Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “parvovirus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Investigation of the sensitivities of distinct gastric cancer cells to parvovirus H-1 induced cytotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivities of distinct gastric cancer cells to parvovirus H-1 induced cytotoxicity and the possible mechanism(s). METHODS: There were six distinct differentiated gastric cancer cell lines: HGC27 (undifferentiated), BGC823 (undifferentiated), MKN45 (poorly differentiated), AGS (poorly differentiated), SGC7901 (moderately differentiated) and MKN28 (well differentiated). The cell cycle distributions were measured by flow cytometry and the differential sensitivities of the six distinct gastric cancer cells after H-1 virus infection were detected by MTT assay. RT-PCR was used to detect viral NS1 gene expression in all six gastric cancer cell lines. RESULTS: The S phase ratios of HGC27, BGC823, MKN45, AGS, SGC7901 and MKN28 were 24.72%, 30.15%, 27.10%, 29.03%, 31.82% and 33.73%, respectively. HGC27 cells were sensitive to H-1 virus induced cytotoxicity, followed by SGC7901 cells. MKN45 and AGS cells were moderately sensitive and MKN28 cells were insensitive. However, BGC823 cells were resistant to H-1 virus induced cytotoxicity. The expressions of viral NS1 were higher in HGC27, BGC823, MKN45 and SGC7901 cells, and lower in AGS and MKN28 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivities of the distinct gastric cancer cells to H-1 virus induced cytotoxicity were markedly different. In general, the poorly differentiated cells showed an enhanced sensitivity to H-1 virus attack compared with well-differentiated ones. The enhanced sensitivity of poorly versus well-differentiated gastric cancer cells to H-1 virus is related in part to the enhanced capacity of the former for NS1 protein production and accumulation. The undifferentiated BGC823 cells were resistant to H-1 virus triggered cytotoxicity. It may further verify that not all tumor cells are sensitive to H-1 virus lytic effects.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1998

Immediate and long term outcome of human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate more precisely the risk of fetal loss and congenital abnormalities after maternal parvovirus B19 infection, and to assess the long term outcome for surviving infants. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of pregnant women with confirmed B19 infection with follow up of the surviving infants. The rate of fetal loss in the study cohort was compared with that in pregnant women with varicella. SETTING: Cases reported by laboratories in England and Wales between 1985-1988 and 1992-1995. SAMPLE: Four hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with B19 infection and 367 surviving infants of whom 129 were followed up at 7-10 years of age. METHODS: Questionnaires to obstetricians and general practitioners on outcome of pregnancy and health of surviving infants. Maternal infection confirmed by B19-specific IgM assay and/or IgG seroconversion. RESULTS: The excess rate of fetal loss in women with B19 infection was confined to the first 20 weeks of gestation and averaged 9%. Seven cases of fetal hydrops followed maternal infections between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation (observed risk 2.9%, 95% CI 1.2-5.9). No abnormalities attributable to B19 infection were found at birth in surviving infants (observed risk 0%, upper 95% CI 0.86%). No late effects were found at 7-10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Around 1 in 10 women infected before 20 weeks of gestation will suffer a fetal loss due to B19. The risk of an adverse outcome of pregnancy after this stage is remote. Infected women can be reassured that the maximum possible risk of a congenital abnormality due to B19 is under 1% and that long term development will be normal.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2004

Human parvovirus B19 in young male patients with hemophilia A: associations with treatment product exposure and joint range-of-motion limitation.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the risk of human parvovirus B19 (B19) transmission in recombinant antihemophilic factor, the seroprevalence among 798 two- to seven-year-old boys with hemophilia was compared. Also, data collected on joints were used to assess relations between B19 serostatus and joint range-of-motion (ROM) limitation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staff at US hemophilia treatment centers collected data on product exposures and ROM of 10 joints and provided blood specimens as part of blood safety surveillance. Blood was tested for immunoglobulin G anti-B19. Associations between B19 seropositivity and treatment products and joint ROM limitations were examined in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Compared to children who received no product, the odds of B19 seropositivity were 0.8 (p = 0.5), 1.9 (p = 0.05), and 7.6 (p < 0.001) for those children who received recombinant antihemophilic factor only, both recombinant antihemophilic factor and plasma-derived factor, and plasma-derived factor only, respectively. Children who were anti-B19 positive had an average 8 degrees less overall ROM (p = 0.002) than those who were B19 antibody negative after adjustment for other risk factors. CONCLUSION: The risk of B19 transmission by recombinant antihemophilic factor is low. Previous B19 infection is associated with ROM limitations in very young male patients with hemophilia. Virus inactivation techniques effective against B19 and other nonenveloped viruses are needed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Parvovirus B19 transmission by a high-purity factor VIII concentrate.

