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PubMedDate not supplied

Interpretation/analysis methods in hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology.

BACKGROUND: Although hermeneutical interpretive phenomenological methodology has been used in many nursing research studies, reports of findings are generally not specific regarding the analysis, or "interpretive process," of this methodology. APPROACH: The purpose of this article is to assist researchers in analyzing interviews and observations, as part of hermeneutical interpretive phenomenology. In this article the interpretive process is explained, illustrated by examples from a recent research study. RESULTS: Other facets of the methodology including research question development, sampling issues, and interview and observation methods are briefly reviewed. DISCUSSION: Approaching the interpretive process as systematically as possible within a nonlinear methodology streamlines and clarifies interpretations of the interview data.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Love and caring. Ethics of face and hand--an invitation to return to the heart and soul of nursing and our deep humanity.

This manuscript offers a new view of old and timeless values: the essential ethic of love, informed by contemporary European philosophies, and caring theory, as well as ancient poetry and wisdom traditions. It integrates some of the philosophical views of Levinas and Logstrup with Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory. The metaphysics, metaphors, and meanings associated with "ethics of face," the "infinity of the human soul," and "holding another's life in our hands" are tied to a deeply ethical foundation for the timeless practice of love and caring, as a means to sustain, not only our shared humanity, but the profession of nursing itself.

Empathy↗
PubMed1987

Components of courage in chronically ill adolescents: a phenomenological study.

Although courage is an important variable when clients successfully deal with hospitalization and illness, the concept is contradictory and ill-defined in nursing and other literature. The phenomenological approach and research method has been suggested as one means of concept clarification and theory development. Using the phenomenological approach, this study asked: What is the essential structure of the lived experience of courage in chronically ill adolescents? Nine chronically ill adolescents participated in an open-ended, audiotape-recorded interview, describing their subjective experiences of courage. The descriptions were analyzed phenomenologically. Significant statements were extracted, meanings formulated, and themes identified. Thirty-one theme clusters in nine categories emerged from which an essential structure of courage in chronically ill adolescents was derived.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Relieving pain through ordinariness in nursing: a phenomenologic account of a comforting nurse--patient encounter.

This article describes a nursing encounter between Sue, a nurse, and Becky, a patient. Sue and Becky related to one another through a sense of shared humanity that not only relieved some of Becky's pain, but also created some possibilities for changing patterns in her life that had been built up over a long period. The article suggests that nurses and patients relate to one another through their affinity as humans. Within the context of caring, nurses such as Sue are ordinary people perceived as being extraordinarily effective by the very ways in which their humanness shines through their knowledge and skills to make their whole being with patients something more than just professional helping. An implication for nursing knowledge arising from Sue's and Becky's interaction, and from the study generally, is the need to reconceptualize the nurse as person, so that nurses are described not only in terms of their professional roles and functions but also as people who share the everyday human qualities of their patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Interpretive research methodology: broadening the dialogue.

This article expands the dialogue on interpretive research methodology, locating this set of approaches within a broad historical and interdisciplinary context. Several of the most commonly held misconceptions in nursing, particularly those related to the meanings and derivations ascribed to "grounded theory," "symbolic interactionism," and "ethnography," are examined. The interpretive research approaches not only have gained broader acceptance across disciplines, but also have shifted in more radical and often less structured directions during the past decade. Several pivotal areas of these ongoing shifts are analyzed for their relevance to nursing research: the influence of critical and feminist theory and postmodernism, the ambiguity inherent in both every-day life and the research enterprise, the importance of locating the researcher, power and status inequities, the problematic aspects of language, meaning, and representation, and the emphasis on reflexivity and context as constitutive of meaning.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2000

Dimensions of vulnerability in emergency nurses' narratives.

Two notions of vulnerability dominate in the nursing literature. In one model, vulnerability is equated with susceptibility to particular harmful agents, conditions, or events at particular times and is considered something to be avoided or resisted. Another view regards vulnerability as the ever-present, common condition of all sentient beings and a condition of nurses' access to understanding patients' experiences. This article uses data from an ethnographic study conducted in two hospital emergency departments to illustrate tensions between these two stances toward vulnerability as they are reflected in emergency nurses' narratives.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advancing nursing theory through theory-guided practice: the emergence of a critical caring perspective.

