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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Influence of ageing on the in vivo mechanics of the skin.

The response of the skin to common in vivo tests (in-plane uniaxial stretch, torsion, indentation and levarometry) is analyzed in terms of their suitability for ageing studies. The analysis suggests that low-load indentation and small deformation levarometry are well suited for ageing studies since the skin response under these tests can be directly related to its structure and constituent properties (known to be affected by ageing). The measured forehead skin response under these tests in 'young' (20-26 years) and 'old' (64-80 years) subjects is presented and compared with predictions of corresponding models. The results show that levarometry is more sensitive to ageing than indentometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new method for assessing the gloss of human skin.

A new method for an objective assessment of the gloss of human skin is presented. The reflectometric measuring set-up complies with DIN 67530. The principle of this new method is based on a contactless determination of the skin's reflection of light from a tungsten filament lamp, recorded at an angle of 60 degrees by a silicon photocell. In a comparative study with 30 test persons it was discovered that the forehead, with 2.70 standardised reflectometer units (RU; SD +/- 0.59 RU), displayed a significantly higher gloss than the lower arm (1.99 RU, SD 0.28 RU, p < 0.0001). In an investigation into the influence of four different cream bases on the skin gloss it could be determined that the value depends on the percentage of grease, the water concentration and the consistency of the respective base. The method presented permits a fast, contactless, randomly repeatable objective assessment of skin gloss. Since the acceptance of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products depends not least on their skin gloss effect, this method can provide valuable information when estimating the success of old and new products.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Peculiar distribution of comedones: a report of three cases.

Three cases in which comedones developed in three different peculiar patterns are presented. Comedones developed along the stria nasi, the creases of the forehead and the ear lobule in a girl aged 14 and 2 men aged 73 and 72 years, respectively. A parallelism with keratosis punctata of the palmar creases is proposed. Some anatomical locations seem to facilitate the development of comedones in preexisting pilosebaceous units showing an apparently artificial pattern.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1995

A simple quantitative culture of Malassezia spp. in HIV-positive persons.

BACKGROUND: Etiological role of Malassezia spp. remains controversial in certain skin diseases. OBJECTIVE: To adapt a 'tape method' for quantitative culture of Malassezia spp. METHOD: Samples for culture were taken from clinically normal forehead skin of HIV-positive and negative persons by stripping with a tape that was then placed on Leeming & Notman medium. The number of colonies was counted after 14 days. RESULTS: 74/78 (94.8%) cultures were positive, for a median count of 9 CFU/tape (range 0 to > 200). High skin density of Malassezia spp., defined as more than 100 CFU/tape, was found in 7/38 (18.4%) HIV-positive persons and was absent (0/40) in the HIV-negative group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The method used is simple, unexpensive and reliable. High Malassezia spp. density was only found in HIV-positive patients.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1992

Localized unilateral hyperhidrosis.

We describe a case of localized unilateral hyperhidrosis on the forehead in a 52-year-old woman. The pathophysiology of this unique clinical picture and its treatment are described.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Follicule to follicule heterogeneity of sebum excretion.

We have evaluated the normal variations in the sebum excretion rate from follicle to follicle on the forehead by using the noninvasive techniques of the Lipometre and Sebutape. For a given overall amount of sebum excreted to the surface of the skin during a limited period of time, both the number of active sebaceous follicles and the amount of lipids excreted by them may vary. Significant intraindividual and interindividual differences may be found for these parameters. Such a noninvasive approach to the biology of sebaceous glands represents a new tool allowing a precise evaluation of diseases of the sebum excretion and of their treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A case of localized Darier's disease.

A case of localized Darier's disease was reported. The patient was a 36-year-old Japanese woman, and hyperkeratotic papules in zosteriforme arrangement were persistently noted on the left forehead since the age of 20 years. Histological appearance was same as in classical Darier's disease. Skin atrophy due to long-term application of corticosteroid ointment was observed. Aromatic retinoid ointment was effective in the treatment of the lesions. The literature on localized Darier's disease is reviewed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2003

Endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism and blood pressure reactivity.