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (B19) is known to cause a variety of human diseases in susceptible individuals by close contact via the respiratory route or by transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products. In this study, whether a case of B19 transmission was causally related to the infusion of implicated lots of a solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated, immunoaffinity-purified factor VIII concentrate (antihemophilic factor [human][AHF]) was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Anti-B19 (both immunoglobulin M [IgM] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and B19 DNA (by a nucleic acid testing [NAT] procedure) were assayed in two implicated product lots, a plasma pool, and a recipient's serum sample. Analysis of the partial B19 sequences obtained from sequencing clones or direct sequencing of the samples was performed. RESULTS: Only one of the two implicated lots was B19 DNA-positive. It contained 1.3 x 10(3) genome equivalents (geq or international units [IU]) per mL. The negative lot was derived from plasma screened for B19 DNA by NAT in a minipool format to exclude high-titer donations, whereas the positive lot was mostly from unscreened plasma. This high-purity AHF product had no detectable anti-B19 IgG. A 4-week postinfusion serum sample from a recipient, who received both lots and became ill, was positive for the presence of B19 antibodies (both IgM and IgG) as well as B19 DNA. The B19 sequences from the positive lot, its plasma pool, and the recipient's serum sample were closely related. CONCLUSION: These findings and the recipient's clinical history support a causal relationship between the implicated AHF product and B19 infection in this recipient. The seronegative patient became infected after receiving 2x10(4) IU (or geq) of B19 DNA, which was present in this S/D-treated, high-purity AHF product.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of a new LightCycler reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction infectivity assay for detection of human parvovirus B19 in dry-heat inactivation studies.

BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a widely distributed infectious agent, which causes a variety of illnesses including erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) especially in children, arthritis, aplastic crisis, and hydrops fetalis. B19 can be transmitted from asymptomatic blood donors to recipients of their blood components. Fifth disease has been reported in patients receiving red blood cells, platelets, solvent/detergent-treated plasma, and clotting factor concentrates. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A new B19-specific Light Cycler (LC) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) infectivity assay was developed for quantitative analysis of the infectivity of B19 in virus validation studies. The cycling conditions and the primers of the new assay were designed to amplify spliced RNA forms but not precursor RNA or B19 genome. One 50 percent infectious dose, determined on UT7/Epo-S1 cells of low passage, equaled 3.74+/-0.1 log international units of B19 DNA. RESULTS: The efficiency of the dry-heat process (100 degrees C) on inactivation of B19 spiked and lyophilized with fibrinogen, a major component of the clotting factor concentrate and hemostatic dressing products, was investigated by use of B19-specific LC RT-PCR infectivity assay. At 1.3 to 1.7 percent residual moisture of fibrinogen, the infectivity of B19 was reduced dramatically by 3.3 to 5.1 log for 1 and 2 hours of dry-heat treatment, respectively. B19 infectivity was reduced 1.5, 2.8, and 3.8 log for 1, 2, and 3 hours of dry-heat treatment, respectively, at 0.5 to 0.7 percent residual moisture level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that level of residual moisture of lyophilized fibrinogen with B19 spike correlated with a different resistance of B19 to dry-heat treatment, and that low moisture may stabilize virus against heat.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1993

Thrombocytopenia induced by human parvovirus B19 infections.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has a remarkable tissue-tropism for erythroid elements--from erythroid precursors (BFU-E, CFU-E) to erythroblasts. B19 is thought to be incapable of propagating in cells other than erythroid progenitors. Leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia sometimes occur in addition to erythrocytopenia in patients with B19 infection. We retrospectively investigated the possible cause of thrombocytopenia by B19 infection in 23 patients with thrombocytopenia admitted to our hospital in the past 5 years. Two patients were found to be infected by B19. Mild thrombocytopenia in both cases was thought to be an early event in B19 infection.

Child↗
PubMed2006

A cluster of parvovirus B19 infections in renal transplant recipients: a prospective case series and review of the literature.

