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At least 1,711 records · Page 95Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Devolution or centralization? Differences in the development of nurse education commissioning policy among the UK nations.

An overview of the different systems for the commissioning of nurse education in the various UK countries is contextualized in the policy concerns of development and marketization driven by Government Working Papers 9 and 10. The different systems for commissioning nurse education in the various UK countries are described, with a particular focus on the English consortia system and its level of efficiency. It is argued that while the mechanism of consortia is being used to marketize nurse education commissioning in England, in the other three nations the commissioning process has actually become more centralized. This centralization is contrary to the policy of development, yet it is suggested here that the consortia mechanism adopted in England has not been followed in the other UK nations, as it has not yet proved an independently efficient method of commissioning.

Contract Services↗
PubMed2006

The contribution of general practice based research to the development of national policy: case studies from Ireland and Australia.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to describe the influence of general practice based research on the development of two specific policy initiatives, namely the Heartwatch Programme in Ireland and the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) program in Australia. A case study approach was used to explore the extent to which relevant general practice based research shaped these initiatives. RESULTS: In both case studies, a range of factors beyond general practice based research shaped the initiative in question, including political will, the involvement of stakeholders (including key opinion leaders), and the historical context. Nonetheless, the research played an important role, and was not merely put to 'symbolic use' to support a position that had already been reached independently. Rather, both case studies provide examples of 'instrumental use': in the case of Heartwatch, the research was considered early in the piece; in the case of the BOiMHC program, it had a specific impact on the detail of the components of the initiative. CONCLUSION: General practice based research can influence policy-making and planning processes by strengthening the foundation of evidence upon which they draw. This influence will not occur in a vacuum, however, and general practice researchers can maximise the likelihood of their work being 'picked up' in policy if they consider the principles underpinning knowledge transfer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Policy aspects of development and individual mobility: migration and circulation from Ecuador's rural Sierra.

"Individual out-migration and out-circulation from Ecuador's rural Sierra during the period 1974-1982 are jointly examined to identify differences in each process. Personal attributes operate similarly, but place characteristics associated with development do not. Particular attention is given to land reform policies and related occurrences as forces of regional change, which in turn affect population movements. Also highlighted is the importance of place knowledge, particularly in drawing substantively informed conclusions from statistical analyses of data with broad geographic coverage."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing national health policy in Taiwan.

Since 1987 ICN has been actively encouraging national nurses' associations (NNAs) and their members to play a more active role in health policymaking at the local, national and international levels. Below the author offers her first-hand experience in developing national health policy since 1988, when she became deputy director and then director of the Bureau of Health Promotion and Protection at Taiwan's Department of Health.

Financial Management↗
PubMed2002

The role of government agencies in the development of cancer policy.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of federal government agencies that most directly affect cancer care and research and how cancer policy can be indirectly shaped or affected by federal and state programs. DATA SOURCES: Government reports and internet sources. CONCLUSIONS: The US government's role in cancer policy has grown substantially and involves ongoing dialogue among Congress, government agencies, and stakeholders in the cancer community. The government can be a powerful catalyst for progress or a seeming insurmountable barrier to high-quality cancer care and research. Working together can make a significant difference in the outcome of cancer policy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses are an important voice in the development of legislation, regulation, and other national policies for cancer care. It is important for cancer care professionals to be aware of these federal programs and participate in deliberations.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1988

[Maternal mortality caused by hemorrhage in developing countries. What policy is proposed?].

Maternal mortality in the third world is fifty to two hundred times higher than in developed countries. Haemorrhage following birth or abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and a specific analysis of this can clarify the problems. The incidence of maternal death by haemorrhage is not clearly documented and fluctuates between 6 and 90 per cent. Patients predicted to be at high risk for haemorrhage in the third trimester should be automatically referred for a higher level of medical care. In fact, many cases of haemorrhage cannot be predicted and death depends on the rate of blood loss and on the pre-existing anaemia. Better nurses' and mid-wives' training, better ante natal care, and the treatment of anaemia should decrease maternal mortality.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1995

Recent trends and developments in occupational health policies and professional practices of company doctors. Current developments in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In Germany a comprehensive system of legislation and institutions for prevention of occupational diseases and accidents at work has been built up over more than 100 years. The paper presents regulations and new initiatives in the field of occupational health and safety, undertaken in the country, known as the Act on Company Doctors and compares it with the EU recommendations.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

Policy and procedure development and implementation.

A basic medical director function is to help draft and implement policies and procedures. Physicians should not underestimate the knowledge and skills involved in doing it well. Instead of viewing this role as merely unpleasant paper work, they should look beneath the surface for the much broader implications. Effective medical directors must be astute problem solvers and and analysts of attitudes, systems, and processes. The vital role of effective processes in helping apply knowledge effectively and improve outcomes deserves much greater recognition and study.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacology of the drugs of abuse and the development of public policy.

It is fascinating that the morality, ethics, and effectiveness of current drug prohibition policies are being criticized in an era when drug use is declining in most segments of society. The current era is also marked by increasingly restrictive policies against drug use and users, including much enhanced interdiction efforts, calls for tougher penalties and more jails, and extensive drug screening programs at the work site. Summary dismissal of workers or students who use drugs is increasingly advocated. Two distinct and opposing currents advocating policy change have emerged, one for legalization, the other for greater restriction. The current inner-city rise in drug use, particularly of cocaine and "crack," and the remarkable increase in drug-related crime is probably providing the impetus for both lines of thinking. Yet both views appear extreme and neither seems to offer a promising social policy. It is critical that we continue to attempt to develop effective strategies for reducing the impact of drug taking on the individual and society. Whereas I am sensitive to the ethical and legal perspectives of the proponents of legalization, pharmacologic and social issues persuade me that legalization of heroin and cocaine would lead to a marked increase in drug dependence and an increase in drug-related disability and crime. In response to the idea that the legalization and taxation of drug use would provide resources for more effective research, prevention, and treatment, my sense is that we should not wait for legalization but should embark on that long and expensive course immediately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗
PubMed2004

Reducing maternal mortality: can we derive policy guidance from developing country experiences?

Developing countries are floundering in their efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality by 75% by 2015. Two issues are being debated. Is it doable within this time frame? And is it affordable? Malaysia and Sri Lanka have in the past 50 years repeatedly halved their maternal mortality ratio (MMR) every 7-10 years to reduce MMR from over 500 to below 50. Experience from four other developing countries--Bolivia, Yunan in China, Egypt, and Jamaica-confirms that each was able to halve MMR in less than 10 years beginning from levels of 200-300. Malaysia and Sri Lanka, invested modestly (but wisely)--less than 0.4% of GDP--on maternal health throughout the period of decline, although the large majority of women depended on publicly funded maternal health care. Analysis of their experience suggests that provision of access to and removal of barriers for the use of skilled birth attendance has been the key. This included professionalization of midwifery and phasing out of traditional birth attendants; monitoring births and maternal deaths and use of such information for high profile advocacy on the importance of reducing maternal death; and addressing critical gaps in the health system; and reducing disparities between different groups through special attention to the poor and disadvantaged populations.

Developing Countries↗