The Lys198Asn polymorphism of the endothelin-1 gene has been associated with increased blood pressure levels in several studies involving European and Australian adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential moderating influence of ethnicity, obesity, and socioeconomic status on associations between the ET-1/Lys198Asn polymorphism and hemodynamic function at rest and during two laboratory stressors (video game, forehead cold) in a sample of 161 black and 213 white American normotensive young adults (mean age, 18.5+/-2.7 years). Carrier status of the T allele was not associated with resting blood pressure or total peripheral resistance index. However, carriers of the T allele showed greater diastolic blood pressure increases to the video game (P<0.04), particularly among those who were obese (P<0.02). Carrier status also interacted with socioeconomic status such that T allele carriers who came from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds exhibited the greatest increases in systolic blood pressure to the video game challenge (P<0.05). In conclusion, the findings point out the importance of examining the impact of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure control phenotypes within the context of potentiating environmental factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Physiological determinants of hyperreactivity to stress in borderline hypertension.

Blood pressure hyperreactivity during stress is characteristic of borderline hypertension in white men. The present study evaluated the hemodynamic basis of this hyperreactivity and assessed its physiological basis in terms of sympathetic nervous system function. Cardiovascular adjustments to an aversive reaction time test were compared with those of the forehead cold pressor test, representing stressors that elicit active behavioral responses in contrast to passive tolerance of aversive stimulation. As anticipated, blood pressure increases were greater in 12 borderline hypertensive men compared with 21 age-matched normotensive men during the active reaction time stressor but not during the passive cold pressor test. The pressor hyperreactivity in borderline hypertensives was associated with excessive rises in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to greater increases in cardiac output, despite evidence that the cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors in these subjects were downregulated compared with those of normotensive subjects. During the cold pressor test, borderline hypertension was associated with greater increases in systemic vascular resistance, which, in the presence of normal baroreceptor reflex function, led to an attenuation of cardiac output, thus producing no greater net effect on blood pressure than seen in normotensive subjects. Evidence of vascular hypertrophy in the borderline hypertensive subjects was considered to account for their vascular hyperreactivity to cold pressor stimulation. Collectively, the observations in this study further support the view that the early stages of hypertension in white men are characterized by sympathetic nervous system hyperreactivity, but only in association with tasks that elicit active behavioral coping responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

A probability nomogram to predict rectal temperature in children.

The relationship between rectal and peripheral-site temperature was investigated to achieve two objectives: 1) to evaluate a prevailing practice of intersite adjustment by use of an invariant temperature difference; and 2) to develop a statistical method for intersite temperature predictions in the individual child, especially for fever as defined by rectal measurement. Rectal, oral, axillary, left abdomen skin, and forehead skin temperatures (degrees F) were measured with an electronic thermometer in 257 children. Objective 1 was not achieved because a simple temperature difference between a peripheral site and the rectal site could not be used to predict rectal temperature reliably. For objective 2, intersite differences met three statistical criteria so that normal distribution theory could be used to derive the probabilities for occurrence of each difference. Accordingly, cumulative probability nomograms were constructed to estimate rectal-site fever from measurements at peripheral sites. This nomogram method produces a clinically reliable prediction of rectal-site fever from temperature measurement at peripheral sites, especially the oral and axillary sites. These predictions offer useful assessments of febrile illness severity when rectal temperature is not available.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Occipital contrecoup in a case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

This case report describes the unusual complications of a simple fall in a person with a profound neurological disorder, Hallervorden-Spatz disease. The fall produced a laceration of the forehead, skull fractures and severe occipital contrecoup contusions. Such contrecoup contusions are rare and may be a feature of this case because of the abnormal limb rigidity displayed in Hallervorden-Spatz disease. The mechanisms of injury are discussed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhytidectomy (face-lift) in the otolaryngologic practice.

A surgical procedure is described that minimizes the lifting of the hairline in rhytidectomy by locating most of the incision inside the hair. Traction of the skin is directed at producing a soft, rounded contour. The author reports good results on 30 patients in two years' time. Appropriateness of rhytidectomy depends on psychologic factors and on biologic rather than chronologic age. Operation under general anesthesia is preferred and should be confined to a simple procedure. However, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and mentoplasty are often performed at the same time. Forehead lifting is a desirable associated procedure in which the incisions can be joined. Cutting of the muscle fibers is preferred to resection of the frontal corrugator. Minilifting to obtain Oriental slant eyes is considered a wasted effort.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of body temperature measurement.