Critical caring is proposed as a hybrid, midrange theory that builds on nursing science and critical feminist theories. As such, it has the potential to root public health nursing practice in an expanded nursing caring science that reincorporates the social justice agenda characteristic of early public health nursing practice but not featured prominently in contemporary nursing theories. Critical caring transforms the carative processes of Watson's theory into 7 carative health-promoting processes that form the "core" of public health nursing practice and reflect the legacy and reality of public health nursing practice.

Altruism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utilizing the language of Jean Watson's caring theory within a computerized clinical documentation system.

The healthcare facility described in the following article is part of an eight-hospital organization that adopted Watson's Theory of Caring as part of their nursing philosophy. According to Watson, this theory is an attempt to find and deepen the language specific to nurse caring relations and its many meanings. Yet during the implementation of the theory within the setting described, it was noted that there was no mechanism in the current documentation system for clinical nursing staff to document the patient experience using any language specific to the theory. Nursing members recognized an opportunity to develop a new context in charting during an extensive clinical documentation system upgrade. A discussion of the steps taken and the results within the clinical documentation system supporting the newly adopted caring philosophy are summarized here.

Altruism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"It's the people that make the environment good or bad": the patient's experience of the acute care hospital environment.

A review of contemporary nursing research reveals a tendency to focus on select aspects of the hospital environment such as noise, light, and music. Although studies such as these shed light on discrete aspects of the hospital environment, this body of literature contributes little to an understanding of the entirety of that world as the patient in the sickbed experiences it. The purpose of the study detailed in this article was to describe the patient's experience of the acute care hospital environment. Nondirective, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted, then transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes. Against the backdrop of "I lived and that's all that matters," there were 3 predominant themes in patients' experience of the acute care environment: (1) disconnection/connection, (2) fear/less fear, and (3) confinement/freedom. In this environment, human-to-human contact increased security and power in an environment that was described as sterile, disorienting, and untrustworthy. Acute and critical care nurses and other caregivers can use the findings to create less noxious hospital environments.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Coping with psychosis: an integrative developmental framework.

One important way in which persons with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, can influence the recovery process is by coping with the profoundly negative effects of mental illness. Despite accumulating evidence on the active role of the person in his or her recovery, there remains much conceptual confusion regarding the nature and categorization of the concept of coping. The present article constructs a clinically useful framework of coping that describes parallel and consecutive types of coping processes by applying Schwarzer's proactive coping theory to severe mental illness. Four coping modes including reactive, anticipatory, preventive, and proactive are described, and the role of meaning making is elaborated on as an integrative framework. Future research can be directed at validating the presented model and investigating the relationship between these types of coping and other relevant dimensions such as symptoms, functioning, and recovery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Hope as a mode of coping in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The purpose of this article is to emphasize the role of hope as a mode of coping in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). When taking care of patients with ALS, a rapidly progressing fatal disease which has no known cure or treatment and obscure etiology, the nurse's primary aim is to assist the patient to live as fully as possible within limitations imposed by the disease. An analysis of tasks involved in the hoping process can be used as guidelines for nursing intervention with ALS patients and their families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

The life mission theory III. Theory of talent.

When we acknowledge our purpose as the essence of our self, when we take all our power into use in an effortless way, and when we fully accept our own nature--including sex and sexuality, our purpose of life takes the form of a unique talent. Using this talent gives the experience of happiness. A person in his natural state of being uses his core talent in a conscious, joyful, and effortless way, contributing to the world the best he or she has to offer. Full expression of self happens when a person, in full acceptance of body and life, with whole-hearted intension, uses all his personal powers to realize his core talent and all associated talents, to contribute to his beloved and to the world. Thus, self-actualisation is a result of a person fully expressing and realizing his core talent. The theory of talent states that a core talent can be expressed optimally when a human being takes possession of a three-dimensional space with the axis of purpose, power and gender, as we have a threefold need: Acknowledging our core talent (our purpose of life) and intending it; Understanding our potential powers and manifesting them; Accepting our human form including our sex and expressing it. The first dimension is spiritual, the next dimension is mental, emotional and physical, and the third dimension is bodily and sexual. We manifest our talents in a giving movement from the bottom of our soul trough our biological nature onto the subject and object of the outer world. These three dimensions can be drawn as three axes, one saggital axis called purpose or love or me-you, one vertical axis called power or consciousness (light) or heaven-earth, and one horizontal axis called gender or joy or male-female. The three core dimensions of human existence are considered of equal importance for expression of our life purpose, life mission, or core talent. Each of the dimensions is connected to special needs. When these needs are not fulfilled, we suffer and if this suffering becomes unbearable we deny the dimension or a part of is. This is why the dimensions of purpose, power and gender become suppressed from our consciousness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Holistic medicine: scientific challenges.

