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PubMed1975

Correlation between resistance to actinomycin D, karyology, agglutination by concanavalin A and tumorigenicity in Chinese hamster hybrid cells.

Subclones isolated from a Chinese hamster hybrid line, derived from fusion of an actinomycin D-resistant and an actinomycin D-sensitive strain, were studied with respect to their resistance to actinomycin D, karyology, transplantability and agglutination by concanavalin A. Statistical analysis of the results allowed the establishment of a classification of the strains based on increasing resistance to actinomycin D. There appeared to be an inverse correlation between actinomycin D-resistance and tumorigenicity and a positive correlation between this resistance and the presence of a marker chromosome.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of the passive particle agglutination test in the serodiagnosis and follow-up of syphilis.

We performed the present study to determine the rate of concordance of the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) and of the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP) with the passive particle agglutination test (TP.PA) in patients with early syphilis and to observe the reactivity of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR), MHA-TP, and the TP.PA tests for 1 year after therapy. The study included 449 people who were given therapy if they had syphilis and followed up for 1 year. The rate of concordance of the TP.PA with the MHA-TP was 98.4%, and it was 98.9% with the FTA-ABS. During follow-up, a significant decrease of antibodies was found in 56%, 26%, and 70% of the patients when using the RPR, the MHA-TP, and the TP.PA, respectively. The TP.PA seems to be an adequate routine assay for the diagnosis of syphilis, being as sensitive as the FTA-ABS test in primary syphilis and as useful as the RPR test in monitoring therapy.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gelatin particle indirect agglutination test for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis: comparative study with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A new serological test, the gelatin particle agglutination test (GPAT), was used for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni. This technique showed the sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (97.8%) close to those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The GPAT can be easily and rapidly performed without specialized equipment, by using lyophilized antigen-coated gelatin particles. The test also seems to be useful for mass screening of Schistosoma infection in field conditions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Direct agglutination tests in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Pará].

The direct agglutination test (DAT) was evaluated for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in human and canids (dogs and foxes Cerdocyon thous). The results were compared with those of the immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera used were from: humans (303): confirmed VL (16), suspected VL (65), other conditions (102), negative controls (15) and individuals from an endemic area (105); dogs (82): from an endemic area (68), Salvaterra/Marajó/Pará (21 of which were parasitologically positive), and negative controls (14), from Belém; foxes (9): caught on Marajó Island. Antigens for DAT were prepared from promastigots of L. (L.) donovani, L. (L.) chagasi. Antigens used in ELISA and IFAT were prepared from promastigotes (soluble antigen) and amastigotes respectively of L. (L.) chagasi. In humans, the specificity and sensitivity of DAT using L. (L.) donovani were high (98.4% and 100% respectively) and comparable to that of IFAT (97.5% and 100%). ELISA was less specific (84.8%) although similarly sensitive (100%). In dogs, DAT was more specific using L. (L.) donovani as antigen than using L. (L.) chagasi. However, both DAT and ELISA were less sensitive (both 71.4%) than IFAT (100%). This difference was reflected in the results from endemic dogs, 87% of which were positive by IFAT but only 54% by ELISA and 49% by DAT. Similarly, all 9 fox sera were positive by IFAT, 7 of 9 (78%) by ELISA but none by DAT. In conclusion, DAT using L. (L.) donovani antigen can provide a useful test for human VL; utilization on a large scale would be possible with a suitable reference laboratory to monitor antigen quality. However, DAT appears less useful for canine studies, as it was less sensitive than ELISA and especially IFAT in detecting canine infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of direct agglutination tests in the detection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in possible reservoirs of cutaneous American leishmaniasis in the state of Ceará].

In order to evaluate the aplicability of the Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) as a method of detection of the natural canine infection for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, it was realized a study involving the serum of naive dogs from Serra de Baturite, Ceara State, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and others from Curitiba, Parana State, a non endemic area. The results indicate the possibility of using this sorologic test to the epidemiologic research of the infection in the reservoir host; in this case, the dog.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the direct agglutination test and the rK39 dipstick test for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on a freeze-dried antigen and the rK39 dipstick test were evaluated for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The sensitivity and specificity of both tests were determined using sera from confirmed VL patients (n = 21), healthy controls (n = 19) and from patients with other confirmed infectious diseases (n = 42). The DAT had a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. The rK39 had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 82%. Both tests were also used to screen blood samples of confirmed VL patients (n = 15) and serum samples of VL suspects (n = 61). The DAT found all blood samples of confirmed VL patients positive and tested 98.4% of the serum samples of the VL suspects positive. In contrast, rK39 detected in 9/15 blood samples (60%) antibodies against Leishmania chagasi and found 85.3% of the serum samples of the suspected patients positive. Although the rK39 dipstick is more rapid and user friendlier than the DAT, the latter has a superior sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the reagents used for DAT do not require cold storage, whereas the buffer of the rK39 must be stored at 4oC. Therefore, the DAT is the most suitable test for the sero-diagnosis of VL under field conditions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts.