Up to 9% of renal transplant recipients have severe multifactorial erythropoietin-resistant anemia. Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection can cause severe anemia and is likely underreported. Sparse information on epidemiology and management in this population exists. To address these issues, after our first index case, we modified our clinical practice to prospectively screen patients with persistent hemoglobin (Hb) <10 mg/dL for PVB19 infection after excluding common causes of anemia including erythropoietin resistance. Potentially infected patients were further evaluated by serology, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (quPCR) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, PVB19 and other etiologies. Over 3 months, 212 kidney recipients visited outpatient clinics. Of 52 recipients with anemia, 8 had an Hb <10 mg/dL with erythropoietin resistance and were screened for PVB19 infection. Three cases had PVB19 infection by quPCR and often-inconclusive serology/BMB results. Cases had immunosuppression reduced and received IVIG (0.5 gm/kg x 4 doses) with recovery from anemia, viral clearance in two cases and one recurrence. PVB19-mediated anemia occurred in up to three out of eight (38%) screened kidney recipients with Hb <10 mg/dL resistant to erythrypoietin. We recommend prospective risk stratification for this population, high indices of suspicion using at least qualitative techniques for diagnosis and treatment goal for viral eradication.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Latex agglutination test for canine parvovirus.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected in faeces from dogs with diarrhoea by a specific slide agglutination test using latex particles coated with anti-CPV monoclonal antibody (LA-anti-CPV). The agglutination of LA-anti-CPV with CPV on a glass slide was evident macroscopically within 2 min. The sensitivity of the latex agglutination (LA) test was similar to that of the hemagglutination test. The LA test is available for the rapid diagnosis of CPV infection at an animal hospital.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Sero-diagnosis for human parvovirus B19 infection by IgM and IgG antibody capture method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--study on an epidemic case of erythema infectiosum].

The IgM and IgG antibody capture methods of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human parvovirus B19 were performed using Horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)-labeled anti B19 monoclonal antibody. Serially obtained serum samples from one erythema infectiosum (E.I.) patient were examined at once by this methods. The dOD values of the IgM and IgG antibodies decreased on the typical curves according to the course of recovery. In the epidemic case of E.I. among students of one nurse school, 1) The first patients was estimated by comparing the change of dOD values of sera obtained at end of the epidemic and 1.5 months later. 2) In the pre-existing antibody positive persons, the dOD values of IgG antibody did not changed during the epidemic. 3) After the E.I. epidemic, and approximately 30% of the students were remained uninfected.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

[Five family members infection likely due to human parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)].

We encountered five members of the same family infected with parvovirus B19. The latency period in these patients was 17 to 20 days, which matched that observed by Anderson et al. after inoculating humans with the virus. The latency period in 24 cases of familial infection observed in 17 families at the same time showed peaks at both 10 days and 20 days. Thus, it is still necessary to determine the actual latent period of erythema infectiosum infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Serological diagnosis for human parvovirus B19 infection by an enzyme immunoassay kit with recombinant antigens synthesized in a baculovirus expression system].

Propagation of human parvovirus B19 (B19) in cell cultures are not applicable to the source of viral antigens for serological assays at present. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits with recombinant B19 capsids by E. coli or baculovirus expression system have been developed. We tested serum samples from the patients with erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis by EIA kit with recombinant antigens synthesized in a baculovirus expression system (Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan). The antigens used in the kit are self-assembled recombinants containing both VP-1 and VP-2 with the same proportion as found in native B19 capsids. B19 IgM is detected by antibody capture methods and IgG by indirect methods. All of the samples were positive for B19 DNA by nested PCR. Thirty-six (97%) of the 37 patients with erythema infectiosum and all (100%) of the 4 patients with aplastic crisis were positive for B19 IgM. The EIA kit with recombinant antigens synthesized in a baculovirus expression system has proved to be reliable and useful for the diagnosis of B19 infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

[Studies on the relationship between anaphylactoid purpura and human parvovirus B19].

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been shown to be the cause of erthema infectiousum (EI). Recently the various clinical manifestations with B19 infection are coming to light. The relationship between B19 and anaphylactoid purpura (Schölein-Henoch purpura: SHP) was investigated in a retrospective study. There were sixteen patients (male 9, female 7, average age 6.0 +/- 1.7) who were diagnosed as SHP. Serum specimens were used in the present study. Specific IgM and IgG were assayed by enzyme immunoassay, B19 DNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Five of the sixteen patients were positive for B19 DNA assayed by PCR, three were positive for B19 IgM in the acute phase. Kidney involvement appeared in one case with B19 infection and in two cases without infection. Abdominal involvement appeared in one case with infection and in three cases without. In this study, five of the sixteen patients had evidence of recent B19 infection by the existence of antibodies and PCR method. In conclusion, it is necessary to investigate the B19 infection with or without EI in the cases of SHP.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[A case with petechiae due to human parvovirus B19].