The field of holistic medicine is in need of a scientific approach. We need holistic medicine--and we even need it to be spiritual to include the depths of human existence--but we need it to be a little less "cosmic" in order to encompass the whole human being. Many important research questions and challenges, empirical as well as theoretical, demand the attention from medical researchers. Like a number of other practitioners and researchers, our group at the Quality of Life Research Center in Denmark together with groups in Norway and Israel are trying to tackle the research challenge by using conceptual frameworks of quality of life. We have suggested that quality of life represents a third influence on health beyond the genetic and traumatic factors so far emphasized by mainstream medicine. In our clinical and research efforts, we attempt to specify what a clinician may do to help patients help themselves, by mobilizing the vast resources hidden in their subjective worlds and existence, in their hopes and dreams, and their will to live. The field of holistic medicine must be upgraded to fully integrate human consciousness, scientifically as well as philosophically. We therefore present a number of important research questions for a consciousness-based holistic medicine. New directions in healthcare are called for and we need a new vision of the future of the healthcare sector in the industrialized countries. Every person seems to have immense potentials for self-healing that we scarcely know how to mobilize. A new holistic medicine must find ways to tackle this key challenge. A healthcare system that could do that successfully would bring quality of life, health, and new ability of functioning to many people.

Existentialism↗
PubMed1987

Spiritual distress and the nursing response: theoretical considerations and counselling skills.

Spiritual distress may be described as the failure to invest life with meaning. It is a condition that may be met by nurses in a variety of settings. This paper examines some of the issues and some of the practical skills involved in counselling those who experience such distress. Considerable reference is made to the literature on this vast topic in order that the issues under discussion may be followed up.

Counseling↗
PubMed1990

An exploratory study of selected female registered nurses: meaning and expression of nurturance.

The words 'nurse' and 'nursing' originate in the word 'nurture' which dates back to the 14th century. 'Nurturance' appeared for the first time in the 1976 Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary and in a United States dictionary in 1983. Etymologically and semantically bound to nursing, little is known about the term nurturance. An exploratory design using phenomenological analysis was applied to understand the female registered nurses' experience of nurturing patients throughout the life-span and to uncover behaviours commonly believed nurturant. Interviews with 14 RNs practising in diverse settings revealed 39 nurturant behaviours that were intuited into four themes describing the subjects' perceived structure of nurturance as: (1) enabling maximum potential; (2) providing physical and emotional protection; (3) engaging in a supportive interaction; and (4) conveying shared humanity. Data were formulated into an exhaustive description of the phenomenon nurturance. Additionally, the results support Greenberg-Edelstein's theoretical model of the positive reciprocity of nurturance between nurse and patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of caring: attributions, contributions and resolutions.

This paper presents a study of the particular dynamics within hospitals that act as counterproductive forces to caring. To this end, the insights revealed by Isabel Menzies Lyth, following her observations of a large London teaching hospital, will be explored. She argues that hospitals are environments conducive to the erection of primitive social defence systems that generate internal conflict and persecution anxiety within its staff. These social defence systems, in turn, militate against efforts directed towards caring. This results in feelings of guilt, depression and dependency that rapidly establish a negative cycle of affects. Such negative affections, once set in train, are difficult to terminate and transform into a positive cycle of affections. Following this analysis, it will be argued that the hospital environment is unequal to the task of caring for the caregivers because it is permeated with ontological, spiritual and moral anxiety, all of which act as serious impediments to the caring enterprise.

Anxiety↗