The present study examined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in a population of beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts. Sixty-two blood samples were collected during the field seasons over 3 consecutive years from different animals. Blood was collected onto filter paper and shipped to the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, for parasite testing. The samples were tested at dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:100 against each parasite antigen by modified agglutination tests to determine whether antibodies to either parasite were present in the blood. Six of 62 samples (10%) were positive for T. gondii, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 4 having titers of 1:50. Four of 62 samples (6%) were positive for S. neurona, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 2 having titers of 1:50.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Connecticut.

The prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was examined in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) from 8 cities in Connecticut. Ten (42%) of the 24 striped skunks, 2 of 7 (29%) opossums, and 12 of 12 (100%) raccoons were positive at dilutions of 1:50 or greater. These results suggest that T. gondii is prevalent in the environment, or prey items, or both, of these omnivores in Connecticut.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

Performance of two agglutination techniques in the detection of thyroid antibodies and assessment of their clinical significance.

Two clinically most widely used agglutination tests, Thymune and Serodia distributed by Wellcome and Fjirebio/Ames, respectively, to determine thyroid autoantibodies were compared. The Serodia tests seemed to be considerably more sensitive than the corresponding Thymune tests; first, Serodia tests resulted in several new positive samples and second, 16% and 30% of positive thyroglobulin and thyroid microsomal antibodies by Serodia resulted in at least 16 times higher titres, respectively. Over 300 healthy blood donor sera were used to determine the occurrence of thyroid autoantibodies in normal population. Titre limits of 400 and 6400 in anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies were adapted for clinical use, respectively, even though the results suggested that the lower titre limits could be applied for males and subjects younger than 40 years. These defined titre limits were applied to examine randomly selected clinical patient material gathered during 1 year. The main patient groups identified included patients with chronic thyroiditis, thyroid malignancy, diabetes. Graves' disease and rheumatoid diseases as well as patients with vaguely defined clinical conditions. Without the aid of antithyroglobulin antibodies only one patient with chronic thyroiditis would have been missed if thyroid microsomal antibodies were used alone. Thus, in general clinical practise thyroid microsomal antibodies can be used as a sole diagnostic test for autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Inguinal herniorrhaphy and sperm-agglutinating antibodies in infertile men.

In 10 infertile men with sperm-agglutinating antibodies in serum and a history of inguinal herniorrhaphy the site of the previous operation was explored. Five of the men had an occlusion of the vas deferens and in three others spermatoceles were noted in the epididymis. The occlusion of the vas deferens was in the area of the previous herniorrhaphy. Infertility caused by the development of sperm antibodies may occasionally be a long-term consequence of inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of immunobead test (IBT), tray-agglutination test (TAT), and sperm immobilization test (SIT).

The present investigation relates the results obtained by the indirect immunobead test (IBT) to those found during the tray-agglutination test (TAT) and sperm immobilization test (SIT) performed on 16 positive blood sera samples. An IB binding of greater than 50% can be regarded as significantly positive (p less than 0.05), since 77% of the positive IB samples with an IB binding of greater than 50% also revealed a TAT titer of greater than 1:8. The IBT is an excellent test for the detection of sperm antibodies during routine screening procedures.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of antibiotic therapy in asthenozoospermic men associated with increased agglutination and minimal leukospermia.

Thirteen patients with asthenozoospermia and semen analysis suggestive of infection were studied and divided at random into 2 groups according to the antibiotic treatment they received: (I) ciprofloxacine 250 mg every 12 hours by 14 days per os (n = 7) and (II) trimethoprim 160 mg and sulfamethoxazole 800 mg every 12 hours by 14 days per os (n = 6). Their couples received the same treatment. Changes in sperm density, morphology, viability, motility, agglutination, pH, and presence of leukocytes were analyzed before and after treatment. The average of morphologically normal sperms significantly decreased after treatment in the ciprofloxacine group; sperm with grade III motility increased in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group, but without statistical significance. With these preliminary results, it can be concluded that antibiotic administration modifies some of the spermatic parameters, particularly motility and morphology, in patients whose semen analysis parameters suggested infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Comparative studies of normal and genetically hyperplastic lens epithelia II: lectin-induced cell agglutination and 125I-lectin uptake by cells.