We reported a case of 10-year-old girl with petechiae mainly on the truncus, although who had more than 10 x 10(4)/microliter of platelets. Smears of her bone marrow demonstrated extreme reduction of erythroblasts with giant proerythroblast like cells, which does not consist with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Human parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA was detected in her serum and throat swab using PCR and significant alterations of B19 specific IgM and IgG antibody titers were demonstrated. The petechiae subsided on the 8th day after her admission. She had not shown anemia less than Hb 10 g/dl, but her reticulocytes counts had increased up to 3.5% on the 11th day after her admission. Smears of her bone marrow on the 17th day became normal with moderate erythroblasts. It is demonstrated that the cellular receptor of this virus is an antigen of the blood group P recently. P antigen is presented not only on erythrocytes and on erythroblasts but also on megakaryocytes and endotherial cells. Therefore, it is suggested that direct injury by B19 to endothelial cells could cause petechiae in this case.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Human parvovirus B19 infection which first presented with petechial hemorrhage, followed by papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome and erythema infectiosum].

A case of human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection is reported. A 6-year-old previously healthy girl was admitted to our hospital complaining of slight fever and petechial hemorrhage on her neck, trunk and the proximal parts of extremities. On admission, the platelet count was within normal range (180 x 10(3)/microliter) but white blood cells and reticulocytes were moderately suppressed (2.4 x 10(3)/microliter and 1@1000, respectively). The purpura disappeared in a week and the blood cell counts fully recovered without any specific treatment. Detection of B19 DNA and anti-B19 IgM antibody in the serum on admission led to the final diagnosis. Since the cellular receptor for B19, the blood group P antigen, is expressed on vascular endothelial cells as well as erythroid progenitor cells, the purpura was considered to be the result of direct vascular injury. She was very unique as she subsequently exhibited papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome and erythema infectiosum during follow-up. This case may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of cutaneous manifestations of B19 infection.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Antibody response to human parvovirus B19 in patients with primary infection by immunoblot assay with recombinant proteins.

Human parvovirus B19 recombinant VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins were produced by a procaryotic pGEX expression plasmid to evaluate the humoral response by immunoblot assay in 14 patients with primary infection. The same concentrations of VP1 and VP2 recombinant proteins were used. This demonstrates that VP1 immunoglobulin M detection and/or VP1 immunoglobulin G seroconversion is a reliable marker of primary infections. Consequently, detection of antibodies to B19 VP1 might be helpful for identifying patients at risk for chronic B19 infection or patients who are susceptible to viral reinfection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Parvovirus B19 in anemic liver transplant recipients.

Five hundred thirty-three liver transplant recipients were seen for follow-up care over a 6-month period. Of these, 23 (4.3%) had a hemoglobin level of < or = 9 g/dl, with 19 being eligible for inclusion in this study. The median hemoglobin level was 8.7 g/dl. Two patients had iron-deficiency anemia. All of the patients were on therapeutic drugs which can suppress erythropoiesis or shorten the lifespan of mature erythrocytes. Six patients (31.6%) were viremic for human parvovirus B19 but none was B19 immunoglobulin M seropositive. Two patients were immunoglobulin M seropositive for cytomegalovirus. The patients with circulating B19 DNA were not easily distinguished from those without the virus by their laboratory results. The absence of reticulocyte counts for these patients contributed to this inability to differentiate B19 from other causes of anemia, particularly drug myelotoxicity. The high likelihood of making a specific diagnosis with the increasing availability of PCR should spur the search for this virus in the liver transplant population.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Placental cellular immune response in women infected with human parvovirus B19 during pregnancy.

Human parvovirus B19 can cause congenital infection with variable morbidity and mortality in the fetus and neonate. Although much information exists on the B19-specific antibody response in pregnant women, little information is available describing the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response at the maternal-fetal interface. The focus of this study was to characterize the CMI response within placentas from women who seroconverted to B19 during their pregnancies and compare it to controls. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify the various immune cells and the inflammatory cytokine present within placental tissue sections. Group 1 consisted of placentas from 25 women whose pregnancies were complicated by B19 infection; 6 women with good outcome (near-term or term delivery), and 19 with poor outcome (spontaneous abortion, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, or fetal death). Group 2 consisted of placentas from 20 women whose pregnancies were complicated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis of known, noninfectious etiology. Group 3 consisted of placentas from eight women whose pregnancies ended in either term delivery or elective abortion. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of CD3-positive T cells present within placentas from group 1 compared to group 2 or 3 (13.3 versus 2 and 1, respectively) (P < 0.001). In addition, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 2 was detected in every placenta within group 1 but was absent from all placentas evaluated from groups 2 and 3. Together, these findings demonstrate evidence for an inflammation-mediated cellular immune response within placentas from women whose pregnancies are complicated with B19 infection.

CD3 Complex↗