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Cold weather injuries during peacetime military training.

Demographic data on 220 cold weather injuries seen over a 52-month period at the 67th Evacuation Hospital in Wuerzburg, Germany, was reviewed. Data were collected at the time of presentation and all diagnoses were made by a general/vascular surgeon. Statistics on age, gender, race, rank, unit, prior injury, use of tobacco products, classes on prevention, and activity at the time of injury were reviewed. Previously identified risk factors were confirmed except for tobacco use. There appeared to be no risk associated with gender or rank. Most injuries were sustained by soldiers performing low-risk activities for which no clear predisposing event could be ascribed. Prevention and early detection appear critical since injuries were not necessarily associated with specific actions or events.

Adolescent↗

Thermoregulation in man during cold adaptation.

Permanent residence in a cold environment affects the thermoregulatory system and other related functions (Table 5). These changes are adaptive because they decrease the stress action of cold, maintain the energy cost of temperature homeostasis and make it possible to receive additional heat during muscular work in cold without drawing on such heat production sources as shivering.

Acclimatization↗

The role of hereditary factors in phenotypic variability of hormone levels in a population genetically adapted to the circumpolar environment.

The variability of plasma cortisol, T3, T4, TSH, and estradiol levels was studied in the North Khanty population genetically adapted to the extreme conditions of the North. Negative linear correlations of T3 and T4 levels with age were obtained. Cortisol, estradiol, and T3 levels showed nonlinear age dependency. T4 concentrations were significantly lower in August than February and November. The highest heritability estimate was shown for estradiol levels (44%). The relationships between genetic markers and hormone concentrations were studied.

Adult↗