The reactions of lectins with dissociated and cultured epithelial cells from hyperplastic lenses of two unrelated chick strains, Hy-1 and Hy-2, characterised by hyperplasia of the lens epithelium, and lenses of a normal genotype (N) were investigated using four different lectins. Three methods of monitoring lectin-binding to cell surfaces were employed. Each of the four lectins used showed an individual pattern of reactivity to separated membrane components. Data obtained with the three labelling methods showed the same trend viz: increased agglutinability and high affinity for binding of all four lectins by Hy-1 and Hy-2 cells. These results suggest that Hy-1 and Hy-2 lens epithelial cells are characterised by alteration in their cell surfaces.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1975

Antibody titers by mixed agglutination to varicella-zoster, herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Antibody titers to varicella-zoster (V-Z), herpes simplex (HSV) and vaccinia viruses were determined in sera collected in Buffalo, NY, from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with other diseases, and normal individuals. The mixed agglutination test employing cell cultures infected with one of the above viruses as a source of antigen was used to determine antibody titers. The geometric mean titer (GMT) for V-Z in 59 MS cases was significantly higher than that observed in patients with other diseases and in normal individuals. The GMT for vaccinia was also higher in MS patients but the difference was not as great as for V-Z. No difference was observed in the titer of antibodies for HSV. Similar results were obtained for 51 MS patients compared to healthy controls matched for sex and age. Higher antibody titers for V-Z and HSV were observed in cerebrospinal fluids from MS cases than in those from non-MS CNS patients in Baltimore, MD. Antibodies to V-Z, HSV and vaccinia were detected in washing fluids from brain homogenates of MS cases.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

A direct agglutination test for leishmaniasis.

Antigen suspensions of enzyme-treated, formalin-fixed promastigotes of three species of Leishmania (L. donovani, L. tropica, and L. braziliensis) were evaluated by using the direct agglutination test with serum samples from healthy individuals and patients with confirmed cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. High cross-reactivity was obtained with the three antigens in tests with leishmania sera. Sera from patients with kala-azar were 61% to 96% positive when tested with all three antigens. In tests with sera from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, 81% were positive with L. donovania and L. braziliensis antigen, whereas only 54% to 55% were positive with the other two antigens. Normal sera were reactive at low dilutions of 1:16 or less with L. braziliensis antigens. Normal sera tested with L. tropica antigen reacted to a titer of 128.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.

The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MA test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. Of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the Republic of Panama, 102 sera were positive in the MA test and 93 of these sera were positive in the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA. Incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the MA test and 48 of 68 in the IgM Dot-ELISA. Five MA test-positive sera were reactive only in the IgG-specific Dot-ELISA, suggesting previous exposure. All 21 infecting serovars of Leptospira interrogans, as determined by positive reactions in the MA test or culture of blood and urine specimens, were reactive in the Dot-ELISA. Of 75 sera negative in the MA test, 61 were nonreactive in the Dot-ELISA. However, 9 of these 14 Dot-ELISA-positive/MA test-negative sera were acute samples from patients whose later sera were MA test-positive. Positive reactions in the IgM Dot-ELISA occurred in 2 of 30 control, 4 of 10 Lyme disease, 1 of 11 relapsing fever, and 1 of 8 yaws sera; 10 syphilis patient sera were nonreactive. The IgM-specific Dot-ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the serodiagnosis of acute leptospirosis. In addition, this rapid test is inexpensive, simple to perform, utilizes minute volumes of killed leptospiral antigen and is easily adaptable to field use.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

Serodiagnosis and screening of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Corsica: applicability of a direct agglutination test and immunoblot analysis.

For effective control of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean area, the detection of infected dogs is of utmost importance. To assess the suitability of a direct agglutination test (DAT) and immunoblot analysis in serodiagnosis and screening of infected dogs under field conditions, a study was performed on 113 dogs in an endemic area of Corsica. Twenty one of 22 parasitologically confirmed cases were correctly diagnosed by both tests, and 100% specificity was found when 11 dogs with other diseases were examined. Interestingly, eight of 80 apparently healthy dogs from the same area were found to be parasite-positive by the DAT test as well as by the immunoblot. Although both tests were equally sensitive and specific, based on both the feasibility of its application in field conditions and ease of performance, we consider the DAT to be more suitable for serodiagnosis and large-scale screening of infected dogs.

Agglutination Tests↗