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PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of dextranases by mycelial fungi and actinomycetes].

The dextranase activity of cultures of mycelial fungi of different genera and actinomycetes from the Chromogenes species of the Actinomyces genus was studied. About one third of the mycelial fungi and 8% of actinomycetes showed dextranase activity. The resulting extracellular dextranases demonstrated on endotypic pattern of action on the substrate. Actinomycete dextranases were several times more active than fungal dextranases and exhibited a significant activity in the neutral and weakly alkaline medium. Highly productive strains that are promising as dextranase producers were isolated.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1989

Utilization of L-cystine as a source of carbon and nitrogen by various fungi.

Thirty fungal species from various taxonomic and ecologic groups were cultivated on two glucose-peptone media enriched with cystine (3 mmol/l). Nineteen species showed certain ability to utilize cystine not only as a source of sulfur but that of carbon and nitrogen as well; six species utilized cystine completely. Excess sulfur was excreted after oxidation in the form of inorganic sulfate and/or sulfite back into the medium. Cystine metabolization was on average more rapid and complete on the medium with higher peptone content and better growth. When compared with keratinolytic fungi studied previously, the present set of fungi showed a lower tendency to cystine utilization and comprised species not utilizing this amino acid at all.

Carbon↗
PubMed1989

[Search for actinomycetes--antagonists of fungi causing sugar beet root rot].

Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces were isolated from the rhizosphere of sugar beet grown on an infected area after cultivation for many years. 44.1 per cent of them proved to be antagonists of phytopathogenic test fungi. The majority of the antagonists were detected among the Cinereus. The lowest number of the antagonists was detected among the Azureus, the maximum number of the antagonists was observed in the middle and at the end of the sugar beet vegetation period. During various periods of the plant development, the number of the antagonists belonging to different sections changed. The majority of the actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces were active against Fusarium solani and Botrytis cinerea. The antagonists of the fungi were mainly detected among the representatives of the Cinereus and Helvolo-Flavus.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1989

[Presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the cooling-lubricating emulsion used in the aluminum sheet rolling process].

Microbiological tests of aluminium rolling water-oil emulsion reveal high level of contamination: relatively anaerobic bacteria 10(6)-10(8) cells/ml, fungi and yeasts 10(3)-10(4) cells/ml, and also anaerobic bacteria Desulfovibrie sp. reducing sulfates to hydrogen sulfide. In emulsion samples there were present bacterial strains potentially dangerous to health, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae. The fungi and yeasts found in the emulsion were identified as: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Candida sp. The emulsion sprayed in aerosol in air of the mill was the infecting source for the workers. The emulsion was protected by a biocid and thus the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms was inhibited.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Infections caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis.

Because of the increased incidence of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, it is important to clearly define the conceptual basis for the clinical nomenclature for infections caused by these fungi. When considering dematiaceous fungal infections, there is a continuum of diseases that can be separated into the three categories of chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and mycetoma. The diseases chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are compared and contrasted in this chapter.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anemophilus fungi in the western Brazilian Amazon basin.

The prevalence of anemophilus fungi was studied in three small towns located at the Brazilian border with Colombia and Venezuela (a hot and humid zone) during the month of July. On a single collection carried out in different spots, colonies were cultivated which could be attributed to eighteen different species of anemophilus fungi with predominance of Mucor (64%), Candida (55%), Rhodotorula (38%) and Penicillum (38%). The alternaria species, a very potent airbone allergen, was found only in one of the three collection spots with high prevalence of respiratory tract allergies.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1986

[Various characteristics of gene localization in eukaryotic chromosomes. Formulation of a problem and analysis of non-random localization of mating type loci in fungi].

We have denoted two possible models of gene order evolution as the "card" and "chess" models. The first suggests random shuffling of genes during evolution, the second--non-random gene transposition, gene order being checked by natural selection. We discuss here localization of the mating type locus in fungal genomes. In 8 of 10 genetically well studied species of ascomycetous fungi, the mating type locus is linked to a centromere; in one species, it segregates regularly during the second meiotic division, and only one species does not show any regularity in the mating type locus segregation. Centromeric linkage of the mating type locus maintains heterozygosity of all centromeric genome regions during intratetrad fertilization observed in some fungi. Non-random localization of mating type locus can be considered as the means for conservation of heterozygosity.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1985

Viruses in fungi and eukaryotic algae: their possible origins and evolution.

It now seems that isometric viruses isolated from higher fungi contain double-stranded RNA whereas those from the primitive lower fungi and eukaryotic algae possess double-stranded DNA. The possible origins and evolution of the viruses are discussed on the basis of their biological and morphological features.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1985

The development of infection structures by the rusts and other fungi.

Germlings of the rust fungi develop infection structures in response to specific cues from the host's surfaces. Features such as the stomatal guard cell, which directs placement of the appressorium over the stomate, serve to optimize pathogen entry. A wide range of plant parasitic fungi develop infection structures.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of selective staining of fungi in paraffin sections by light microscopy, SEM and BEI.

