and gastrointestinal mucosa of the dog, guinea-pig and man. VIP immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in these tissues, never being numerous at any site. Some parallelism has been noted between such cells and ultrastructurally identified D1 cells fo the pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa. The presence of VIP cells in normal pancreas may help explain the occurrence of pancreatic endocrine tumors producing VIP.
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