The accuracy of routine body temperature measurements, the suitability of various sites for such measurements, and the performance and practicality of various temperature measuring devices were studied. Oral and axillary temperature measurements made by the nursing staff were within 1 degree C of a reference value (within 0.5 degree C in 67%). Both sites were suitable for routine ward temperature measurement. Mercury-in-glass thermometers are recommended for routine ward use. Electronic and disposable chemical thermometers cost more but the latter are suitable in uncooperative patients and children. Forehead skin temperature measurements using liquid crystal plastic discs were unreliable. Pulmonary artery and rectal temperature measurements were satisfactory in operating theatre and intensive care unit; however, electronic thermometers should be subjected to routine checks. The bladder temperature measuring device proved unsuitable for clinical use. When oesophagus, nasopharynx and tympanum sites are used careful placement is necessary to minimise trauma and obtain reliable measurements.

Axilla↗
PubMed1995

Properties of shoe insert materials related to shock wave transmission during gait.

The influence of the mechanical characteristics of certain insole materials in the generation and transmission of heel strike impacts while walking was studied. Three insole materials were selected according to their mechanical characteristics under heel strike impacts. The selection of materials has made it possible to distinguish the effect of rigidity and loss tangent in the transmission of heel strike impacts. A lower rigidity and a high loss tangent have been shown to reduce the transmission of impacts to the tibia. A low rigidity was seen to significantly increase the transmission of impacts from tibia to forehead.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Localized scleroderma in a 12-year-old girl presenting as gingival recession. A case report and literature review.

Scleroderma is a connective tissue disorder that displays considerable clinical heterogeneity. This case describes a 12-year-old girl who presented with a localized form of the disease. The consequences were a severe and progressive localized gingival recession affecting two maxillary incisors, a localized lip defect and scarring of the forehead. The case illustrates the difficulties in diagnosis and management of young patients with localized scleroderma.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Anthropometric growth study of the head.

Five measurements of the head were taken between 1 year and 18 years of age in 1,537 North American Caucasians. By 1 year of age, the circumference (87.5%) and length (87.1%) of the head showed the highest levels of developmental level compared with their adult size. By 5 years, the developmental level of all measurements in head width, head length, and circumference increased, closely approaching maturation. Head length reached full maturation at 10 years in females (182.7 mm), and at 14 years in males (189.2 mm). In females, head width showed the most advanced maturation at 14 years (142.7 mm). In males, most of the head measurements matured at 15 years of age. Adult head height was approached at 13 years in both sexes (113.3 mm in males and 109.8 mm in females). Early rapid growth in head height and head length took place between 1 and 4 years of age, and between 1 and 6 years in forehead width. The head width and head circumference showed continuous but mild growth rates throughout this period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Craniofacial deformities associated with juvenile hyperthyroidism.

Three juvenile cases of thyrotoxic craniosynostosis are reported. Two patients had small heads with posterior slanted foreheads. Skull expansion was performed in one patient. Various degrees of ocular proptosis and shallow orbits without enlargement of the extraocular muscles were seen in all cases. Zygomatic repositioning for zygomatic hypoplasia and exophthalmos was performed in two patients. The facial skeleton was involved in thyrotoxic craniosynostosis in these children, and their clinical features seemed to resemble craniofacial dysostosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Seckel syndrome: report of a case.

An interesting case of a seven years old boy with a combination of clinical, genetic, radiological, pathologic and dental findings is presented in view of Seckel syndrome literature. General appearance of the patient was characterized by small forehead, posteriorly slanted ears, slightly beaked nose, midfacial hypoplasia very stunted stature with microcephaly. He had borderline mental retardation with normal motor development. Class II dentoskeletal pattern with mild overjet and open bite, congenitally missing permanent teeth, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, taurodontism and dentinal dysplasia was observed according to the clinical and radiographic examination. In conclusion, Seckel syndrome is not encountered routinely in dental clinics, this case illustrates the importance of dental care in such a rare condition.

Anodontia↗