Paraffin-embedded sections from human tissues with fungi or organisms classified with fungi were studied by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the backscatter electron imaging (BEI) mode of the SEM. The fungal organisms selected for study were those familiar to the pathologist on the basis of their appearance in paraffin-embedded material stained with the Gomori-Grocott Chromic Acid Methenamine Silver Stain (GMS). The organisms were Actinomyces, Rhizopus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidia imitis. Sections were stained with the GMS Stain and/or the Becker modification of the GMS Stain (BGMS) and examined in the secondary electron imaging mode (SEI) and BEI mode with an annular backscatter electron detector. This silver staining technique accentuated the wall of fungal organisms, in the backscatter mode. Depending on the fungal organism and type of silver stain employed, the GMS seemed the preferable stain. The advantages of SEM over LM were greater depth of focus and potential range of magnifications. BEI may also be used in conjunction with LM stain for microorganisms to establish their presence.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1984

DNA methylation in the fungi.

A systematic study on the incidence and patterns of cytosine methylation in the fungi has been carried out by restriction and nearest-neighbor analysis of DNAs isolated from undifferentiated cells of several fungal species. With respect to DNA modification, the fungi appear to be a heterogeneous group, with a 5-methylcytosine content ranging from undetectable levels (less than or equal to 0.1% of cytosine residues methylated in 18 out of 20 species tested) to low but detectable levels (e.g. congruent to 0.2 and congruent to 0.5% of the total cytosines methylated in Sporotrichum dimorphosporum and Phycomyces blakesleeanus, respectively). In the species where it has been detected, 5-methylcytosine is located mostly at CpG doublets, and the methylated sites are clustered in long tracts (10-30 kilobase pairs) separated from essentially unmethylated regions. This methylated compartment, which comprises a small fraction (1-11%) of the total DNA, contains at least a specific set of repetitive sequences. These results contrast with the higher 5-methylcytosine content found in the fungus Physarum polycephalum and in vertebrates and higher plants.

5-Methylcytosine↗
PubMed1984

The choice of fungi as test organisms in disinfectant testing.

In order to find out whether more than one test organism is needed for the determination of the activity of disinfectants towards mycelium-forming fungi and yeasts, eight different species of fungi and one yeast-like fungus were submitted to seven different disinfectants in varying concentrations. As Candida albicans was found to be the most resistant, the authors propose that only Candida albicans should be used.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Carbohydrases and their role in the biology of pathogenic fungi.

Pathogenic fungi form different carbohydrases belonging to exo- and endo-types mostly. There is a wider range of glycanases of pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic fungi which are capable of living in the free nature. The role of carbohydrases as aggressive factors of the corresponding agents of mycotic processes is increasing under a pronounced disbalance of carbohydrates in macroorganisms.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1984

Recent changes in the international rules affecting the nomenclature of fungi.

Major changes in the rules governing the nomenclature of fungi were enacted at the XIIIth International Botanical Congress in 1981. The effects of these, and the reasons why changes were made, are reviewed with particular emphasis on those concerned with the starting-point date and fungi with pleomorphic life cycles.

Fungi↗
PubMed1984

Salinity-loving fungi in Egyptian soils. I. Numbers, identities, and halophilism.

The total numbers and the frequencies of fungi in one normal and three saline soils were determined, using a nutrient medium containing sodium chloride concentrations up to 10% (w/v). The most salinity-tolerant fungi were found to belong to the two genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Four selected Penicillium isolates showed a typical halophilic behaviour. Their growth was directly proportional to the concentration of sodium chloride in the nutrient medium up to 10% (w/v). Some of the isolates could tolerate up to 30% sodium chloride in the medium (w/v).

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1984

Airborne fungi during harmattan in Zaria, Nigeria.

Nasal and other respiratory allergies are common in Zaria, Nigeria, during the dusty harmattan period. A survey of airborne fungi was therefore carried out during four months of the harmattan period by the culture plate exposure method. Fungi belonging to 13 genera were recovered during the survey. The highest colony count was during the months of December and January.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1981

[Carboxylic proteinases from the microscopic fungi Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma lignorum].

Using ion-exchange chromatography on aminosilochrome and biospecific chromatography on Bacitracin-Sepharose, the carboxylic proteinases have been isolated for the first time from the microscopic fungi of the Trichoderma genus -- Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma lignorum, commonly used to produce cellulases. The proteinases are stable within the pH range of 3 to 6; pI is 4,3 and 4,5, the pH optimum -- 2,3 and 2,8, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzymes is 32000, the amino acid composition of T. viride proteinase is Lys5His2Arg6Asx27Thr39Ser38Glx27Pro13..Gly41Ala28Cys2Val37Ile11Leu17Tyr13Phe11Trp3, that of T. lignorum is Lys9His4Arg6Asx36Thr26Ser46Glx25Pro14Gly35Ala23Cys2Val28Ile26Leu19Tyr12..Phe14Trp4. Both enzymes are completely inactivated by specific inhibitors of carboxylic proteinase, i. e. pepstatin, diazoacetyl-D,L-norvaline methylester and N-diazoacetyl-N'-2,4-dinitrophenylethylenediamine. The molecular and enzymatic properties of the proteinases under study are close to those of carboxylic proteinases of microscopic fungi and in a lesser degree to those of porcine pepsin.

Amino Acids↗